英语阅读理解常考题型及解题技巧Word格式文档下载.docx

1、做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过scanning快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一

2、定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要受到惯势思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不要所答非所问。例证题一定要注意以for example，such as等关键入手处，找出细节出处。排序题要先仔细观察选项，找出首尾相同的选项分组，进而通过具体细节信息比较进行排除和选择。唯一细节题一定要仔细审题，弄清题干所需。特别需要提醒的是，选项中出现有most （最高级）、the only（唯一）、all（所有）、none（全否）修饰的细节，都具有绝对性，选择判断时要慎选。2. 句义理解题句子理解题也叫同义转换题，它主要通过同义转换的方式来考察考生对阅读材料中一些关键词句是如何理解的，试题通

3、过句型转换对短文原句释义，难度也较小，属于浅层理解题。此类题在近年中考阅读理解题中屡见不鲜，占有相当大的比例。3. 分析判断题分析判断题要求考生在充分理解短文内容的基础上，对文章的结构特点进行分析，以掌握全篇的逻辑关系。此类题属于高难度题，做这类题目时首先要研究文章着重说明什么问题，表达什么观点，这是文章的主题。其次要分析作者运用什么样的情节，故事来表达主题，这为文章的中心大意。另外还应注意作者是如何展开故事情节的，运用的是什么写作方法以及最后是如何得出结论的。4. 逻辑推理题此题型要求考生纵观全文，在汇集全文提供的各项信息的基础上进行正确的逻辑推理，推断作者的意向，人物的动机，目的，性格特征

4、，事件的前因后果关系，语言中的语态，语气等，近年来的中考强调对考生阅读能力的考察，因而推理判断式的深层次理解题随之增加，这就要求我们在通读全文，弄懂全文的基础上，抓住文章的关键词句，深入开拓文章的内容。推理判断此类题的关键是要注意原文出现的语句不是我们做出的推理判断，而是原文给出的细节信息，所以原文语句不能选。判断时对已知的事实仔细评价后做出的合理决定并非唯一决定，要对事实进行合乎情理的判断，有时还需借助常识进行判断。推理判断题分两种，即对细节的推理和对主旨的推理。主要以We can infer / imply / learn from this passage that 等进行提问。解决此类

5、题要注意，一是与原文相同的细节不能选，二是文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断。解题过程中只要注意上述两点，再结合做细节和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判断题。5. 归纳概括题（主旨判断）此题型要求考生在理解全文后，归纳短文大意，概括中心思想，或选择短文标题，这些问题的答案大都隐藏在文章中。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，尤其是新闻报道之类的，第一段常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达中心思想。但也有不少文章，中心思想贯穿在全文中，考生必须具备一定的归纳概括能力才能选对答案。因此此类题属于难度题。主旨大意此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。其中一类题型为主旨问题。主旨大意题题干常

6、见的问句形式：1）主旨句设问类型What is the main idea of this passage? What does the passage mainly talk about?2）最佳标题选择类型The best title for this passage is 3）作者主旨意图类型What does the writer want to tell us?主旨大意题的解题方法：主旨大意题一定要注意文章的首尾两段。如果首尾两段的主旨表达是一致的，那么文章的主旨便是两段重复表明的语句内容表达。找出选项中与归纳的主旨表达重复最多的选项即为最佳答案。如果首尾两段的主旨表达不一致，则需要

7、观察文章的段落篇幅量是倾向于首段或是尾段，从而确定主旨段落。在此过程中，观察篇幅量只需跳读文章段落的首句尾句即可，无需细读段落内容，以节省时间。如果文章只有一段，则注意文章的首两句及尾句，然后用以上的方法确定主旨句。此外，标题选择即为主旨句的压缩表达，注意抓住主旨句进行主要词汇的提炼，把一个句子提炼为几个关键词，即是对主旨大意进行概括归纳的标题。而作者意图表达必须通过归纳中心主题才能找到，通常体现为advise，convince，present，propose，warn等。6. 词义猜测题词义猜测题要求考生根据上下文，构词法等猜测某个生词的词义或者对某个词语在特定语境中的意义进行猜测。词义猜测

