6情态动词Word格式文档下载.docx

1、表示请求、建议、允许、许可，用could 比can语气更委婉（回答用can）。Hes such a nice person that he cant commit the crime. Can it be true？ How can you be so careless!在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，表示怀疑、惊异、不相信的态度。You cannot be too careful. I couldnt but choose to wait.The importance of reading cant be stressed too much. 惯用形式，总结：cannot（cant）too/to

2、o much/enough无论怎么也不（过分）cannot/couldnt help but do; can do nothing but do; cannot/couldnt but do不得不；只好cant help doing 情不自禁cant help （to） do 无法帮助He is in hospital. He cant be at school.He cant /couldnt have finished the task all alone. Can he be free now？It can be quite cold in the autumn.在否定句和疑问句中，表示

3、对现在的状态、现在正在进行的动作和过去的推测。用于否定句，意为不可能。用于疑问句，意为会不会。cant/couldnt have done意为过去不可能做过某事，其反义形式为must have done。在肯定句中，表示理论上如此，现实中不一定。2may, might的用法 识规律，辨真伪表示允许、请求。Might/May I？ might比may语气更为委婉和有礼貌。May I ask you a question?Yes, please.May I watch TV after supper?Yes, you may/can.或No, you may not./No, you cant./

4、Youd better not./You mustnt.（强烈的禁止语气） 惯用形式，总结：may/might as well do 不妨做，最好；相当于had better do may well do 很/极可能may well not do 很可能不may but 尽管但是You may as well go back home early.He may be lazy, but he can work very hard when he feels like it.表示祝愿（不用might）。采用部分倒装语序：May主语动词原形其他！May you be happy every day

5、!May you succeed!may 用于肯定句和否定句中，表示对现在的状态、现在正在进行的动作和过去的推测。may/might have done表示过去可能做过某事。（1）用于肯定句，意为“也许，可能”，might 的可能性比may更小。He has a car. He may come by car, but I am not sure. He might have watered the flowers, for there is less water in the tank, but I am not sure.（2）用于否定句，意为“也许不/没有，可能不/没有”。It is r

6、aining so hard. My friend may not come.Exercises:翻译： -那个女孩是玛丽吗？ -那个女孩不可能是玛丽，玛丽去了美国。 -那个女孩是玛丽吗？ -那个女孩可能不是玛丽，玛丽今天好像穿了红色的衣服，但是我不确定。 你最好给你的父母打个电话，他们现在极有可能非常担心你。 愿我们友谊长存！3must，have to的用法 识规律，辨真伪must 表示“必须”，强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是must not （mustnt），表示“禁止，不准”。Everybody must obey the rules. You mustnt speak like

7、 that to your mother.Must I hand in the composition tomorrow?Yes, you must./No, you neednt. /No, you dont have to.温馨提示1 当must作“必须”意义讲时，其反意疑问部分用neednt;当含有mustnt时，其反意疑问部分用must/may。You must go now, neednt you?t smoke here, must/may you?温馨提示2have to表示“必须，不得不”，着重强调客观需要，能用于更多时态（现在、过去和将来）。I have to pick up

8、 my children. I had to leave at that time.The students of today will have to know how to use the computers of tomorrow.用于肯定句，表示有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”。 表示对现在的状态、现在正在进行的动作、过去的动作的肯定推测。否定式为cantThis must be your pen. must do/be 现在 否定：cant do/ beHe must be doing his homework now. must be doing 正在 否定：cant be doi

9、ngHe must have arrived already. must have done 过去 否定：cant/couldnt have done温馨提示当情态动词must表推测时，反意疑问部分助动词的使用要根据情态动词后面所隐含的时间来确定You must be hungry now, arenYou must have heard about it, havenYou must have watched that football match last night, didnmust 有“偏要，硬要”之意。常出现于if you must do固定句型中。If you must leav

10、e, do it quietly.Must you make a noise like this?a must: 必须做的事；必需之物A warm coat is a must in the cold winter.Patience is a must if you want to do your job well. -那个女孩一定是玛丽，只有她的头发是红色的。 你偏要半夜弹钢琴吗？ 我今天必须交作文，是吗？选择： （2014安徽合肥市第一次质检）They have been training very hard the whole season, and they C win this ma

11、tch.A. might B. may C. must D. should （2014安徽皖南八校第一次联考）As a well-known Chinese saying goes, “If you want to be rich, you B first build roads.”A. may B. must C. can D. will （2010安徽，32）Jack described his father, who D a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.A. would be B. would have done C.

12、 must be D. must have done4will，would的用法 试真题，得规律（江苏卷） Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but C say where he was.A. mustnt B shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt用于各种人称，表示意志或决心。will指现在,would则指过去。I will do my best to help you in every way.I will go to the park with you tomorrow if you wil

13、l offer me lunch. 从句中will表意愿（2013福建，33）-Would you mind answering some questions on shopping habits?- D .A. Yes, with great pleasure. B. No, I am afraid I cant make it.C. Yes, it is worth the time. D. No, as long as it doesnt take long.用于第二人称的疑问句中表示礼貌地询问和请求，would 比 will更委婉。Would you please/like/mind?

