新目标英语中考易混淆词汇辨析(免费).doc

1、新目标英语中考词汇辨析1a bit/ a little 这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换，但有时不能。二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时，意义相同，为“一点儿” “有些”。如： I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有点饿。 He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有点慢。二者都可以作名词词组，充当主语或宾语。如： A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。 I know only a little / a bit about her. 我对她的情况只了解一点。a little

2、可直接修饰名词；a bit后须加of才可以。如：. There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle.注意 a little of 后的名词通常特指，表“中的一些”，如： May I have a little of your tea?. 否定形式 not a little 作状语，相当于very/ quite, “很”， “非常”；作定语和宾语时，相当于much, 意为 “许多”。而not a bit 作状语时，相当于not at all, 意为“一点也不”，作宾语时则相当于not m

3、uch. Eg: He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他饿极了。 He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.他一点也不饿。 She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。. Not a bit 中的not 可以分开使用；not a little中的not 则不能分开。Eg: He felt not a bit tired. = He didnt feel a bit tired. 他觉得一点也不累。 He felt not a little tired. 他觉得非常累。但不能说：He didnt fel

4、l a little tired.2a few/ few/ a little/ little. a few和few修饰可数名词，a little和little修饰不可数名词；a few和a little表示肯定意义，few和little表示否定意义，可受only修饰。如： Few people will agree to the plan because its too dangerous.This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it. There is little water left in g

5、lass. Will you please give me some Dont worry, we have a little time left.3above/over/on/upon. 方位介词，“在之上”. above 着重指：在上方，不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为：below. The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。 The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。.over 表盖在上面，或铺在上面。此时不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为under. Spread the t

6、ablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。 The book is on the desk. There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与on没有多大的区别，但较正式，口语中较少用。 He laid his hand upon the boys head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。注 up 与以上几个不同，它表示向上方或高处，含有由下而上，由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时，表示在上方或高处。 We run up a hill. 我们跑

7、上山。 The plane was high up in the air.飞机在高空中。4accept/receive. accept “接受”，表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。 I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。 We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议。. receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如： I received a letter from him. 我收到了他的来信。 He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收

8、到了礼物，但没有接受下来。 He received a good education.他受到了良好的教育。注 在表示接待、接见时，通常用 receive, 而不用 accept.如：We often receive foreign guests. 我们经常接待外宾。5across/through/ over. across “横过、穿过”，指从的一边到另一边。含义与on有关。如： I swam across the river. 我游过这条河（指从此岸到彼岸） Lets help push the cart across the bridge.我们帮着把车子推过桥吧。. through “穿过

9、、通过”指穿过两边。是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头。是从内部穿过，含义与in有关。如： We walked through the forest. 我们穿过森林。 The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西到东流过城市。. over“横过、跨越”指横过道路、河流等“细长物”时，与across通用。Over 虽可指从表面的接触及跳（飞）越，但指渡过则不能用。从房间、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端横越到另一端时也不能使用。而常用across. She went across / over the bridge. He jump

10、ed across / over the stream他跳过了小溪。 She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游过了多佛尔海峡。 They drove across the desert. 他们驶过沙漠。另外，over作介词还有“翻过”的意思，如：climb the mountain 翻过那座山。6afraid/ fear. afraid “害怕”是形容词，只能作表语，而不能作定语，后接of 短语或不定式，构成be afraid of sb. 和be afraid to do sth She is afraid of a snake. 她害怕蛇。 The

11、 little girl is afraid to go out at night.afraid +that clause “恐怕”，是婉转拒绝别人的一种表达方式。如： Im afraid (that) I cant go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去参加聚会了。我弟弟病了。. fear “害怕”是动词，与be afraid 往往通用，但不如它常用（特别是在口语中）。如： We fear no difficulty.我们不怕困难。 e feared to speak his mind.他不敢说出自己的想法。 Fearing that he w

12、ould catch cold, I went out to see him.因为怕他会受凉，我走去看他。7feel like / would like.feel like 与would like 意思很相近，但feel like 后面常跟名词；动名词。构成：feel like (doing) sth. 而 would like 一般接名词；动词不定式。构成：would like (to do) sth.的句式。如： I feel like (having) a drink. = I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。 Do you feel like t

13、alking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步？ I dont feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。.feel like 还表示：“觉得好像，摸起来像”。如： It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎。8. after/behind“在之后”. after “在（时间）之后”；“在（地点）之后”，指次序。如： He came after ten oclock. 他十点以后来的。 Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到达两天以后，我拜访了他。 Aga

14、inst comes after again in this cictionary.在这本字典中 against 排在again 之后。. behind 表地点时意为：在后面、着重指位置的前后。偶尔也指时间，表按照一定的时刻而迟了的意思。 The garden is behind the house. He stood behind me. The train was behind time. 火车误点了。 You are two hours behind. 你迟了两个小时。9. ago/before. ago adv. “以前”指从此刻起，若干时间以前，通常与过去连用。如： It happe

15、ned two days ago.这件事发生在两天以前。 I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前碰到他。. before adv, prep & conj “以前”指从那时起若干时间以前。通常与完成时、过去时等连用。还可用作前置词或连接词表时间，而ago 则不能这样用。 He said that he had seen her two days before.他说他两天前见到过她。（表从她说话那时起两天前） I had been fine the day before.(那天)前一天的天气很好。 Ive seen that film before. I never met him before.10. agree to/ agree with/ agree on(up on). agree to “同意、应允”通常用于同意某件事情（我们可以同意我们自己有不同看法而并不赞同的事情）。如： Do