8、是利用上下文语境对某些生词、难句做出推测和判断。该题旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇的能力，因而，所考单词的意义通常超出大纲范围。常见形式有：The word / phrase means / refers toFrom the passage，we can infer the word is closest in meaning toWhat does the word in paragraphmean?要做好此类题，要注意，第一要熟练掌握大纲单词，平时注意积累生词和短语。第二，要把词放到句子里，把句子放在句群里。第三，注意词、句的位置，确定结构关系。第四，要善于利用连词、代词及词性、同义词法

9、、反义词法等进行判断选择。课后练习In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.To remember 2016 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese school

10、s came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called “Dream（梦幻） World Cups ”in Japan .The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags（旗帜）of all the countries that will take part in th

11、e World Cup in Japan and South Korea. The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there.Are you a football fan（迷）？The World Cup maked more and more people interested in football Teenagers（青少年）like playing and watching football .Many of them lov

12、e some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favorite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have_.A. Many football fans B. a very good team C. m

13、any football playerD. a big playground2. The next World Cup will be held in_.A. 2016 B. C. D. 20203. From the passage ,in the picture children drew many things except_.A. people playing football B. pictures of some football stars C. a sunny sky D. flowers4. In “Dream World Cup”,the children drew the

14、 flags of some countries_.A. to show their love for their owe countryB. to tell the people their storiesC. to show their good wishes for the football teamsD. to show their new ideas about football5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because_.A. they are interested in football B.

15、they are football fansC. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C（B）In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artis .So he invented a very simple camera （照相机）.He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of hia garden .

16、That was the first photo.The next important date in the history of photography （摄影术） was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman ,took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly ,even the smallest thing.

17、 This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.Soon, other people began to use Daguerres way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photographers could take pictu

18、re of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the United States worked so hard.Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many picture of gread people .The picture

19、were unusual because they were very lifelike（栩栩如生的）Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century .Some photod were nor just cooies of the real world .They showed and feelings, like other kinds of art.6. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picturte of _A. his business B.

20、his house C. his garden D. his window7. The Daguerrotype was_.A. a FrenchmanB. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photographer8. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840j, he had to_.A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive cameraC. stop in most cities

21、 D. take many films and something else with him.9. Mathew Brady_.A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his unusual picturesC. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people10. This passage tells us_.A. how photography was developed B. how to show your ideas and feelings in picturesC. how t

22、o take pictures in the world D. how to use different cameras（C）Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van（住房汽车）A small car can hold（容纳）four persons an

23、d a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded（拥挤）. A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together.Mr.Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and bus

24、 a van. Their children sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases（衣箱）when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents home , the suitcases are brought into the two seats can then carry the grandparents.Americans call vans motor homes.

25、A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they

26、are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes.11. From the passage, a van is also called _.A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D. a big truck12. Before Mr. Hagen and his wife bought a van, they_.A. sold their old h

27、ouse B. moved to their grandparents houseC. built a new place for a van D. sold their second car13. A motor home is usually owned by a family with_.A. a baby B. much money C. more than two children D. interest in vans14. Americans usually use motor homer_.A. to travel with all the family members of

28、holidayB. to do some shopping with all the family membersC. to visit their grandparents at weekendsD. to drive their children to school every day15. Motor homes have become popular because_.A. they can take people to another city when people are freeB. they can let families have a happier life when

29、they go out for their holidaysC. some people think motor homes are cheapD. big families can put more things in motor homes（D）Surtsey was born in 1963.Scientists saw the birth of this island. It began at 7.30 a.m. on 14th November. A fishing boat was near Iceland. The boat moved under the captains（船长

30、）feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano（火山）was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of the sea. The island grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the next day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushing up. P