中西方肢体语言的比较研究Word文件下载.docx

1、AcknowledgementsFirst of all, my appreciation goes to my affectionate parents, and the rest of my family. Throughout the development of this paper, they have been there and always giving me continuous support, encouragement and understanding. Their love and support encourage me to make progress all

2、the time.I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to all other teachers who gave me lectures during the past three academic years. I have benefited so much not only from their courses and lectures but also from their constant encouragement. My sincere thanks should go to my students and friends

3、 around, for their constant encouragement and support throughout the course of the research.Finally, I must show my gratitude to my supervisor Ms. Lu Li, whose helpful suggestions have contributed greatly to the completion of this thesis. I owe her special thanks for providing me precious advice and

4、 suggestion that this papers appears in the present form.AbstractBody language is an important part of nonverbal communication and it is connected with culture. In order to make successful cross-cultural communication, we should know the body language from the perspective of cultures. Body language,

5、 like verbal communication and culture, has many similarities all over the world. However, body language from different cultures also has many differences because of different regions, races and cultural customs. And it is restricted by its culture and has different cultural connotations. That is to

6、 say, the same body language has different meanings in different cultures and has different social functions. This article devotes to a comparison and contrast of body language in different cultures in terms of eye language, gestures, postures, facial expressions and touch. It aims to illustrate the

7、 differences and similarities of body language and put forward the principles of reducing barriers in communication so as to achieve efficient communication and to avoid misunderstanding.Key words: Body Language in China and west countries; Cultural connotations; cross-cultural communication 摘 要肢体语言

8、是非言语沟通的重要部分并与文化紧密相连。为了能成功的进行跨文化交流，我们应该明白肢体语言在不同文化中的意义。就像语言和文化一样，肢体语言也有一些是全球通用的。然而在不同地区，种族和文化习俗中肢体语言的意义也不一样。也就是说，同一个肢体动作在不同的文化和社会背景下会有不同的意思。本文致力于比较眼睛、手势、姿势、面部表情和接触等不同的肢体语言在不同文化中的意义，目的是解释其产生的原因，加深人们对两种不同文化的理解，促进中西文化的交流，避免跨文化交际中的误会。关键词：中西方肢体语言；文化根源；跨文化交际ContentsIntroduction.1.The concept of body langua

9、ge.21.1 Classification of body language.21.2 Eye contact.31.3 Smile and laughter.3. Some gestures which have difference connotations in China and western countries.4. Some gestures which have the same meaning in China and Western countries.4. Some gestures which have no equivalents in other cultures

10、.5. Cultural roots for the difference of gestures.55.1 Different customs.55.2 Different religion beliefs.65.3 Different history.6. Body language in practice.7.The consequences of wrong interpretation of gestures.7ConclusionIntroduction Human communication consists of verbal communication and nonverb

11、al communication. Nonverbal communication plays a very important role in the whole communication. Some experts say more than 60 percent of communication comes from nonverbal behaviors, such as facial expression, posture and so on. These nonverbal behaviors always have many meaning. Body language is

12、an important part of nonverbal communication, and thus article intends to present its meaning and talk it briefly so that we can improve our communication skills and abilities by understanding it well. Body language is known as non-verbal behavior which transmits information through gestures, action

13、s and facial expressions. But in different cultures body language means the different things. Different people have different ways of making nonverbal communication. Understanding the different cultural implication of English and Chinese body language can promote peoples cross-cultural communication

14、 competence, reinforce the heart-to-heart understanding and in the end will benefit the communication between English and Chinese people. People can communicate with each other through not only verbal communication but also nonverbal communication. Moreover, the latter plays an essential role in hum

15、an communication. Nonverbal communication is connected with cultures and it is the result of cultures. But many people pay great attention to the acceptance and correctness of the verbal communication and overlook the influence and cultural difference of nonverbal communication. Then the misundersta

16、nding and cultural crash often occur in the cross-cultural communication. So in the process of communication, it is not a complete communication while ignoring the cultural differences of nonverbal communication. The concept of body language “Nonverbal communication is a process in which communicato

17、rs use the natural features of their bodies to deliver information and express specific meaning instinctively to the other communicator.”4:90People communicate with each other by their body language in the ways of nodding, waving, eye contacting, shrugging and so on. As we know, in a certain traditi

18、on, body language is determined by its customs and traditions. .On the other hand, the meanings of body language in a certain culture are developing and changing. We intend to make a comparison and contrast of the similarities and differences on body language in order to avoid misunderstanding and m

19、ake efficient communication.In general sense, the study of body language began in 1950s. And during 1970s, the study of body language entered a fully developing period. From the late of 1970s to the early period of 1980s, body language contained more contents, and had a great influence on the other

20、fields. And Doctor R.L.Bird Whitell is the reprehensive of study of body language. His research indicated: eyebrows could change for 23 positions and people could make 250,000 different facial expressions. And psychologist David Aberconbie also pointed out: we speak with verbal organs but we talk wi

21、th our body. A famous anthropologist E.T.Hall pointed out “Silent language expresses more information than verbal language. Because it contains much information.” According to some researchers abroad, in peoples daily life, nonverbal communication takes part over 65% in all of information exchange.

22、And body language is an important part of nonverbal communication. Many experts have shown the importance of body language in the cross-cultural communication. “A psychologist proposed a formula: the total impact of message = 7% verbal + 38% vocal +55% facial expressions and behavior.” 6:89 Usually

23、body language occurs unconsciously. Yet the body language we used extent the quality of our communication. And it is important to note that body language has different meanings in different cultures. How we can interpret body language depends on the situation, the culture, the relationship we have w

24、ith the person. In other words, there is no one signal that has the same meaning all over the world. As well as that, various body language signs can complement each other to make a particular meaning crystal clear or strengthen the meaning of what we communicate.1.1 Classification of body language

25、Body language contains eye language, gestures, postures, facial expressions, manners and behaviors and touch and so on. Gesture, as another important part of body language, means we communicate and express by the movement and manners of our hands and fingers. In our daily life, every one makes gestu

26、res, but many gestures have distinct regional and cultural features. “Gesture means we communicate and express by the movement and manners of our hands and fingers.”7:123Facial expression is the most expressive part of the body. Its capable of conveying emotions. Different cultures have many differe

27、nt or same facial expressions. Laughing means happiness and crying indicates sadness.Eye contact, English dramatist “Shakespeare said, There is language in her eye, her cheek, her lip. The Chinese saying goes, The eye is the window of the soul.” From these two sentences, people can see that eye cont

28、act is quite important in their interaction.“Posture is a matter of how people sit, walk, stand and move.” Posture refers to the general way people carry their body, especially the back, shoulders and head while standing, lying, etc. It offers insight into a cultures deep structure and often reflect

29、s a persons attitude toward people he/she is with.8:581.2 Eye contact Eye contact is an important aspect of body language; it is not quite the same in China and English-speaking countries. In conversations with people who know each other, American custom demands that there should be eye contact. Thi

30、s applies to both the speaker and the listener. For either one not to look at the other person could imply a number of things, among which are fear, contempt, uneasiness, guilt, indifference, even in public speaking there should be plenty of eye contact. For a speaker to “burry his nose in his manuscript”, to read a speech instead of looking at and talking to hid audience, as some Chinese speakers are in the habit of doing, would be regarded as inconsiderate and disrespectful. In Juliets Fasters book “Body Language”, there is a paragraph which can explain the problem. “Two strangers