英语特点语法Word文件下载.docx

1、His dream is to be a doctor.不定式作主语1） Its easy （for me） to do that.我做这事太容易了easy,difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible,comfortable, necessary, better;the first, the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enoughIts so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真高兴。s necessary for you to lock the

2、car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。2） Its very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。Kind,nice, stupid,rude, clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate（考虑周到的）,silly, selfish（自私的）例句:It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他

3、们任何东西，这显得太自私了。注意：1） 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型2） 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。3） 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型（对）To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。（错）It is to believe to see.不定式作补语1） 动词+宾语+不定式（to do）advise allow appoint believe cause challengecommand compelconsider declare driveenableencourage find forbid f

4、orceguess hireimagineimpelinduce informinstructinvite judge know likeorder permitpersuade remind reportrequest requireselectsend state suppose tell think traintrust understandurge warn例句：a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。b.We believe him to be guilty.我们相信他是有罪的。Find 的特殊用法：F

5、ind 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。I found him lying on the ground.I found it important to learn.I found that to learn English is important.典型例题:The next morning she found the man _ in bed，dead.A. lying B. lie C. lay D. layingA.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也

6、表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。2） to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare（声称）,discover, fancy（设想）,feel find,guess, judge,imagine,know, prove,see（理解）, show,suppose, take（以为）, understandWe consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。Charles Babbage is generally

7、considered_ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventing C. to have invented D. having inventedbe so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。Mary took him as her father .玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。不定式作宾语1） 动词+ 不定式af

8、ford aim appearagree arrangeaskbe decidebothercarechoose come dare demanddesiredetermine expectelectendeavorhopefail happen helphesitatelearn longmean manage offer ought planpreparepretend promiserefuseseem tend wait wish undertake举例：The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。I happ

9、en to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。2）动词+不定式 ;动词+宾语+不定式ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wishI like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。I w

10、ant you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。3） 动词+疑问词+ todecide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都

11、拿不定主意买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。小学英语语法复习：many,muchMany，much都意为许多， many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。How many people are there at the meeting?How much time has we left?Many of the workers were at the meeting.Much of the time was spent on learning.man

12、y,old,far1） 如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词many more +可数名词复数2） old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。My elder brother is an engineer.Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.3） far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。I have nothing further to

13、say.few,little,a few,a little（a） few + 可数名词, （a） little + 不可数名词a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点few / little为否定含义，没有多少了。He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。Although he s wealthy，he spends_ on clothes.A. little B.

14、 fewC. a little D. a few A. spend所指的是钱，不可数，只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用little表示几乎不。固定搭配:only a few （=few） not a few （=many） quite a few （=many）many a （=many）Many books were sold.Many a book was sold.卖出了许多书。both,either,neither,all,any,none这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之

15、前或第一助动词之后。1）both （两者都），either（两者中任何一个）， neither （两者都不）。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。2） both，eitherboth与复数连用，either与单数连用。Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。There are flowers on both sides of the street.（两岸）There are flowers on eit

16、her side of the street.（岸的两边）路边长满了野花。3） all （所有的，全部的人或物），any （任何一个）， none （都不）。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。I dont like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词;跟复数名词，用复数动词。All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那。All （of） the milk is t

17、here.所有的牛奶都在那。in,put on,wear,dress,have onin，put on，wear，dress, have on, pull on 用法辨析都含有“穿、戴”之意，但用法不同。in是介词，后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。This is a picture of a young man in a black coat.这是一张穿着黑色外套的年轻人的照片。这里in a black coat是young man的定语。He is in a black nylon jacket today. 今天他穿着黑色尼龙夹克。In a

18、black nylon jacket在这个句子里作表语。put on “穿上、戴上”，强调“穿”“戴”的动作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。I want you to put on this coat and this hat.我要你穿这件外套，戴这顶帽子。Put on your heavy winter coat if you are going out.如果你要出去，穿上你的厚冬衣。pull on的意思也是“穿上”，带有“匆忙”的意思：Its the weekend. I know youre free. So pull on your jeans and come out with me.现在是周末

19、，我知道你有空。所以穿上你的牛仔裤，和我一起出去吧。Youre late! Quickly pull on your clothes and leave! 你迟到了!快穿上衣服走吧!wear “穿着;戴着”，表示状态，宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。Youd better wear blue or black pants with blown shoes.穿棕色鞋子的时候, 最好要穿蓝色或黑色裤子。Why does he often wear dark sunglasses? 他为什么经常戴着深色的太阳镜?dress的宾语通常是人，意思是“给穿衣服”。dress oneself 或 ge

20、t dressed表示给自己穿衣服。My son is now able to dress himself. 我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。Its time to wake up and get dressed! 该起床穿衣服了。be dressed in 的意思是“穿着”，表示状态。She is dressed in a fur coat. 她穿着毛皮大衣。dress up的意思是“盛装打扮、乔装打扮”。Id like you to dress up for my birthday party tonight.今晚我希望你为我的生日派对打扮打扮。Young kids often dress up

21、 and have fun at Halloween.万圣节前夜小学英语语法辅导：没有比较级的形容词和副词没有比较级的形容词和副词包括：1）有些程度副词，如：quite, rather, comparatively, incomparably, relatively,fairly等与形容词连用具有比较含义。故这时句中的形容词不能再使用比较级。 例如：It is a set of comparatively new instrument in our laboratory.This book is rather difficult for the juniors, but fairly easy

22、 for theseniors.2）下列几类形容词也没有比较等级：（1）表示终极意义或绝对概念的形容词或副词。如：absolute（ly）, blind, dead,excellent, entire, living, full, perfect（ly）, round, relative, wrong等。（2）表示时间、方位或方向的形容词或副词。back, backward, forward, front,past, monthly, weekly, present, southern, vertical等。（3）部分表示事物性质、物质材料或结构成分的形容词。atomic, cultural,

23、economic, educational, golden, political, scientific, silken, urban, wooden等。（4）本身具有最或唯一概念的形容词。maximal, mere, minimal, matchless,sole, only unique等。时态时间标志口诀集锦1. 一般现在时：“总经常有每没（美眉）复星周”（借鉴毕春艳老师）总：always， usually等经常：often有：sometimes （记住，“有”不是have，而是“有时”）每：every week/month/year 等没：never复星周：on Mondays， on

24、 Tuesdays等2. 一般过去时：“昨天上个XX（读作叉叉）前，in加年份when字连”（原创）昨天：yesterday， 后面可以加morning， afternoon，evening等上个：last，后面可以加week， month，year等XX前：ago，前面可以加three weeks/months/years agoin加年份：in 2009/2008/1986/1220等，2010前全用一般过去时，后年2012前就都是过去时了，2012，世界末日？电影看多了。when字连：when I was a child等 when字后面都是过去时，也要用一般过去时。3. 一般将来时时间

25、标志口诀：正好和一般过去时对应：“明天下个XX后”明天：tomorrow，后面可以加morning， afternoon，evening下个：next，后面可以加week， month，year等XX后：after和in，后面可以加three weeks/months/years这里要注意一下，after后加时间点才表示将来，如after 3 oclock 。加时间段表示过去，如after 2 hours 表示过去。in后加时间段表将来，如in two years。4. 现在进行时：“现在时刻看和听，最近在哪请安静。”现在：now， at present， at the moment等时刻：Its ten oclock. Im beating Xiaoqiang.看和听：Look！ Listen！后面一般都用现在进行时。最近：What are you doing recently/these days？在哪：Where is Xiao Z？ Xiao Z is beating Xiaoqiang.请安静：Be quiet！/Dont make any noise！/Stop making noise！ Xiaoqiang is sleeping