高考英语语法非谓语动词讲解练习含答案Word下载.docx

1、现在过去done （vi.）done （vt.）【注意】 过去分词一般式done（vi.）表示完成；过去分词一般式的被动形式done（vt.）表示被动与完成。非谓语动词作状语（一）不定式作状语不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，常用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。1不定式用来作目的状语。作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，往往译作“为了；想要”。To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。2不定式用于so.as to, such.as to, enough t

2、o, too.to, only to等结构中作结果状语。Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?你能好心把你的自行车借给我吗？He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告知所有的票都已经卖完了。【注意】 “onlyto do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell和主语he 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。His parents died, leav

3、ing him an orphan.他的父母去世了，因此他成了孤儿。（二）过去分词作状语1过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且含有完成之意。意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. 因为安迪在一部新电影中被分得一个重要角色，他得到了一个成名的机会。2某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，其前不用being，常见的词有l

4、ost（迷路的），born in（出身于）, seated（坐着）, hidden（躲着）, lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）, devoted（专注的）, dressed in（穿着）, tired of（感到厌倦的）等。Lost in the mountains for a week, we were finally saved by the local police.在大山里迷失了一个星期，我们最终被当地警察所救。Absorbed in his book, he didnt notice me enter the room.专心读书的他没注意到我进入了房间。（三）现在分词作状语

5、1现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，且含有进行之意。现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。Being ill, he couldnt go to school.（原因）因为生病，他不能去上学。My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.（结果）我的车遇上了交通阻塞，所以延误了。As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not moving, and asked myself what I was going to

6、do.（伴随）当交通灯变绿时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，自问要做什么事。2现在分词有一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not 构成。一般式（doing）表示主动的一般性动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式（being done）表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式（having done）表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式（having been done）表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.因为没有得到答复，所以他决定再写封信。Having

7、 been scolded many times, he determined to study hard to catch up with others.被多次批评之后，他决定努力学习以赶上其他人。3有一些悬垂分词，如generally speaking, taking everything into consideration, judging from/by等，无论主语是什么都用这种形式作状语。Taking everything into consideration, we can do this task smoothly.当我们把一切因素都考虑清楚后，就能顺利进行此项任务。Judgi

8、ng from what he said, he must be an honest man.从他说的话来判断，他一定是一个诚实的人。4现在分词作状语和过去分词作状语的区别：现在分词表示主动或正在进行，过去分词表示被动或完成。Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。（see 与主语the park之间存在动宾关系）Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发

9、现这个公园显得更加美丽。（see与主语we之间存在主谓关系）（四）独立主格结构作状语独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的成分构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。独立主格结构可置于主句前、主句后或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开，在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。1逻辑主语名词/形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词名词或代词So many children to support, they both have to work full time.有这么多孩子要养，他们俩不得不全日工作。It being

10、 Sunday, I didnt need to get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 am.因为是周日，我不必早起，所以一直睡到早上九点。Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。2“with/without复合宾语”“with/without宾语宾

11、语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语和原因状语。with宾语I couldnt do my homework with all that noise going on.由于噪音不断我做不了作业。The girl feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有这么多的名胜可以参观，女孩很兴奋。非谓语动词作定语（一）不定式作定语1不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。

12、2不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。He has no pen to write with.他没有钢笔写字。3不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。（二）分词作定语1及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在

13、分词、“being过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。（主动）We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。（被动、正在进行）The players select

14、ed from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。（被动、完成）2不及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。falling leaves正在下落的叶子（表正在进行）fallen leaves落叶（表完成）（三）动名词作定语动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。a walking stick拐杖a reading r

15、oom阅览室非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式：1只能用不定式作宾语的动词下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help。此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。My English teac

16、her promised to lend some books to me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。2只能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语下列动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon, admit, delay/put off, fancy（想象，设想）, avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy/ap

17、preciate, forbid, imagine, risk, cant help（禁不住）, mind, allow/permit, escape。此外，下列动词短语也要用动名词作宾语：be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand （无法忍受）, give up, feel like, insist on, thank.for, apologize for, be busy （in）, have dif

