学年高一英语期末词汇短语句型语法精讲练02 阅读理解题解教师版人教版Word下载.docx

1、单句、段落和细节叠加。前两个稍微简单一些,细节相加就增加了难度,需要学生掌握一些解题技巧和逻辑思维。4、解题方法：12字法则识题型、找定位、断结构、取信息二、阅读理解题的题型1、细节理解题：这类题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解,要求考生在快速阅读文章的同时,能从中获取某些特定的信息。一般包括直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题、排列顺序题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该类题的关键。解题原则：忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系,决不能主观臆断。2、推理判断题：包括判断和推理两个方面,属于深层理解题,一般难度较高,得分率较低,其比例占30%40%。推理判断题一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断

2、题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图题、观点态度题和篇章结构题。3、词义猜测题：词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧,词义猜测题也是高考阅读理解必考的题型之一,主要考查考生根据构词、定义、对比、因果、联想等线索理解词义的能力,常见的考查形式有生词词义、旧词新义、代词的指代、短语的引申义、句子的含义等。4、主旨大意题：主旨大意题主要考查考生对全文的内容或某一段的内容加以合理地归纳,目的是检查对短文整体或某一段落的理解概括能力。主要考查：最佳标题；概括文章的中心思想；段落大意。此类题正确选项的特点：通常不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词；能概括文章（或段落）的全部内容。【思考识题型】请说出下列阅读理解的题

3、型 1.Why does the author give so many questions in paragraph 1 ?2.Why does the author mention the newspaper article he read?3.The writer mentions “phone rage”（Paragraph 3） to show that .4. What does Skeptas success suggest?5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?6.What do we know about the solar

4、still equipment from the first paragraph?7.According to the passage,the majority of Facebook users are unconscious that Facebook .8.The underlined phrase “this ability” in the last paragraph refers to the ability to .9.How did Ma shwe manage to save her calf from the fast-flowing water?10.Japanese w

5、atchmaker Tokyoflash is mentioned in Paragraph 4 to . 11）The main purpose of the article is to show that_.12）What is the main idea of the passage?1）细节理解题_ 2）推理判断题_3）词义猜测题_ 3）主旨大意题_【答案】1）6、7、9 2）1、2、3、4、5、10 3）84）11、12三、阅读理解题的解题方法 一）方法概述：二）解题三步曲：1、画题干,确定关键词 ；2、找原文（定位文章中的句子）,确定关键词 ；3、看选项（配对选项与原文句子中的同义

6、词）,确定关键词 。注：找关键词主要是找名词、代词和形容词。【例1】The Chinese kept their secret of how to make paper until a war with Muslims in the ninth century. The art of papermaking soon spread throughout the Muslim world. The Mayan Indians in Central America and Pacific Islanders also discovered how to make paper, but their

7、knowledge never spread to the rest of the world.26. How was papermaking introduced into the rest of the world from China? A. Through wars. B. Through the Muslims. C. Through the Mayan Indians. D. Through the Pacific Islanders. 【答案】B【解析】由题干中的关键词papermaking定位到文章中第一次出现papemaking的句子The art of papermakin

8、g soon spread throughout the Muslim world. 再从此句中找到与题干中提到造纸术的引进方式的关键词Muslims；最后看选项中,只有B项中出现了关键词Muslims,此题关键词与关键词为同形复现。有时为近义或同义复现。【例2】Pants usually have pockets to hold things. Money that is likely to be spent quickly can burn a hole in your pocket. Sometimes you need a belt to hold up your pants. If

9、you have less money than usual, you may have to tighten your belt. I always praise people who can save their money and not spend too much.I really take my hat off to them.Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it at the drop of a hat, 3If we say someone has to tighten his belt, we probably mean

10、 he _. Ahas done something wrong Bused to live a rich life Chas put on the wrong pants Dis short of money 【答案】D【解析】三步曲的步骤：1、读题干,圈出关键词tighten his belt;2、在原文中找到第1次出现关键词的句子,前后读一读,不要读多了,找到动词、名词（关键词have less money）;3、看四个选项中和关键词中一样的词（关键词）money的,只有D项,所以选D。 is short of 和have less 是近义词“缺少”、“不足”。四、解题技巧（一）答案出现