14、Would you teach us how to drive a car?新课标，29） The door C open, no matter how hard she pushed.A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt表示功能，意为“能”或“行”。He tried the door again, but it wouldnt open.（2014四川，6） I still remember my happy childhood when my mother C take me to Disneyland at weekends.A. mi

15、ght B. must C. would D. should表示习惯性、经常性、倾向性，意为“经常、总是、惯于”。 will指现在，would指过去。The old man would have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work.温馨提示表示习惯时would 与used to的区别：规则1：would表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用 would，只能用 used to。如：From that day on, mother would disappear into

16、her sewing room to practise. 从那天起，妈妈就去做针线活的房间练习起来。（具有反复性）I used to live in Beijing. 我过去住在北京。（没有反复性）规则2：used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态,现在已经结束，would则表示有可能再发生。People used to believe that the earth was flat. （现在已不再这样认为） He would go to the park as soon as he was free. （现在有可能还去）安徽，28） I D to my cousins birthday

17、 party last night, but I was not available.A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gonewould/ wouldnt have done表示虚拟，过去本来要/不要做某事， 但是实际上没做/做了。-My husband and I really liked the car, but we didnt have money at that time.-Or you D it. What a pity!A. bought B. had bought C. would buy D. would have

18、bought表示说话人的推测，意为“大概，也许”。would 的肯定性不如will强，语气比较弱。That will be the man you want to see. Perhaps she would be willing to meet us.5shall, should, ought to的用法 品例句，得结论 Shall I get you some tea？-We want someone to design the new art museum for us.-Shall the young fellow have a try?shall表示征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句

19、。温馨提示 Shall I/we？的回答，可用Yes, please./All right./Im sorry, but等。You shall do as I say. （命令） You shall have my answer tomorrow. （允诺）shall表示说话人的意愿，有命令、允诺、警告、决心等意思，用于第二、第三人称。 “The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. One of our rul

20、es is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.shall用在条约、规章、法令等文件中，表示必然结果，多用于第二、三人称，常译为“必须”。解题关键词：agreement, regulation, rule, law温馨提示 must表示“必须”，只是一种主观要求，语气与shall相比，差之甚远。You should be polite to the old. We shouldnt waste any food.should表义务，意为“应该”，可用于各种人称。Its 9：00. The supermarke

21、t should be open.The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. s 8 oclock now. They should be at home now.should表示推测或责备，意为“想必一定，照说应该，估计”等；表推测时往往指推测有一定的依据。should/ought to表示猜测时，只能用于肯定句中，意为“理应，应当”（依据常规、常理、风俗、习惯等进行推测）。Why should you be so late today?Its a pity that they should be so

22、 careless.should用于表示惊奇、遗憾不该发生的事情，常译作“竟然”。常与why/who/how等疑问词连用。You shouldnt judge a stranger always by the clothes he wears. Parents ought to send their children to school when they reach seven years old.在大多数情况下，ought to都可以被should代替。ought to语气比should重，往往表示从法律上或从道义上“应该”。ought to 的否定形式为ought not to /oug

23、htnt toLook at your poor score! You should have worked hard.We were late. We shouldnt have taken that road. We spent more time.should；ought to/ shouldnt; oughtnt to have done表示本应该/本不应该做某事，但实际上没做/做了6need的用法 识规律，辨真伪need作情态动词表示“需要，必要”。通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中，且只有现在时，其他时态用“have to”的相应形式代替。You neednt water the t

24、omato plants now.Need he come now?Yes, he must./No, he neednt./No, he doesnt have to.need还可以用作行为动词，其变化和一般的动词相同。need doing=need to be doneWe need to have a rest.我们需要休息。The house needs repairing/to be repaired. “Must？”一般疑问句的否定回答要用No， neednt/dont have to等。Must I finish my homework now?No，you neednt./No

25、, you donneed/ neednt have done表示本需要/本不需要做某事，但实际上没做/做了We neednt have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.-Must I go to the gym three times a week? -No, you B . Twice a week is OK.A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. shouldnt（全国卷）I D use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock

26、 each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt7dare的用法 识规律，辨真伪dare作情态动词表示“敢于”，用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。She dare not go there.How dare he do such a thing?惯用短语“I dare say”意为“我想，大概”。I dare say he is right.dare还可以用作行为动词，其变化与一般动词相同。The girl didnt dare to go home.Do you dare to

27、 jump into the ocean?I dont dare （to） ask her.温馨提示 在否定句中，dare后的“to动词原形”可以省略to。Exercise:-Dare your little daughter stay at home alone at night?- B .A. Yes, she does B. No, she dare not C. No, she doesnt D. Yes, she dares not8情态动词完成式 再归纳，辨不同must have done 表示对过去所发生的事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事”，如：Theres no light in the room. They must have gone to bed.cant/couldnt have done， 表示过去所发生行为的不可能性，意为不可能做过某事，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。而could