英语语法精华文档格式.docx

1、过去将来进行时would/should be doing完成时态现在完成时have/has donehave/has been done过去完成时had donehad been done将来完成时will/shall have donewill/shall have been done过去将来完成时would/should have donewould/should have been done完成进行时态现在完成进行时have/has been doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来完成进行时will/shall have been doing过去将来完成进行时would

2、/should have been doing主动态：用于主动句中，它表示主语是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者。通常如果主动句中谓语动词是及物动词时，主动句可转换成被动句。被动态：用于被动句中，它表示主语是谓语动词所表示动作的承受者。用于被动的情况：1、by短语（by+动作执行者）；2、不知道、不必知道或不愿说出动作的执行者；3、用于表示“据说”、“据信”、“据报道”、“据估计”、“众所周知”、“必须指出”、等句子，使语气更加委婉。一般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数（复数形式）用法：、表示现在动作或状态例句：1.I agree with you.2.He works in a hospital.3

3、.-Are you a student? -Yes,I am.4.There is a book on the desk.5.This book is written by Mr.Chen.（被动）6.It is said that there is plenty of oil off our coast（沿海）.（被动）7.It must be pointed out that China is a development country.（被动）、经常性或习惯性的动作（与频度副词always,usually,frequently,regularly,rarely,seldom,never,

4、sometimes）1.We always care for each other and help each other.2.I usually get up at 6:00 every morning.3.He drinks heavily.4.He rarely rains here.5.Films are often shown in our university.（被动）、普遍真理或客观事实1.The earth move round the Sun.2.China lies in the east of Asia.3.Practice makes perfect.（熟能生巧）4.A

5、 friend in need is a friend indeed.（患难朋友才是真正朋友）5.Cars are driven with engines（发动机）.（被动）、表示将来要发生的动作I、用于陈述句（谓语动词是begin,start,come,go,arrive,leave,depart,return,retire,stay,stop,end,open,close及be动词等时，可表示规定、计划或安排要发生的事情，通常与表示将来的时间状语连用）1.The meeting begins tomorrow.2.The train arrives at 2:30 p.m and leav

6、es at 3:00 p.m.3.The match takes place on Sunday.4.He retires（退休） next month.5.Tomorrow is Saturday.6.Who speaks next.II、用于时间状语从句（通常由when,as,after,before,till/untill,as soon as等连词引导）1.Ill come and see you when I have time.2.Ill write to you after I leave Shanghai.3.Is mother going to leave before we

7、 get back?4.He will stay here untill/till you come.5.We will start as soon as you are ready.III、用于条件状语从句（通常由if,unless,in case,so long as等连词引导）1.We can catch the bus if we hurry up.2.If the weather permits,well go for a picnic tomorrow.3.I wont write to him unless he writes to me.4.You will fail unle

8、ss you work harder.、一般现在时还可以用于：1.报刊、杂志新闻标题或小说章节题目；2.剧情介绍或广播电视解说词；3.舞台表演、体育比赛等现场解说。一般过去时（动词过去式）1、过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（通常与表示过去的时间状语连用）1.I met her yesterday.2.He worked in that bank for five years.3.I saw him ten minutes ago.4.-Did you hear Mary sing just now? No,I didnt.5.That bridge was built in 1980.（被动）

9、、过去经常性或习惯性动作（只适用于动态供词和would,可与often,alaways等频度副词连用）1.I uesd to go to the movies when I was young.2.We often did morning exercises when we were young.3.She always carrled（撑着） an unbrella.4.He never drank wine.5.At that time this kind of work was always done by men.（被动）6.While having breakfest,he woul

10、d read newspapers in those days.、表示委婉语气（一般用于want,hope,think,wonder等词）1.I hope you could atend the opening ccremony（开幕式）.2. Did you want to see me?3.I thought I might come and see you this evening.4.I wondered if you could lend me your pen.、表示虚拟语气一般将来时（will/shall+动词原形）shall用于第一人称、将要发生的动作或状态（通常要与表示将来的

11、时间状语连用）1.We will/shall arrive this afternoon.2.-Will you be busy tonigh? -Yes,I will.3.He wont come to the party next week.4.When will you be able to give us an answer?5.Spring will come again.6.The conference（会议） will be held tomorrow.（被动）、表示一种倾向或习惯性动作1.Crops（庄稼） will die without water.2.Whenever h

12、e has time,he will come and see us.be going to+动词原形与be to+动词原形也可表示将要发生的动作或情况。be going to+动词原形（表示打算或准备要做的事或即将肯定要发生的事）i、I am going to buy a house.ii、She isnt going to meet him at the station.iii、Is he going to leature in English?iv、Who is going to speak first?v、She is going to have a baby.vi、Look at t

13、hese clouds!It is going to rain.be to+动词原形（表示按计划安排即将发生的事或表示指示、命令、禁止或征求意见）i、This railway is to be opened to traffic next month.（被动）ii、The Prime Minister（首相） is to make a statement（声明） tomorrow.iii、You are to deliver these invitations before ten.（指示、命令）iv、You are not to tell him anything about our pla

14、ns.（禁止）v、Am I to go on with the work?（征询）其他固定结构i、Look out!The train is about to move.ii、Look!The match is on the point of starting.iii、The guests are due to arrive next week.现在进行时（主动：am/are/is doing 被动：am/are/is being done）、表示现在（说话时）正在进行的动作1.The students are making an experiment now.2.I am not doing