18、ficulty/trouble （in）, have a good/wonderful/hard time （in）, spend time （in）, look forward to。We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。My mother couldnt help smiling when she heard the good news.听到那好消息，我母亲情不自禁地笑起来。3既可以接不定式也可以接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语下列动词或动词短语既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，

19、要特别注意：后接不定式后接动名词regret to do sth遗憾要去做某事regret doing sth后悔做过某事forget to do sth忘记要去做某事forget doing sth忘记已做过某事remember to do sth记得要做某事remember doing sth记得做过某事mean to do sth打算做某事mean doing sth意味着做某事try to do sth努力/企图做某事try doing sth试着做某事cant help （to） do sth不能帮助做某事t help doing sth情不自禁地做某事I meant to give

20、 you this book today, but I forgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。Missing this train means waiting for another hour.错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。4want, require, need表示“需要”讲，后用不定式时，要用其被动形式；用动名词时，用其主动形式（表示被动意义）。The patient required to be examined.The patient required examining.这个病人需要被检查。非谓语动词作宾语补足语（一）不定式作宾语补足语有些动词及动词短语后接不定式

21、作宾补，即“动词/动词短语sbto do sth”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议allow允许ask询问；要求beg乞求 cause导致 encourage鼓励expect期望 forbid禁止 force强迫intend意欲 invite邀请 order订购persuade说服 prefer喜爱 require需要teach教 remind提醒 tell告诉want想要 warn警告 wish想要wait for等待 depend on依靠 call on号召；The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多的

22、肉。He depends on you to help him with his English.他指望你帮助他学英语。（二）分词作宾语补足语1现在分词作宾语补足语时，表主动、进行。They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。2过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动、完成。He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他试图使自己的工作在医学界得到认可。（三）非谓语动词作感官动词和使役动词的宾补1感官动词see, watch, obs

23、erve, hear, notice等的宾补有以下形式（以see为例）：see sb do sth看见某人做了某事I saw him leave a few minutes ago.我看见他几分钟前离开了。see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事The suspect was seen entering the building.有人看见疑犯进入了大楼。see sb/sth done看见某人/某物被Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa, Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken

24、 good care of at home.在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，李医生回来后十分高兴地看到母亲在家里得到了很好的照顾。2常见的使役动词有四个：have, make, let, get，表示“使，让”的含义。have/make/let sb do sth以及get sb to do sth表示“让/使某人做某事”，宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.The teacher got some students to stay in the cla

25、ssroom after school.放学后老师让一些学生待在教室里。【提示】 make用于被动语态时，其后要用带to的不定式作主语补足语。He was made to work day and night.他被迫日夜工作。have/getsb/sthdoing sth让某人/某物一直做某事He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。【提示】 have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与cant, wont等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。I wont

26、have you speaking to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。 have/get/make宾语done让被；遭遇某事（强调被动性动作）Ill have/get/make my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得（请人）修一下我的自行车。He had his wallet stolen on his way home.在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他成分1非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式（1）动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。As we a

27、ll know, going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.众所周知，早睡早起是一个好习惯。To complete the program needs much effort.完成这项计划需要很大的努力。（2）it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有：It is/was no use/gooddoing sth；It is/was not any use/gooddoing sth; It is/was of little use/gooddoing sth; It is/was useless doi

28、ng sth；Its a waste of time doing sth等。As is known to us, its no use complaining without taking action.众所周知，只抱怨不采取行动没用。2非谓语动词作表语（1）非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到的”，而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到的”。The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整整一晚上。（2）get, become, look, see

29、m, appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldnt get discouraged right after failures.温斯顿丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们，失败后我们绝不能气馁。3非谓语动词作其他成分固定句式“do/have/其他动词sthbut （to）do sth”中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循“前有实义动词do, but后则无to, 反之则有to”的原则。She has no choice but to cry in face of the difficulty.面对困难她除了哭之外别无选择。.单句语法填空 1The comments the expert made concerning stock market bothered Bill greatly, making（make） him sleepless all night.解析 句意：专家关于股市的评论使比尔大为烦恼，让他整夜无眠。现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。2Scientists have created the worlds smallest “snowman”， measuri