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高一英语名词性从句讲解Word文件下载.docx

1、(不能用if) It is doubtful whether the manager knew the details of the plan 经理是否知道计划的细节,还值得怀疑。(也可用if) 3wh-类连接词引导的主语从句 wh-类连接词除起连接作用外,还在从句中作成分。连接代词主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等;连接副词在从句中作状语。 What you are doing is very difficult 你正在做的事情很难。(what引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语) Whoever breaks the law should be punished 任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。(whoev

2、er引导主语从句,在从句中作主语) Who will do the job has not been decided 还没决定谁去做那份工作。(who引导主语从句,在从句中作主语) When we shall have our sports meet is still a question 我们将什么时候开运动会还是个问题。(when引导主语从句,在从句中作状语) 4It+谓语+主语从句 有时主语从句放在句首,句子显得笨重,常把主语从句移到句末用it作形式主语。常用句型有以下四种: (1)It+系动词+形容词+thatwh-从句 常用于这种句型的形容词有:good(好);important(重

3、要的);likely(可能的);unlikely(不可能的);possible(可能的);clear(清楚的);necessary(必要的);true(真的);wrong(错误的);natural(自然的);strange(奇怪的)。 It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow 很可能明天会有一场暴风雪。 It is certain that your son will do well in his exam 你儿子在考试中取得好成绩是毋庸置疑的。 It is very important that we must master E

4、nglish words as many as possible 我们必须尽可能多地掌握英文单词,这是很重要的。 (2)It+系动词+名词+thatwh-从句 常用于这种句型的名词有:a fact(一个事实);a good idea(一个好主意);an honor(一种荣誉);a mystery(一个奥秘);a question(一个问题);a pity(一个遗憾);a shame(一种耻辱;一个遗憾);a pleasure(一件乐事);no wonder(难怪);common knowledge(常识)。 It is a pity that you didnt attend the lect

5、ure yesterday 你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。 It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish鲸鱼不是鱼,这是常识。 It is a complete mystery how the prisoner escaped囚犯是如何逃跑的,还是一个谜。 (3)It+系动词+过去分词+thatwh-从句 常用于这种句型的分词有:known(众所周知);proved(证明);said(据说);reported(据报道);decided(作出决定);suggested(有人建议);advised(有人建议);ordered(根据命令);rem

6、embered(有人记得);thought(有人认为);considered(据认为);well known(很著名);hoped(有人希望);turned out(结果);pointed out(有人指出)。 It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment 据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。 It is known to all that the earth is round 众所周知,地球是圆的。 It must be kept in mind that theory

7、 is combined-with practice 定要记住理论联系实际。 (4)It+不及物动词+thatwh-从句 常用于这种句型的动词有:appear似乎,好像;happen碰巧;matter重要;occur发生;seem似乎,好像。 It seems to me that you object to the plan在我看来,你好像反对这个计划。 It happened that I was not there that day碰巧那天我不在那里。 It suddenly occurred to him that the keys might be left in the car 他

8、突然想到钥匙也许丢在车里。 注意 以上四种句型中前三种在表示建议、要求、命令、愿望、责任、义务时,从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略,翻译成“应该”,如表示的是过去的动作,要用“should+have+过去分词”形式。如要表示对现在事物的惊奇、遗憾、惋惜时也常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略,翻译成“竟然;居然”。 It is advisable that she(should)take a couple of days of rest 建议她应该休息一两天。 It is suggested that each student(should)si

9、ng a song in English (有人)建议每个学生唱一首英语歌曲。 It is strange that he sbould say so他居然会这样说真是奇怪。 it is a great pity that you should think so你居然会这样想真是一件可悲的事。 It is no surprise that Carl should have won the game卡尔赢得比赛并不奇怪。 5主语从句应注意的几个问题 (1)that引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句尾,但是在下列情况下that从句不可提前。 在It is saidreportedbelieve

10、dhoped that.的结构中。 It is reported that a bank was robbed yesterday. 相当于A bank is reported to have been robbed yesterday. 在It happenedoccurredseemed.的结构中。 It happened that the teacher was not in the office that day 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时。 Is it true that you will give up the job?你将放弃工作是真的吗? (2)下面这种情况常用it作形式主语

11、。 在It doesnt matter+whatwhetherifhow.结构中。 It doesnt matter what you say你说什么没关系。 Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman? 工程师是男是女,这有什么要紧呢? (3)由what引导的主语从句谓语动词单复数问题 what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待,但是,在实际使用中究竟按单数还是按复数对待取决于其成分的含义。 What we need is more time.我们需要的是更多的时间。 What I did was to turn off the radio我

12、做的就是关掉收音机。 What I want you to learn now is to remember more words 现在我想让你学的是记住更多的单词。 What were left behind were five empty bottles扔掉的是五个空瓶子。 考点二 宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句称作宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词大体一样,用法也一样,宾语从句可分为四类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句,非谓语动词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 1动词的宾语从句 (1)that引导的宾语从句 that常用来引导宾语从句,在口语和非正式文体中that常

13、省去。 Richard hopes(that)the teacher wont ask him a question 理查德希望老师不会问他问题。 I believe(that)you are telling the truth.我相信你正在讲述事实。 在ask,suggest,demand,desire,insist,order,command,propose,recommend,require等表示要求、愿望、命令、建议等意义的动词之后,that从句中常用“(should)+动词原形”这种虚拟语气形式来表达。 The teacher suggested that we should cal

14、l off the plan 老师建议我们应该取消这项计划。 The company demanded that the production(should)rise at the rate of 5 percent a year 公司要求,生产应该以每年百分之五的速度提高。 当主句谓语动词为believe,expect,imagine,suppose,think等表示“认为”、“猜想”、“估计”的意思时,其后的宾语从句如果带否定意义,通常应将否定词“not”前置于主句谓语上。 I dont think(that)he will succeed我认为他不会成功的。 I dont suppose

15、 thal anyone will object to the plan 我想不会有任何人反对这个计划。 She didnt imagine that we would say anything她想到了我们不会说任何事情。 如果宾语从句后跟有补语,常用it作形式宾语,而将从句放到补语之后。 I think it important that young people master two languages 我认为年轻人掌握两种语言是重要的。 We must bear it in mind that theory should be combined with practice 我们必须牢记理

16、论联系实际。 I heard it said that the meeting would be put off我听说了会议要推迟。 She took it for granted that you knew the matter 她认为你知道这件事情是理所当然的。 在口语和非正式文体中,引导宾语从句的that常省去。但是如果有两个that引导的从句作宾语,第二个that通常不能省略,以免引起歧义。 I know(that)you have studied English。and that you have written an English poem 我知道你学英语了还写了一首英文诗。 S

17、he denied(that)she had seen the man and that she had been in touch with him 她否认她见过那个男人并和他保持联系。 在由doubt,doubtful引导的宾语从句中,如果主句为肯定句,宾语从句的连接词常用whether或if;如果主句为否定句或疑问句,宾语从句的连接词常用that。 I doubt ifwhether he can pass the exam我怀疑他是否通过了考试。 I dont doubt that he will pass the exam我毫不怀疑他会通过考试。 I am doubtful whet

18、herif they will win the game我怀疑他们是否会赢得比赛。 I am not doubtful that he will get the job我毫不怀疑他会得到工作。 (2)whetherif引导的宾语从句 whetherif引导的宾语从句,虽然是由一般疑问句转化而来,但要用陈述语序。 “Do you have enough money?”he asked He asked me whetherif I had enough money他问我是否有足够的钱。 whetherif引导动词的宾语从句时,两者一般能互换,但在下列几种情况中,一般多用whether。 whet

19、her引导的宾语从句置于句首时。 Whether he is an expert,I dont mind我不在乎他是否是专家。 whether后紧跟or not,不能用if;whether与or not分开,可用if。 They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student 他们怀疑杰克是否是个好学生。(不能换成if) discuss后的宾语从句。 We are now discussing whether we should go swimming 我们正在讨论是否去游泳。 后接动词不定式时。 Can you tell me whether to g