15、 my homework.3.It is raining now.4.Who/Whom are you waiting for?5.-What are you doing now? I am watching TV.6.A power station is being built there.（被动）2、表示现阶段（暂时）正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）1.We are attending a conference these days.2.Prof.Zhang is writing a book on ecology（生态）.3.He is a teacher of physics,b

16、ut he is now teaching mathematics.4.These days a number of things are being dealt with by Robert.（被动）5.Dont take that ladder away.Your father is using it.3、表示不断重复的习惯性动作（常和always,continually等频度副词连用）1.He is always helping people.2.It is always raining.3.She is continually changing clothes.4.Our burgla

17、r alarm（防盗报警器） is forever going off for no reason.4、表示渐进的过程（只适用于某些表示转变的动词）1.His hair is turning grey.2.People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days.3.I am forgetting my French because I never speak it.4.When spring comes,the days are getting longer and the lights shorter.、表示即将发生的动作（按现在计划或

18、安排要发生的动作，常带有将来的时间状语，通常只适用于go,come,arrive,leave,start,stop,meet,play,do,work,give,take,have,stay,spend,join,publish,（see）等少量动词）1.The train is arriving soon.2.He is leaving in a few days.3.I am seeing him tomorrow.4.Im having dinner with her tonight.过去进行时（主动：was/were doing被动：was/were being done）、表示过去某

19、个时刻或阶段正在发生的动作（通常要用表达过去时间状语表示）1.When I arrived,Tom was taking on the telephone.2.They were discussing a work plan when I went in.3.What were you doing this time yesterday?4.In those years we were having a hard time.5.The wind was no longer blowing,but it was still drizzling（下雨）.6.The machine was bein

20、g repaired last month.（被动）、表示过去不断重复的动作（常与always,continually连用，表示赞美厌烦）1.She was forever complaining about something.2.He was always borrowing money and forgetting to pay it back.3.They were always ringing me up when they lived here.4.When he worked in factory,Robert was continually making mistakes.、表

21、示客气请求1.I was wondering if you could give me a lift（搭车）.2. I was hoping you could send me some books.、在故事、传说、自传、报道等文体中表示背景Last night,I was reading a newspaper.Suddenly,there was a knock at the door.将来进行时（will/shall be doing（无被动）、表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作（一般和特定表示时间状语连用）1.We will be having teaching practice next

22、 week.2.They will be taking an examination this time tomorrow.3.I will be seeing a friend off the day after tomorrow.4.We will be having a meeting from 2 to 4 this afternoon.5.What will you be doing in the evening?、表示单纯未来（不带情感色彩）1.I will be working on this tomorrow.2.You will be woring here.3.Mike w

23、ont be buying this car.4.Will she be joining us for dinner?5.What shall we doing next?现在完成时（主动：have/has done被动：have/has been done）、从过去持续到现在（并可能继续持续下去）的动作（常与so far,up to now等时间状语及for,since引导的时间状语连用）1.I have studied English for three years.2.She has lived here since 1990.3.I havent been very successfu

24、l so far.4.Up to/till now he has won five prizes.5.Thousands of cars have been made in our factory this year.（被动）6.It is the first time（that）I have been here.、过去不确定时间里完成的动作（该动作与现在有联系或有影响）1.I have already seen that film.2.-Have you had lunch yet? No,I havent had lunch yet.3.The train has just left th

25、e station.4.Have you（ever）met her before?5.There have been a lot of changes recently.6.He has just been sent to England.（被动）He has been to Beijing.他去过北京（现在不在北京）He has gone to Beijing.他去了北京（现在在北京或者在去北京的路上）、反复或习惯性动作（与often,frequently,regularly,several times连用）1.I have often walked to work.2.He has fre

26、quently made mistakes in his work.3.She has attended classes regularly.4.I have seen him on TV several times.5.I have never done a ting like this.过去完成时（主动：had done 被动：had been done）、从过去某时之前持续到过去某时（并可能继续持续下去）的动作（常与by,before等引导的表示过去某时为止的时间状语连用，且常有由for,since引出的时间状语，表示该动作在过去持续的时间）1.He had worked in that

27、 company for ten years by the end of last year.2.He had lived in Shanghai for five years before he moved here.3.She said that she had made much progress since she came here.4.It was the second time（that）I had heard her sing the song.、过去某时以前已经完成的动作（常用于表示带有特定过去时间状语句子中，或出现在表示过去时间的上下文中）1.He hadnt finish

28、ed the task by yesterday evening.2.The concert （had）started before we got to the hall.3.The discussion had been begun when I went into the classroom.（被动）4.They realized they had lost their way.5.He found the book that he had lost.6.She was excited because she had never been to a dance before.7.After

29、 the teacher （had）left the room,the children started talking.8.We had already left home when it begen to rain.、表示过去未曾实现的愿望（用法仅限于expect,hope,want,intend/mean等）1.I had expected to meet you in London,but I heard you left English.2.I had hope to send you a telegram（电报）,but I didnt manage it.3.They had w

30、anted to help,but they couldnt get here in time.4.I hadnt intend/meant to take my children on the trip,but they insisted on going with me.、用于虚拟语气将来完成时（主动：will/shall have done被动：will/shall have been done）、将来某时已经完成的动作或状态1.By the year 2015 we will have built Pudong airport.2.When you come back next week,they will have finished all the wor