1、天津,2)Adarent BshouldntCneednt Dmustnt我的房间很乱,不过今晚在我出去之前,我没必要打扫它。我可以在(明天)早晨打扫。darent不敢;shouldnt不应该;mustnt不准。5Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise,I _ able to reach her yesterday.(2017天津,15)Ahadnt been Bwouldnt have beenCwerent Dwouldnt be你有贝蒂的电话号码吗?有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气,此处表示
2、与过去事实相反的情况,谓语动词用would have done,故选B项。6If it _ for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.(2016江苏,27)Ahad not been Bshould not beCwere not to be Dshould not have been如果不是他前几天邀请我,我现在就不会在这里了。根据句子结构和句意可知,此处为虚拟语气,再结合时间状语the other day可知,这是对过去行为的虚拟,故if从句要用过去完成时。7I love the weekend,because I
3、_ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.(2016北京,31)Aneednt BmustntCwouldnt Dshouldnt我喜欢周末,因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。neednt不需要;mustnt禁止;wouldnt不会;shouldnt不应该。根据句意可知选A项。8Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me,I could have helped.(2016Atold Bhad toldCwere to tell Dwould tell你上周为什么不告诉我你的麻
4、烦。如果你告诉了我,我就能够帮助你。根据last week可知,事情发生在过去;根据主句谓语动词could have done可知,是对过去情况的虚拟,因此从句应用过去完成时had done。故选B项。9It was really annoying;I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.(2016天津,5)Awouldnt BcouldntCshouldnt Dneednt真烦人,我无权使用你推荐的资料库。B项couldnt意为“不能”,符合语境。wouldnt不愿意;neednt没必要。10I was wearing a se
5、atbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I _.(2016Awere injured Bwould be injuredChad been injured Dwould have been injured答案D我当时系着安全带。如果没系的话,我会受伤的。根据题干中的“If I hadnt been wearing one”可知,此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,所以主句的谓语用would have been injured。11George _ too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016浙江,17)Amust have gone
6、Bmight have goneCcant have gone Dneednt have gone乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡还是温的。cant have done表示对过去情况的否定推测,意为“不可能做了”。12Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.(2016浙江,15)Ahad not fallen Bwould not fallCdid not fall Dwould not have fallen如果政府和科学家们不一起
7、合作的话,与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会自2005年的最高值降下来。根据Had the governments and scientists not worked together可知事情发生在过去,因此是对过去情况的虚拟,主句用would have done形式。故选D项。13Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really _ go now.My daughter is home alone.(2015北京,29)Amay BcanCmust Ddare你不能再多待一会儿吗?天要黑了。我现在真的必须走了。我的女儿一个人在家里呢。m
8、ay可以,可能;can 能够,可以;dare 敢,敢于。故选C。14Sorry,Mum!I failed the job interview again.Oh,its too bad.You _ have made full preparations.(2015福建,27)Amust BcanCwould Dshould很抱歉,妈妈,我的面试又失败了。噢,真是太糟糕了,你本应该做好充分准备的。should have done本应该做但是没有做。15You _ feel all the training a waste of time,but Im a hundred percent sure
9、later youll be grateful you did it.(2015陕西,21)Ashould BneedCshall Dmay你可能觉得所有的培训都是浪费时间,但是我百分之百确定,你以后会为你这么做了而心存感激的。should表示推测时指“按常理应该”;need意为“需要”,常用于否定句或疑问句中;shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示允诺、警告、威胁等语气;may表示推测时指“可能,或许”。由句意可知,此处表示语气不强烈的推测,故用may。16You _ be careful with the camera.It costs!(2015四川,2)Amust BmayCcan
10、Dwill你一定要非常小心地对待这个照相机,它很贵。根据下文的it costs可知,照相机一定很昂贵,所以“必须”小心对待,故选A。17You _ be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.(2015重庆,12)Cwill Dshall你一定是卡萝尔,这些年以来你一点都没变。依据第二句可知,此处应用must表示很有把握的推测,意为“一定,肯定”。must只用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句或疑问句。18If I _ it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.(2015Adidnt
11、 see Bwerent seeingCwouldnt see Dhadnt seen如果不是亲眼看到,我就不会相信这件事。由主句中的谓语动词wouldnt have believed 可知是对过去情况的虚拟,虚拟条件句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。19Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _ as well as her.(2015陕西,23)Adance Bwill danceChad danced Ddanced埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊!I wish后接从句,从句用虚拟语气。叙述与现在事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用过去式(
12、be用were);叙述与将来事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用could/would do;叙述与过去事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用had done。由语境可知,此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况,故谓语动词用过去式,选D项。20Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway _ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015重庆,7)Adidnt write Bhadnt written Cwouldnt write Dwouldnt have written要是没有战争时的经历,海明威就不会写出他的著名小说永别了,武器。该句使用
