北京高三英语一模阅读CD汇编 word版有答案文档格式.docx

1、Dr. Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of 2,095 German youngsters. The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers. One was of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness （ 认 真 ） and so on. The other was of attitud

2、es, such as realistic, investigative and enterprising. They administered both tests twiceonce towards the end of each volunteers time at school, and then again six years later. Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocationa

3、l routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of those who had gone to university had not changed significantly.

4、Those who had undergone vocational training and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality, eitherexcept in one crucial respect. They had become more conscientious.That sounds like a good thing, certainly compared with the common public image of undergraduates as a bunch of lazybones. B

5、ut changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were rather worrying. In the university group, again, none were detectable. But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict their cho

6、ice of careers.Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific research, are, indeed beyond the degreeless. But many, particularly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not. The researchers mention, for example, computer programmers and finance-sector workers as car

7、eers requiring these traits. If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing peoples choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.38. Which of the following can best replace “beckoned for” in Paragraph 2?A

8、. Examined. B. Attracted. C. Organized. D. Recognized.39. What can we learn from the research?A. The degreeless have not changed in personalities.B. Going to university is a mind-broadening experience. C. Working straight after school narrows peoples minds. D. College students pride themselves on th

9、eir education.40. According to the last two paragraphs, . A. college students enjoy a very good public imageB. the undergraduates have changed significantly in attitudeC. the degreeless are much better at dealing with challenging tasksD. people show less interest in investigative jobs due to vocatio

10、nal training41. What is the authors attitude towards the finding?A. Concerned. B. Optimistic. C. Unclear. D. Sceptical.2019 一模海淀 DSmile! It makes everyone in the room feel better because they, consciously or unconsciously, are smiling with you. Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimi

11、cry（ 模 仿 ） allows us to empathize with and even experience other peoples feelings. If we cant mirror another persons face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions. A review of this emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences.In their paper

12、, Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood, social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin, describe how people in social situations copy others facial expressions to create emotional responses in themselves. For example, if youre with a friend who looks sad, you might “try on” that sad face yourself

13、 without realizing youre doing so. In “trying on” your friends expression, it helps you to recognize what theyre feeling by associating it with times in the past when you made that expression. Humans get this emotional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds.“Y

14、ou reflect on your emotional feelings and then you generate some sort of recognition judgment, and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate actionyou approach the person or you avoid the person,” Niedenthal says. “Your own emotional reaction to the face changes your

15、perception of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means.”A persons ability to recognize and “share” others emotions can be prevented when they cant mimic faces. This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases, like facial paralysis（瘫痪） f

16、rom a stroke, or even due to nerve damage from plastic surgery. Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth, because if youve never had the ability to mimic facial expressions, you will have developed compensatory ways of interpreting emotions.Peo

17、ple with social disorders associated with mimicry or emotion-recognition damage, like autism（ 自闭症）, can experience similar challenges. “There are some symptoms in autism where lack of facial mimicry may in part be due to limitation of eye contact,” Niedenthal says.Niedenthal next wants to explore wh

18、at part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition. A better understanding of that part, she says, will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders.42. According to the passage, facial mimicry helps .A. experience ones own feelings clearly B. change others emo

19、tions quicklyC. respond to others expressions properly D. develop friendship with others easily43. We can know from Paragraph 4 and 5 that . A. people with motor diseases may also suffer from autismB. people born with facial paralysis may still recognize emotionsC. people with social disorders cant

20、have eye contact with othersD. people receiving plastic surgery have difficulty in mimicking faces44. According to Niedenthal, the next step of the study will focus on . A. how we can treat brain disordersB. what can be done to regain facial mimicryC. how our brain helps us with emotional mirroringD

21、. what part of our brain helps recognize facial expression45. The passage is written to .A. discuss how people react positively to otherssmiles B. draw peoples attention to those with social disordersC. introduce a new trend in facial expression recognitionD. explain how emotional mirroring affects

22、peoples empathy2019 一模西城 CLike many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that Im a slightly different person in each of my languagesmore confident in English, more relaxed in French, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral

23、 compass （ 指 南 针 ） also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language Im using at the time?Psychologists who study moral judgments have become very interested in this question. The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas （ 困境 ）, t

24、hey do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “trolley problem”: imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of fiv

25、e people standing on the tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch?Most people agree that they would. But wha

26、t if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situations, one person is sacrificed to save five. But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a l

27、anguage that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about50% of those using the foreign one.Why does it matter whether we judg

28、e morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinkingone of these, a quick, natural “feeling,” and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign lan

29、guage, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language signals our cognitive （认知的） system to prepare for difficult activity.An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood

30、languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood.Theres strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that languag