高中英语语法句子的种类Word格式.docx

1、 What good news it is!多好的消息啊！（二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：1）简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。2）并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。 The food was good, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。3）复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复

2、合句，从句由从属连词引导。 The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。（三）基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：1） 主 + 动（SV）例如：I work.我工作。2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如：John is busy.约翰忙。3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如：She studies English.她学英语。4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如：Time would prove me r

3、ight. 时间会证明我是对的。5）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。1 祈使句结构 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。1）祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do （但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）。 Take this seat. 坐这儿。 Do be careful. 务必小心。 否定结构： Dont move. 不准动。t be late. 不要迟到。2）第二种祈使句以let开头。 Let 的反意疑问句： a. Lets 包括说话者。 Lets have a

4、nother try, shall we / shant we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次，如何？ b. Let us 不包括说话者。 Let us have another try，will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次，好吗？ Lets not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。 Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事。2 感叹句结构 感叹句通常有what, how引导，表

5、示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！What +名词+陈述语序。What noise they are making! 他们真吵！What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。What a clever boy he is!What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。What wonderful id

6、eas （we have）! 我们的主意真棒！What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！的省略形式为：What a clever boy!典型例题1）_ food youve cooked!A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How nice D. What nice 答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词，副词；what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C的 How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. （不可数）。2）_terrible weat

7、her weve been having these days!A. What B. What aC. How D. How a 答案A. weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。3） - _ I had! - You really suffered a lot.A. What a timeB. What time C. How a time D. how time 答案A.感叹句分两类：1：What + n.+主谓部分 2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了b

8、ad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。3 强调句结构 常用的强调句结构是it 引导的句子，结构为It is（was）+ 被强调部分+ that （who） + 句子的其余部分。此结构强调的成分限于主语，宾语和状语。 It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。 It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 知道读了你的信，我才知道实际情形。1）It was

9、last night _ I see the comet.A.the timeB.when C.thatD.which 答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that （who）+ 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 who，其余用that。再如：原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强

10、调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening. 强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. （注意不用when） 强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening. 2）It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. thatB

11、. when C. since D. as 答案C. 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 It isthat，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。4 用助动词进行强调 句子的强调句还可以用助动词do （did，does） 强调谓语。 She does like this horse.她的确喜欢这匹马。 Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。5 反意疑问句 1）陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部

12、分要用 arent I。 Im as tall as your sister, arent I? 我跟你姐一样高，对吗？2）陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话，行吗？3）陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。Some plants never blown （开花）, do they ? 有些植物从不开花，对吗？4）含有ought to 的反意疑问句

13、，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。 He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldn 他应该知道该做什么，对吗？5）陈述部分有have to +v. （had to + v.），疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗？6）陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usedn He used to take pictures there, d

14、idn / usedn 他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？7）陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn 例如： Youd better read it by yourself, hadn 你最好自己去读，好吗？8）陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗？9）陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnd like to go with me, wouldn 你想和我们一块去，对吗？1

15、0） 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。 He must be a doctor, isn 他肯定是医生，是吗？ You must have studied English for three years, haven / didn 你一定读过三年英语，对吗？ He must have finished it yesterday, didn 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的，是吗？11） 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。 What colors, arent they? 多漂亮的颜色，是吗？12） 陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部

16、分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师，我也不是，对吗？13） 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。 Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切就绪，是吗？14） 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况： a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in

17、 China now, shouldn 史密斯先生曾几次去过北京，按理说他现在应该在中国，是吗？ b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。 He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn 他说他想去日本看看，他是那样说的吗？ c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称，谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。 I dont think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明，是吗？ We believe she can d

18、o it better, cant she? 我们相信她能做得更好，她能吗？15） 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。 Everyone knows the answer, don（does he?） 人人都知道答案，是这样吧？ Nobody knows about it, do they? （does he?） 没人知道这件事，是吧？16） 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need （dare ） +主语。 We need not do it ag

19、ain, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍，是吗？ He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说，是吗？ 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。 She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家，是吗？17） 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。t do that again, will you? 别再这样做，好吗？ Go with me, will you / wont you ? 跟我走吧，好吗？注意：Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we? Le

20、t us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?s go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐，好吗？ Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你让我们在阅览室等你，好吗？18） 陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。 There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? 你的表有问题，对不对？ There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧，是吗？19

21、） 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。 It is impossible, isn 这不可能，是吗？ He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏，是吗？20） must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。 He must be there now, isn 他现在肯定在那儿，是吧？ It must be going to rain tomorrow, won 明天肯定要下雨，是吗？6 反意疑问句练习1.Youd rather watch TV this evening, _?a. isnt it b. ha

22、dnt you c. wouldnt you d. wont you2.I suppose youre not going today, _?a. are you b. do you c. dont you d. arent you3.I wish to shake hands with you, _?a. shall b. may I c. do I d. will I 4.Three hours ought to be enough time, _?a. oughtnt three hours b. didnt they c. shouldnt it d. shouldnt three h

23、ours5.They have to study a lot, _?a. dont they b. havent they c. did they d. hadnt they6.When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, _ ?a. didnt he b. did he c. did it d. didnt it7.Im sure dirty, _?a. am I b. isnt I c. arent I d. am not I 8.You seem to be dissatisfied with your present po

24、st. I dont think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, _ you?a. do b. did c. dont d. didnt 9.Thats the sort of the book you want, _?a. is it d. isnt that c. is that d. isnt it10.All these dictionaries are a great help to you, _?a. are they b. arent they c. are all these dictio

25、naries d. arent all these dictionaries11.The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting, _?a. wasnt it b. was it c. didnt we d. werent we12.Tom has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now, _?a. hasnt he b. has he c. shouldnt he d. didnt youDavid told me tha

26、t you would take a trip to America, _?a. would you b. wouldnt you c. did you d. didnt you14.There appeared to be no better way, _?a. was there b. were there c. did there d. didnt there15.You has some trouble finding where I live, _?a. didnt you b. hadnt you c. do I d. dont I 16.He has his hair cut e

27、very month, _?a. has he b. hasnt he c. does he d. doesnt he 17.Your friend needs to come earlier, _?a. does he b. doesnt he c. need he d. neednt he18.The little boy dare not go to church, _?a. dare he b. darent he c. does he d. doesnt he 19.Susand have worked abroad if shed had the chance, _?a. has she b. hadnt she c. would she d. wouldnt she20.Everyones having a good time, _?a. is he b. isnt everyone c. does he d. arent they21.Any one can join th