高考英语概要写作技巧讲解.docx

1、2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解一、 考点分析 （一）考查内容：1、 考查读懂文章内容的能力2、 考查识别作者写作目的的能力3、 考查归纳总结的能力4、 考查组织文章的能力（二）评分要点 1）字数50左右 2）理解准确，涵盖全部要点 3）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇 4）完全使用自己的语言 5）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑 二、 专题详解 定义：It is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.读者在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不

2、改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。 （三）写作方法 Step 1. 确定体裁，明确主题 Step 2. 明确文章结构 （总-分，总-分-总，分-总，并列）Step 3. 划主题句与关键信息 Step 4. 写纲要，打草稿Step 5. 润色成文 保留关键句要点，按体裁和内容 删除细节（删除具体例子，或归纳总结例子的过程、作用和结果），避免重复 1) 找准体裁，提炼要点 记叙文，主要信息应包括：When? Where? Who? What? Why? How(时间先后顺序/事情发展顺序)? Result议论文，作者的观点。作者如何论证自己的观点

3、的 (举例证明的，归纳总结例证的内容和作用) 结构：原文 【总-分/总-分-总（末段与首段观点相同）】 【总-分】 结构：原文 【总-分-总（末段与首段观点相反）】【总-分-总（加衔接词表转折关系）】 结构：原文 【并列结构（段与段的观点并列、递进或相反）【并列结构（加衔接词表并列/转折逻辑关系）】说明文：【解释一个理论】那么这个理论的特点和实际用途是什么？【解释一项实验等】实验的目的、对象、结果分别是什么？ 按体裁2) 语言：同义词&词组替换；句式简化；句子重构 同义转换：近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语 （例 improve=promote, of great importa

4、nce = greatly important） 句式转换：简化句子结构（例如，定语从句改成分词作后置定语；状语从句改成非谓语作状语；） 句子重构：调整词类（名词、动词、形容词转换）、时态、语态（主动变被动）等3) 衔接（替换；省略；增加）：表逻辑关系的连接词替换：并列关系and, moreover, furthermore, in addition, 转折关系 but, instead, however, on the other hand省略：并列观点有时可省略连接词;记叙文可省略衔接词。增加：按逻辑关系，补充连接词firstly, secondly, finally; and, more

5、over, furthermore; but, instead, however,例（一）Chris is not a traditional explorer(探险者). Yet his job can sometimes be just as exciting and dangerous as being an explorer.Chris works for MSF, an organization also known as Doctors Without Borders (无国界医生). MSF sends trained doctors all over the world to

6、help people after a war or a disaster. Chris is a doctor from France who has travelled to many plates to organize programs that help people.At the moment, there are 27,000 trained medical staff taking part in MSF tasks. The organization received the Nobel Peace Prize. All kinds of doctors can volunt

7、eer for MSF. They need to be prepared to go almost anywhere in the world and of course doctors with experience in tropical (热带) diseases are especially useful because most of MSFs work is in Africa. When doctors completed a few tasks, they might be sent on an emergency task following a disaster such

8、 as an earthquake.But why would a doctor leave a comfortable life and a good salary to join MSF? According to Chris, the experience you gain is a great help in your career. Besides, just like the explorers of the past, you need to keep an open mind and learn to mix well with the people you meet. Mos

9、t importantly, at the end of each task, you have made a real difference to peoples lives.体裁：记叙文Who, What his jobWhat, whereWhy: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Summary: Chris, whose job is exciting and dangerous,

10、 works for MFS. Chris and other MFSs doctors need to be ready to go almost anywhere in the world and might be sent on an emergency task. Christ thinks his job is meaningful/helpful and he gains a lot. （同义词转换）People who live in the countryside generally live longer than those who live in the city. A

11、number of reasons may help explain this point.To start with, farmers are in close contact with nature. They breathe fresh air. They make friends with trees and stones, cows and dogs. They listen to the songs of birds. They fight with strong winds. This contact with nature is good for the health of b

12、oth body and spirit.Next, hard physical work keeps farmers fit and healthy. It is widely believed that farmers suffer from far less diseases than people in the city. There are many diseases that are common in the city, but not in the countryside. For example, near-sightedness is almost unknown to fa

13、rmers. Besides, being free from urban pressure does good to the health of farmers.Moreover, because there are less cars, motorcars and other kinds of vehicles in the countryside, one can walk more freely without being afraid of accidents. The environment is better in the countryside, which makes the farmers live a quiet and peaceful life.The farmers can also get fresh grain, vegetables, fruits and milk easily. They enjoy these advantages that people living in the city cannot.体裁：议论文结构：总分作者观点：论点 论点 论点 论点 论点 总结句，呼应观点_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _