1、她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。4)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)例如:The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。Students should lea
2、rn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。(look up是短语动词。The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。(take care of是动词短语。5)动词有五种形态,原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular Form in Third Personal)、过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词(Present Participle)。编辑本段动词系动词系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词
3、。有些不具词义;有些具有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。1)状态系动词 用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher.他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。2)持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,
4、 rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。3)表像系动词 用来表示看起来像这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:He looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。4)感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.
5、这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。5)变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如:He became mad after that.自那之后,他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。6)终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达证实,变成之意,例如:The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。The search p
6、roved difficult.搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果) 助动词最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。(doesnt是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义) 2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用
7、来:a. 表示时态,例如:He is singing. 他在唱歌。He has got married. 他已结婚。b. 表示语态,例如:He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。c. 构成疑问句,例如:Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:I dont like him. 我不喜欢他。e. 加强语气,例如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明
8、天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。半助动词功能介绍 在功能上介乎主动词和助动词之间的一类结构,称为半助动词。常见的半助动词有be about to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be meant to, be obliged to, be supposed to, be willing to, have to, seem to, be unable to, be unwilling to等。. 情态助动词情态助动词 1.情态助动词包括will(would), shall(should), can(coul
9、d), may(might), must, need, dare, ought to, used to, had better后接原形不定词。 2.情态助动词不受主词的人称和数的限制。 3.两个情态助动词不能连用。 中文:他将能够及时完成此事。 (误)He will can finish it i. 基本助动词基本助动词 基本助动词只有三个:be, do, have, 他们没有词汇意义,只有语法作用,如协助构成进行体,完成体,被动态,否定句,疑问句等。 例如 He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划The small an
10、imals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里。He doesnt smoke. 短语动词动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词(Phrasal Verb)。Turn off the radio.把收音机关上。(turn off是短语动词) 短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:1) 动词+副词,如:black out;2) 动词+介词,如:look into;3) 动词+副词+介词,如:look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词(Particle)。非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式
11、:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。1)不定式 时态语态主动被动 一般式to doto be done 完成式to have doneto have been done 2)动名词 一般式doingbeing done 完成式having donehaving been done 3)分词 完成式having donehaving been done 否定形式: not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词 一个动词可以在有的场合下及物,有的场合下又不及物。像“kick”这个动词,在“kick the ball”里,“kick”是“及物”动词,“及”什么“物”
12、呢?这里的“物”就是“ball”;但是如果只说“kick”,就是“蹬,跺”,“我跺脚”就只是“I kick”2个词就够了,一个主语一个谓语,我跺脚的动作不涉及宾语,不涉及我跺了什么,就是我跺脚这个动作而已。这就是一般句子的基本结构,再复杂的长句也只是往这个基本结构里面添加丰富这个基本结构的修饰性的内容了,像定语(修饰名词),状语(修饰形容词和动词)。以上是最最基本的句子结构了,别的一些像起始句啊倒装句啊强调句啊什么的,还有各种从句,都是在这个基本结构上稍稍变化而来,先把这个句子的基本结构掌握透彻,这些别的问题自然迎刃而解的。编辑本段动词的时态时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所
13、处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,现在完成时和现在完成进行时. 时态一致1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实,则永远用现在时。At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. He told me last week that he is eighteen. 2) 宾语从句中的助动词ought, need, must, dare 时态是不变的。He thought th
14、at I need not tell you the truth. 时态与时间状语时间状语 一般现在时every , sometimes,at+时间, on+时间 一般过去时yesterday, last+时间, 时间+ago, the other day, in+时间, just now 一般将来时next+时间, tomorrow, in+时间, 现在完成时for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past+时间, already, recently 过去完成时before, by, unti
15、l, when, after, once, as soon as 过去进行时this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from+时间 to+时间 last +时间 when, while 将来进行时soon, tomorrow, this evening, on+时间, by this time,in+时间, tomorrow evening,this coming Sunday 一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every, sometimes,at, on Sunday, al
16、ways, every day, usually, seldom I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力
17、、性格、个性。t want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用现在进行时。一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的
18、动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。Where did you go just now?2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth到时间了该了I
19、t is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了早该了It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事Id rather you came tomorrow. 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。Christine w
20、as an invalid all her life. (含义:她已不在人间。Christine has been an invalid all her life. 她现在还活着) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. 达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去) 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anythi
21、ng else?I wondered if you could help me. 2)情态动词 could, would. Could you lend me your bike?used to / be used to used to + do:过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful. be used to + doing: 对已感到习惯,或习惯于,to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现
22、在习惯于散步) 典型例题 - Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. - Its 69568442. A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant 答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看 出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first. Will you be at home at seven this evening
23、?2)be going +不定式,表示将来。a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 计划,安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 3)be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4)be about +不定式,意为马上做某事。He is abo
24、ut to leave for Beijing. be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。be going to / will 用于条件句时, be going to表将来 will表意愿 If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of th
25、e mirror. be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排) m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排) 一般现在时表将来1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow mo
26、rning. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. 2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3)在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 用现在进行时表示将来意为:意图、打算安排、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。m leaving tomorrow. Are you
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