20、o or to stay?你能告诉我是去还是留? (3)wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句 wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来,但要用陈述语序。 “Where has my mother gone? He asked where his mother had gone他问他妈妈去哪儿了。 I know what they are doing我知道他们在干什么。 Do you know when the meeting will begin?你知道会议什么时候开始吗? I dont mind what he said我对他所说的话并不介意。 Take whichever you lik

21、e best挑选你最喜欢的随便拿一个。 2作介词的宾语从句 (1)介词后面可以跟whether和wh-类连接词引导的从句。 Success depends on whether we make enough effort 成功取决于我们是否做了足够的努力。 She always thinks of how she can do more for the people 她常常想到她怎样为人民做得更多。 As doctors,we must pay attention to what the patients complain of 作为医生,我们必须重视病人抱怨的事情。 (2)that从句通常不

22、能跟在介词后面作宾语,但可跟在带有形式宾语it之后作介词的真正宾语。这类词有see to,depend on,rely on,count on等。 I am counting on it that you will come我正指望着你会来。 See to it that the door is safely locked before you go 你走之前一定要锁好门。 此外,在介词in,except,besides和but之后可以跟that从句,但多被看作固定用法:in that(因为);except that(除了);but that(要不是)。 I know nothing abou

23、t his career except that he is a graduate of Tsinghua University 关于他的经历,除了知道他是清华大学毕业生之外,我就一无所知了。 He would have helped us but that he was short of money at that time 他本来会帮助我们的,要不是他那个时候缺钱。 (3)if和whether在引导宾语从句时可以互换。但介词后的宾语从句只能用whether,不能用if。 It is a question of whether we should go(不能用if) 这是一个我们是否应该去的

24、问题。 3作非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的宾语从句 (1)从句作不定式的宾语。 It is hard to say how long the operation will last很难说手术会持续多久。 (2)从句作动名词的宾语。 On learning(that)MrWang was seriously ill,the doctor went to see him at once 听到王先生病重了,医生立刻去看他。 (3)从句作分词的宾语。 Knowing(that)the patient was very weak,the nurse saw him home 护士知道病人很虚弱,陪

25、着他回家。 4作形容词的宾语从句 某些表示感情色彩或表示动态的形容词或分词(如:afraid,amazed,annoyed,anxious,aware,certain,confident,conscious,disappointed,doubtful,glad,pleased,sure,surprised等)作表语时,后面可跟一个意义上相当于宾语的名词从句。 She was afraid that she would lose face她害怕会丢面子。 I am not certain whether he will go with us我不能确定他是否会和我们一起去。 Our footbal

26、l team feels proud that it has won every match this year 我们的足球队很骄傲,它今年每一场比赛都赢了。 5.宾语从句的时态 主句与从句时态一致的问题 如果主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 I know he lived in a city four years ago我知道他四年前住在某个城市中。 He says he is going to swim with his friend tomorrow 他说他打算明天和朋友去游泳。 如果主句是过去范畴内的时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行

27、时),那么从句中一定要用过去范畴内的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。 He said that he had seen the film他说他曾看过这部电影。 She said that she would come她说她要来的。 We discussed whether we should let him off我们商量是否应该放过他这一回。 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时。 My father told me(that)the sun rises in the east 爸爸告诉我太阳从东方升起。(真理) He s

28、aid that Yao Ming is much taller than him他说姚明比他高很多。(事实) 考点三 表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于主句中的连系动词之后,常用的连接词与主语从句和宾语从句的连接词相同,用法也一样。此外,表语从句还可用as ifas though,because来引导。 1that和whether引导的表语从句 that和whether只起连接作用;在从句中不作成分;that无词义,一般不省略;翻译成“是否”,whether在表语从句中不能换成if。 What I particularly dislike about this lesson is that it is really boring 我特别不喜欢这门课在于它真的枯燥。 The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product 问题是我们能否降低产品的成本。 What he wants to know

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