1、初中英语语法-状语从句小结 状语从句是一种作状语用的从句,修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句,补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。根据它表达的意思的不同,可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句等。时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、原因状语从句都是中考的重点。一、时间状语从句时间状语从句表示主句动作发生的时间,引导时间状语从句的连词有when, as, while, before, after, as soon as, till, until, since等。until 用于肯定句中,表示句子的动作一直持
2、续到until短语所表示的时间为止,即表示动作的终点。一般可译为“直到时(为止)”或“在以前”。在这种用法中,句子的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live, wait, last, love, like, stay, work, continue等。until用于否定句中,表示句子的动作直到until短语所表示的时间才开始发生,即表示动作的起点。一般译为“直到才”或“直到之前(还不 )”eg. It may last until Friday. 这可能要延续到星期五。用于否定句中:eg. The secret was never told until after the old ma
3、ns death.这个秘密在老人去世后才说出来。连词until以同样的方式分析作连词的until的用法。作连词用的until的英文释义是up to the time when(直到时为止)。作连词的until用于肯定句中,表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“直到为止”。在这种用法中,主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。eg. Heat can be conducted from a hot body to a cooler one until bo
4、th are at the same temperature.热可以从一个热的物体传到一个较冷的物体,直到两者温度相同为止。作连词的until用于否定句中 , 表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生,或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到才”。eg. I hadnt realized she was foreign until she spoke. 她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人。since作连词引导时间状语从句的用法:一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时,则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如:eg. He has studied
5、very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校,他学习就非常努力。二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时,则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。eg. I havent heard any noise since I slept.Sleep为持续性动词,sleep的动作结束时,即“醒来”时,这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a t
6、eacher.约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约,他不当教师已经三年了。while表示“正当 时”; (指同时)用于同时进行的两延续性动作相伴随而发生,常对同类的两动作进行对比。eg. Please write while I read. 我念的时候,请写下来。when表示“当 . 时:可表示瞬间、时间段,与主从句所述动作、事情可同时,也可有先后。例:eg. It was snowing when we got to the airport. 我们到达机场时,天正下着雪。(同时发生)。as当时,强调at the same time 不指先后,而指同时发生,尤指短动作或事件同时发生,eg. I look
7、ed; someone came here. 正当我看的时候,有个人走过来。 as不可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。eg. As I get older, I get more optimistic. 随着年龄变大我变得更加乐观。as、when、while都可引导时间较长的同时发生的“背景”情况。eg. As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of a shop.当我顺着马路往前走的时候,我发现一家商店前停着一辆警车。注意:1. 在以as soon as, until, wh
8、en等引导的时间状语从句中,通常用一般现在时,而主句用将来时。2. since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句常用完成时,并且动词用延续性动词。二、条件状语从句条件状语从句表示主句动作发出的前提或条件、假想、推测等,条件状语从句通常由连词if, unless等引导。eg. Ill help you with your English if I am free tomorrow. 如果我明天有空,我就帮你学英语。He wont be late unless he is ill. 他不会迟到的,除非他生病了。注意:在if, unless等词引导的条件状语从句,主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,从句的
9、谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来的含义。三、目的状语从句目的状语从句表示主句的动作发生的目的或愿望,可用so that, that, in order that等词引导。目的状语动词中常有情态动词may/might, can/could, should或will/would.eg. He visited London in order that he could see his parents.He visited London so that he could see his parents. 为了看望父母他来到了伦敦。School was closed early in order tha
10、t the children might get home ahead of the storm. 学校早放学,为的是让孩子们在暴风雨前到家。四、结果状语从句结果状语从句表示主句的动作所引起的结果,可以用sothat, suchthat等引导。eg. The burglar wore gloves, so that there were no fingerprints found. 窃贼带着手套,所以没有发现指纹。He spoke so quickly that only a few students could follow him. 他讲话太快,只有几个学生能听懂。The house is
11、 so expensive that very few people can afford it. 房子价格太贵,很少有人买得起。He was so good a runner that nobody could catch him. 他是跑步的能手,没人能赶上他。It is such a good chance that we mustnt miss it. 如此好的机会我们绝不能错过。It is such nice weather that I dont like to stay at home. 天气这么好,我不愿呆在家里。辨析:sothat和suchthatsothat和suchtha
12、t的意思均为“如此以致”,都用来引导结果状语从句。但二者用法不尽相同,现归纳如下:1. sothat结构中的so为副词,后面跟形容词或副词;suchthat中的such为形容词,后面接名词(名词前可以有形容词修饰)。eg. He became so angry that he couldnt speak.他变得很生气,以致说不出话来。It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.那是一个很晴朗的日子,我们出去散步。2. 当that前的名词有表示数量多少的many, much, few, little等修饰时,只能用so,不能用such.e
13、g. There was so much noise outside that we couldnt hear the teacher.外面嘈杂声很大,以致我们不能听到老师的话。He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他跌了这么多的跤,以致全身青一块、紫一块的。注意:若名词前的little解释为“小(的)”意思时,则仍用such, 而不能用so.eg. They are such little sheep that they cant run fast.它们是小绵羊,以至于它们跑得不快。3. 当that前是单数可数名词且
14、该名词前面有形容词修饰时,so与such可以互换,即:soadj.a/ann.sucha/anadj.n.eg.She is so good a teacher that we all love her.She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一位好老师,我们都爱她。4. 当that前是不可数名词或复数可数名词时,则必须用such,不能用so来代替。eg. It was such fine weather that they all went swimming. 那是个好天气,他们都去游泳了。They are such nice ap
15、ples that we would like to eat them. 它们是如此好的苹果,以致我们想吃它们。五、原因状语从句原因状语从句由because, as, for, since等引导。eg. We couldnt walk very fast because the road was very slippery. 因为路滑我们走不快。As shes been ill, perhaps shell need some help. 她由于生病可能需要些帮助。Since youre not interested, I wont tell you about it. 既然你不感兴趣,那我就不告诉你。辨析:because, since, as和for1. because语气最强,表示直接原因,可用于回答 why 提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等,而其余三者均不行。
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