人教版初一英语各单元语法知识点汇总表Word文档格式.docx

1、 Whos she? Shes my sister. This/That is my friend Jane. These/Those are my brothers.Unit 3 Is this your pencil?v Possessive pronouns 物主代词 mine, yours, his, hersv yes/no questions and short answers一般疑问句与简短回答 Is this your pencil? Yes, it is. Its mine. Are these your books? No, they arent. Theyre hers.

2、Unit 4 Wheres my schoolbag?v Where questionv Prepositions 介词 on, in, underv Conjunction 连词 and Wheres his pencil box?s in his schoolbag. Wheres your ruler?s under the chair. Where are my books? Theyre on the sofa.Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?v Present tense 一般现在时 to havev Affirmative & negative

3、statements 肯定&否定句v Adj. of quality 质量的形容词v Conj. 连词but Do you have a ping-pong bat？ Yes, I do. /No，I dont. I have a ping-pong ball. Does she have a tennis ball? No, she doesnt. She has a baseball.Unit 6 Do you like bananas?v Present tense 一般现在时 to likev Countable/uncountable nouns 可数&不可数名词 Do you li

4、ke salad? Yes, I do. /No, I dont. He likes ice-cream. He doesnt like vegetables.Unit 7 How much are these socks?v How much 疑问句 How much is the hat?s five dollars How much is this/that T-shirt?s seven dollars How much are these/those socks? Theyre two dollars.Unit 8 When is your birthday?v When 疑问句v

5、Possessives 所有格 When is your birthday? My birthday is on May 2nd. When is her birthday? Its in August. When is Sallys birthday party?s on October 5th.Unit 9 My favorite subject is sciencev What/why/ when/ who questions 疑问句s your favorite subject? My favorite subject is P.E. Why do you like P.E.? Bec

6、ause its fun.s your P.E. teacher? Mr.Hu. When is your geography class?s on Friday.Pronunciation英语语音音素英语共有44个音素,其中元音20个,辅音24个,另外还有四个辅音连缀（/ts/,/dz/,/tr/,/dr/）。英语辅音和元音的作用相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。记录英语音素符号叫做音标,音标放在两条斜线（/）内,以免和字母混淆。元音（20个）长元音 /:/ /:/ /:/ /i:/ /U:/ 短元音 / / / / / /e/ / /e/ /a/ / 双元音 / /e/ / / /a/ 辅音（28

7、个）轻辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ / /s/浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / /z/轻辅音 / /h/ /ts/ /t/ /tr/ 浊辅音 / /r/ /dz/ /d/ /dr/鼻音 /m/ /n/ / 半元音 /j/ / w/ 边音 / 新旧英语国际音标对照表Vowels元音新i:e:u:旧i:u:eIaIIaIeeiaiiuauiuConsonants辅音无变化pbtdkgfvszmnlrhwjtdtrdrtsdzGrammar一、词类（Parts of Speech）词类英语名称意义例词名词Noun（n,）表示人或事物的名称Pencil，people，fruit，te

8、nnis冠词Article（art.）用于名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物a（an）,the代词Pronoun（pron.）用于代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句或句子等We,that,hers,what形容词Adjective（adj.）用于修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征red,happy,difficult,busy数词Number（num.）表示数量或顺序six,thirteen,first,twentieth动词Verb（v.）表示动作或状态be（am,is,are）,have,like,go副词Adverb（adv.）用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词not,too,always,onl

9、y,here介词Preposition（prep.）表示名词、代词等与句子其他词的关系in,on,under,of连词Conjunction（conj.）用于连接词与词 、短语与短语或句与句and,or,but,because,when感叹词Interjection（interj.）表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感oh,hello,well,please二、名词（ Nouns）名词是指人或事物的名称。1.总的来说,名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称,如:Gina, China。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。2.名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词

10、。可数名词有复数形式,: an apple, two apples,a bag, some bags。不可数名词一般没有复数形式,如:milk,bread,rice。还有一些词既可以充当可数名词,也可以充当不可数名词,如: Ice-cream,salad, chicken3.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词的复数形式的规则如下:类别构成方法读音一般情况在词尾加-s ，book-books /buks/desk-desks /desks/bag-bags /bgz/ game-games /geimz/ key-keys /ki:z/清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音和元音后读/z/以s、x、ch、sh

11、等结尾的词在词尾加-esbus【公交车】-buses /bsiz/ box【盒子】-boxes /bksiz/fish鱼-fishes /fiiz/watch-watches /wtiz/-es读/iz/.以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i，再加-es。family-familiesBaby【婴儿】-babies party【派对】-parties strawberry【草莓】-strawberries-ies读/iz/以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为ves。knife刀，life生命，wife妻子，self自己，leaf叶子，thief贼，half一半，wolf狼，-ves读/vz/以“辅音字母+

12、o”结尾的词有生命的加-es，无生命的加-spotato土豆-potatoes，tomato番茄-tomatoes， hero英雄-heroes；无生命的photo-photos,照片piano-pianos钢琴-es读/z/-s读/z/以“元音字母+o” 结尾的词加-sradio-radios, zoo-zoos常见的不规则变化有：man-men男人 woman-women 女人 foot-feet脚 mouse-mice老鼠 child-children孩子 deer-deer 鹿 sheep-sheep绵羊 ；peoplepeople人们；Chinese- Chinese中国人 ；Jap

