初中英语语法专题讲解(可用作中考英语一轮专题复习)：初中语法定语从句.docx

1、定语从句一、定语的概念：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如： (先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语)a beautiful girl（ ）a shoe factory（ ） Jims father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car （ ）the man standing at the door（ ） the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1定语从句：2. 定语从句的主要特征：在句中起定语作用，相当于形容词，修饰某一代词或名词或整个主句的从句。1. 先行词

2、 (Antecedent)：定语从句所修饰的词。2. 关系词 (Relatives) ：连接主句与从句的词并在定语从句中充当某一句子成分。3.定语从句所缺句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、状语。 The girl （先行词）who （关系词）stands under the tree is my sister.三、定语从句的基本用法：（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。分析：先行词the boys 在从句中作主语。 Thos

3、e who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。You neednt talk t

4、o the people who you dont like talking to. 分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。2whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting fo

5、r has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 。分析：先行词_引导词在从句中作_。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 译成汉语：_分析：

6、先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。I lost the book whose cover was blue. 我把那本封面是蓝色的书弄丢了。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。We live in a house whose windows face the south. 译成汉语:_注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book

7、whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 自己总结一下：在定语从句中，whose + 名词 _ 4which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句

8、中作_。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 译成汉语:_分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 译成汉语：_分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interestin

9、g at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。5that 引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看

10、到的那个人在哪儿？分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that /_ came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳(二) 关系副词引导的定语从句1when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用in/on/at +which代替。 I still remember

11、 the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。把这个句子改成两个简单句：_分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。Do you rem

12、ember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？把这个句子改成两个简单句：_分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。常可用in/on/at which代替。Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。把这个句子改成两个简单句：_分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。把这个句子改成两个简单句：_分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。分析