13、了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气,由语境知,这里是对过去情况的假设,因此主句部分用would/could/should/mighthave done,故D项正确。一、“情态动词have done”结构“情态动词have done”有两层意思:1表示对过去情况的猜测或估计,有以下几种形式:must have done (准是;一定);can/could have done(可能已经);may/might have done(可能/也许已经)。The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years befor
14、e she returned.Oh,dear!She must have gone through a lot of difficulties!这位女生物学家在非洲研究野生动物13年后才回来。哦,天哪!她一定经历了许多困难!2表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪,常见的有下列形式:should/ought to have done(本该做);could have done(本来能够做);might have done(本可以做);neednt have done(本没必要做)。Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You should have
15、 told her last week.明天我要告诉玛丽关于她的新工作的情况。你本该上周告诉她的。二、虚拟语气的一些特殊句式1Its (high) time that.did/should do.是的时候了。2If it were not for/had not been for.要不是3but for.要不是4If only.要是就好了。5would rather.did/had done.宁愿It is high time that we were/should be off.到了我们离开的时候了。If it had not been for your timely help,I woul
16、d have gone bankrupt.要不是你及时的帮助,我早就破产了。1What a boring planet we _ if there were only one culture in the world!镇江期中,27)Awould be BwereCwould have Dhad如果世界上只有一种文化,那我们所居住的星球将是多么的枯燥啊!根据句意可知从句与现在相反,主句也与现在相反,故主句用would/should/could/might动词原形,但A项不符合句意,故答案为C。2Had the earthquake happened in the night,there _ m
17、any more deaths,and if the prediction for the earthquake _ more accurate,we would have been more prepared and many more lives would have been saved.(2017盐城景山中学调研,29)Awould be;had beenBwill be;wasCwould have been;Dwould have;has been如果地震发生在夜间,将会有更多的人死亡,如果对地震的预测更准确的话,我们会有更多的准备,更多的生命将会被拯救。考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语
18、气,从句用过去完成时,主句用would/should/might/couldhave done。根据主从句之间的这种对应关系即可确定正确答案为C。3It seemed that our nursery rhymes _ some magic because all the nights I sang them for my daughter,she would listen to them with keen pleasure.(2017盐城亭湖中学段考,29)Amust have had Bshould have hadCcould have had Dneed have had似乎我们的儿
19、歌有什么魔力因为每晚我为女儿唱的时候,她都会非常愉快的听。这里用情态动词must的完成式,表示对过去情况的肯定推测“过去一定是”;should have done过去本来应该做而没有做;could have done本可以做却没有做;need have done本需要做却没有做。根据句意知选A。4Could we phone our English teacher now?Not now.Im afraid he _ be driving.(2017扬州中学期中,25)Ashall BmayCwill Dcan我们现在可以打电话给英语老师吗?现在不行。恐怕他在开车。may可能,表示一种可能性,
20、符合语境。shall用于主语为第三人称的陈述句中,表示条约、规定、法令等中的义务,常译为“应,必须”;will表示意愿或规律性的“注定会”;can能够,也可用于否定句或疑问句中表推测。5But for the fact that he _ the truth,he _ for a weeks imprisonment.扬州中学期中,32)Adidnt know;would be punishedBhadnt known;might have punishedCdidnt know;would have been punishedDhadnt known;could be punished要不是
21、因为他不知道真相,他会受到一周监禁的惩罚。他不知道真相是过去的事实,应用陈述语气didnt know;that he didnt know the truth为fact的同位语。根据but for.可知,整句是对过去的虚拟,第二空应用would/could/might/shouldhave done的形式。根据句意,他应该受到惩罚,应用被动语态。故选C项。6Nowadays people seem to become more and more selfish.How much better life would be if we _ to the values of the past!苏锡常
22、镇四市一模,33)Awere to return Bhad returnedCreturn Dwill return如今,人似乎变得越来越自私。如果我们能够重新回过去的价值观,生活该多好啊!本题考查虚拟语气。根据主句的关键词would可知,应用虚拟语气;再根据句意可知,此处表示对将来情况的假设,其表达形式有三种:were to do sth./should do sth./did sth.,B项表示对过去情况的假设,故选A项。7_ the local authorities paid more attention to the safety of seafood,more lives _ in
23、 the poisoning incident.(2017溧水高级中学二模,27)AShould;would not be claimedBHad;would not have been claimedCShould;would not be costDHad;would not have been cost如果当地政府把更多的注意力放在海鲜的安全上,这次中毒事件中就不会夺去更多人的生命。这是和过去相反的虚拟语气,if条件句应该用过去完成时,也可以省略if把had提前,主句用would have done,答案在B、D之间选择,claim表示“夺去”,claim ones life夺取某人的生
24、命,cost是“使丧失”,用cost sb.ones life,所以选B。8Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained _ into account before starting a new project.(2017南通如皋联考,13)Abe taken Bshould takeCwould be taken Dhave to be taken重点放在开始新项目之前要考虑所有要达到的目标的必要性。分析句子结构可知,that引导同位语从句,说明necessity的内容,necessity必要
25、性,为necessary的名词形式,其后所接名词性从句应用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should动词原形”结构,should可省略;在从句中,主语为all the objectives,to be attained为其后置定语,主语和take之间存在被动关系,应用被动形式(should) be taken。故选A项。9Its a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.I _ it,but I was busy preparing the coming exam.(2017南京九中学情调
26、研,25)Aattended Bhad attendedCwould have attended Dwould attend你错过了Thompson做的关于英国文化的讲座真是太遗憾了。我本打算参加的,但我忙于准备即将到来的考试(而没有去)。本打算要去而没去,符合这一意思的为C。10Life is full of ups and downs,and without the downs,the ups _ mean nothing.南京学情调研,26)Awould BmustCshould Dshall生活充满了起起伏伏,如果没有低谷,那站在高处也失去了意义。分析句子成分可知,本题为without的含蓄虚拟语气。根据Life i
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