13、anese- Japanese日本人；Englishman-Englishmen英国人；Frenchman-Frenchmen法国人；American- Americans美国人；表示某国人的名词复数的助记口诀：中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面。4. 名词所有格（possessive case of nouns）表示所属关系，它的构成方法如下：单数加s ，Mikes/maiks/ baseballKates/keits/model planeYour fathers birthday在/s/,/z/,/,/t/等音后读/iz/复数名词不以-s结尾 加sChildrens day 以-s结尾 加Y

14、our grandparents room读音不变注：以-s结尾的单数名词或人名的所有格的构成是在其后加s,所有格读作/iz/,如：the actresss/ktrsz/.三、冠词（Articles）冠词是置于名词之前,说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词包括定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词三类1. 定冠词（the）:the通常有明确的所指,即以说话人和听话人已知的人或事物为前提,可与单数可数名词、复数可数名词或不可数名词放在一起使用。例如: The white model plane is hers. Where are the keys? The milk is o

15、n the table.定冠词the在辅音前读/,在元音前读/,特别调时,可读作/。2.不定冠词（a/an）: a/an有不确定的意义,即所说的人或事物对听者或读者来说可能是不知道的,其中an放在以元音开头的名词前面,如 an apple。不定冠词只能与单数可数名词结合,基本含义有“该类中的一例”、“只有一个”、“每一个”等。 Do you have a volleyball?s an orange. I take the medicine twice a day。3.零冠词:即不使用冠词。一般来说,在复数可数名词、不可数名词或专有名词前不使用冠词。 Hamburgers are not he

16、althy. I like ice-cream. My friend is in China四、代词（ Pronouns）1. 人称代词（ Personal Pronouns）人称复数主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称you第三人称hehimtheythemsheherit2.物主代词（ Possessive Pronouns）物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,置于名词之前做定语。如: my name, your birthday, their parents。名词性物主代词相当于名词,不能用于名词前,说话时要加重语气。A

17、:Is this your green pen? B: No, it isnt. The blue pen is mine. 人称数形容词性物主代词myyourhis her itsourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshis hers itsourstheirs含义我的你的他/她/它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的3.指示代词（demonstrative pronouns）:表示“这个”、“那个”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。指示代词用法例句this（these）用于指时间或空间上较近的事物Is this your pencil?These are his brothers.T

18、hese yellow socks are good.that（those）用于指时间或空间上 较远的事物That dictionary is Helens.How much is that white bag?Are those your parents?5、数词（numerals）1. 基数词（Cardinal numbers）:基数词表示数目的多少。one 1two 2three 3four 4five 5Six 6Seven 7Eight 8Nine 9Ten 10Eleven 11Twelve 12Thirteen 13Fourteen 14Fifteen 15Sixteen 16S

19、eventeen 17Eighteen 18Nineteen 19Twenty 20Twenty-one 21Twenty-two 22Thirty 30Forty 40Fifty 50Sixty 60Seventy 70Eighty 80Ninety 90One hundred 100One hundred and one 101Two hundred 2002. 序数词（Ordinal numbers）序数词表示事物的先后顺序，往往与定冠词the连用。first 1stsecond 2ndthird 3rdfourth 4thfifth 5thSixth 6thSeventh 7thEig

20、hth 8thNinth 9thTenth 10thEleventh 11thTwelfth 12thThirteenth 13thFourteenth 14thFifteenth 15thSixteenth 16thSeventeenth 17thEighteenth 18thNineteenth 19thTwentieth 20thTwenty-first 21stTwenty-second 22ndThirtieth 30thFortieth 40thFiftieth 50thSixtieth 60thSeventieth 70thEightieth 80thNinetieth 90th

21、hundredth 100thOne hundred and first 101st六、一般现在时（ Simple Present Tense）一般现在时可表示现在的状态,例如: Im twelve. Wheres the schoolbag? I have three ping-pong balls and two ping- pong bats.还可表示经常的或习惯性的动作,例如Wheres my schoolbag?”Gina always asks. I dont play sportsI only watch them on TV。亦可表示主语具备的性格和能力等,例如: Bill l

22、ikes beef. but he doesnt like chicken。谓语动词在一般现在时中的使用情况如下:1.动词be（ Verb to be）连系动词be是表示谓语关系的动词,它的后面必须加表语（通常为名词、形容词或介词短语）。在一般现在时中,be动词有三种形式:am（用在第一人称单数,即I后）, is （用在第三人称单数,即he,she,it后）,are （用在第二人称you以及第一、三人称复数（we,they后）。含有be动词的一般现在时的疑问句是将be动词提到句首,否定句是在be动词后加not,见下表:肯定式否定式疑问式和简略答语I am.You areHe/ She/It i

23、s.We/You/They are.I am not.You are not.He/ She/It is not.We/You/They are not.Am I.?Yes, you are.No, you are not.Are we.?Yes, we /you are.No, we/you are not.Are you.?Yes, I am.No, I am notAre you?Yes, we are.No, we are not.Is he/she/it.?Yes, he/she/it is.No, he/she/it is notAre they?yes, they are.No, they are not.在口语中经常使用的缩略形式如下：其他Im=I amyoure-=you arehes=he isshes= she isIts= it isWere= we aretheyre= they arearent= are notisnt= is notthats= that iswhats what i