哈工大考博英语真题以及答案.docx

1、哈工大考博英语真题以及答案GeneralEnglishAdmissionTestForNon-EnglishMajorPh.D.program(HarbinInstituteofTechnology)PassageOneQuestions1-7arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Accordingtoarecenttheory,Archean-agegold-quartzveinsystemswereformedovertwobillionyearsagofrommagmaticfluidsthatoriginatedfrommoltengranitelikebodie

2、sdeepbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth.Thistheoryiscontrarytothewidelyheldviewthatthesystemsweredepositedfrommetamorphicfluids,thatis,fromfluidsthatformedduringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks.Therecentlydevelopedtheoryhasconsiderablepracticalimportance.Mostofthegolddepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalg

3、oldrusheswereexposedattheEarthssurfaceandwerefoundbecausetheyhadshedtrailsofalluvialgoldthatwereeasilytracedbysimpleprospectingmethods.Althoughthesesamemethodsstillleastoanoccasionaldiscovery,mostdepositsnotyetdiscoveredhavegoneundetectedbecausetheyareburiedandhavenosurfaceexpression.Thechallengeine

4、xplorationisthereforetounravelthesubsurfacegeologyofanareaandpinpointthepositionofburiedminerals.Methodswidelyusedtodayincludeanalysisofaerialimagesthatyieldabroadgeologicaloverview,geophysicaltechniquesthatprovidedataonthemagnetic,electrical,andmineralogicalpropertiesoftherocksbeinginvestigated,and

5、sensitivechemicalteststhatareabletodetect:thesubtlechemicalhalosthatoftenenvelopmineralization.However,noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalueifthesitestowhichtheyareappliedhavenevermineralized,andtomaximizethechancesofdiscoverytheexplorermustthereforepayparticularattentiontoselectingthegroun

6、dformationsmostlikelytobemineralized.Suchgroundselectionreliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels,whichtakeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors.Thesemodelsareconstructedprimarilyfromempiricalobservationsofknownmineraldepositsandfromtheoriesofore-formingprocesses.Theexplorerusesthemodelstoid

7、entifythosegeologicalfeaturesthatarecriticaltotheformationofthemineralizationbeingmodeled,andthentriestoselectareasforexplorationthatexhibitasmanyofthecriticalfeaturesaspossible.1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith .A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodology.B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheory.C.en

8、umeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethodsD.describingeventsleadingtoadiscovery2.Accordingtopassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystemsAwereformedfrommetamorphicfluids.BoriginatedinmoltengranitelikebodiesCwereformedfromalluvialdepositsDgenerallyhavesurfaceexpre

9、ssion3.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswho wishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?ASurveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwobillionyearsago.BLimitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedformmetamorphicfluid.CUsinganappropriateconcept

10、ualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.DUsinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?AThenumberofgolddiscovermadeannuallyhasincreasedbetweenthetimeoftheoriginalgoldrushesandthepresentBNewdisc

11、overiesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralizationCItisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.DModernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsas

12、asourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingiseasiesttodetect?AAgold-quartzveinsystemoriginatinginmagmaticfluids.BAgold-quartzveinsystemoriginatinginmetamorphicfluids.CAgolddepositthatismixedwithgranite.DAgolddepositthathasshedalluvialgold.6.Thetheorym

13、entionedinlineIrelatestotheconceptualmodelsdiscussedinthepassageinwhichofthefollowingways?AItmayfurnishavalidaccountofore-formingprocesses,andhence,cansupportconceptualmodelsthathavegreatpracticalsignificance.BItsuggeststhatcertaingeologicalformations,longbelievedtobemineralized,areinfactmineralizedthusconfirmingcurrentconceptualmodels.C.ItsuggeststhattheremaynotbeenoughsimilarityacrossArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemstowarranttheformulationofconceptualmodels.DItcorrectsexistingtheoriesaboutthechemicalhalosofgolddeposits,andthusprovidesabasis