11、的位置：1、关联词because, for, as for, now that, however, but, therefore等后面就是答案；2、标点符号冒号后、破折号后就是答案；重要的人说的话,引号内就是答案；3、长难句（除去从句）主句是答案（因果关系题例外）；4、有中文注释的是答案（人名、地名等专有名词除外）；5、因果关系题一般是寻找原因,and之前,because之后,for 和 to do之后是答案；6、选项中有may的是答案；7、首段（首句）、每段首句、末句,往往是主旨句,是答案 ；8、选项中意思完全相反的2个选项,其中之一是正确答案；9、some people,表作者不认同的观点

12、,few people,表作者的观点 （二）错误答案的确定：1、选项中有绝对肯定之意的must, only,always是错误选项；2、原句在选项中重复出现,200%错误；3、用文章里的举例的句子做选项,200%错误；4、错误的选项往往就文章某一方面而说,是某个小问题,或者很具体。（三）解题技巧的应用1、因果关系题的判断（不需要翻译的方法）： 1）Why + 结果？ 2）结果 + because + . 3）What made + 结果 ？ 4）Whats the reason for + 结果 ？题干类型（都是要找原因） ；可能：原文中的结果和选项中的一模一样；或原文中的结果和选项中的意义一

13、样。2、运用以下规律：1）and前是原因：“因 + and（所以+ 果”, 从题干中关键词定位原文中句子,and前就是答案。2）从句是答案 分析主句和从句之间的逻辑关系,找到答案。3）“目的”是答案for, to do 是目的 4）because 后面是答案 果+ because +果 【例3】 . Often,these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them, 1. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees nest? A. Its small in size. B. I

14、ts hidden in trees. C. Its covered with wax. D. Its hard to recognize. 【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的关键词difficult to find定位到and后的句子,根据“and前面是答案”,对比四个选项,只有选A。【练习】. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. 2.What made the chick calm down? A. A new nest. B. Some food. C. A recording. D. Its parent.

15、 【解析】由题干中的关键词calmed down找到文章中的calmed down,and前面是答案,所以选A。【例4】.”I dont think its fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them.” 3.Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets? A. They attack human beings. B. We need to study native animals. C. They cant live out of

16、 the rain forest. D. We do know much about them yet. 【解析】由题干中的have pets定位到文章中的句子,在when从句中,找到第3个关键词them,即答案。【例5】During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 bird,but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller livi

17、ng units of two seven birds for producing purposes. 4.Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?A. To find more food. B. To protect themselves better.C. To keep themselves warm. D. To protect their young.【解析】由题干中的关键词collect together定位到文章段落的最后一句,根据“for 后面是答案”,找到与选

18、项意义相同的的词组,这里for producing purposes为了生产过程,选项To protect their young为了它们的baby,意义相同。故选D。【例6】Sandra Day OConnor（1930present） When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state sena

19、tor（参议员） and ,in 1981,the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. 5.What is the reason for OConnors being reiected by the low firm? A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in

20、 court. C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor financial conditions.【答案】C【解析】 由题干中的OConnorsthe low firm定位到文章中的“Sandra Day OConnor”部分的第一句后半句,找到because,后面是答案,对比选项,不难找到答案C。【练习】I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad, I have

21、 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞） in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last,in all, from the time they can be implanted in the patent, weve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time. 6.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours? A. He can

22、not stay away from his job too long. B. The donor can only wait for that long. C. The operation needs that very much. D. The ice wont last any longer.【解析】由题干中的within 42hours定位到文章中的第2句have 42hours后半句,because后是答案,对比选项,找到答案D。通过以上讲解和练习,我们基本上了解了高中英语阅读理解题的题型设置与所选文章体裁,此篇重点讲解了阅读理解题的基本方法与技巧,也适合于其他几类题的解题。想要掌握

23、这些解题技巧,需要学生通过大量的实战练习,从而将这些方法与技巧融会贯通,达到触类旁通。【练习部分】I.高考真题A2019课标全国卷I A篇Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to

24、learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment

25、along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities（社区）.Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardshi

26、p Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer. Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）Through the Summer Emp

27、loyment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups. Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.【语篇导读】本文为应

28、用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。1. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer Company部分

29、中的“Summer Company provides students with .awards of up to 3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses” 可知“Summer Company为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励,来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“为开办新的业务”,这对应B项中的“runn new businesses”,二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。2. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17.根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中的第二段“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this y