初中英语句子成分讲解 练习及答案文档格式.docx

1、宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后.介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语.名词.代词.数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语.别的,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语. 解释2：及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语.宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语平日是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前. 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语.有的动词可以跟.如：give, show（给看）,bring, pass, buy等.如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2

2、）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语假如放在直接宾语之后,在暗示“人”的间接宾语之前会消失介词“to”或“for”.间接宾语前加“to”的有： give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（谢绝）等.间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（敕令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the b

3、ook.（他将书递给我.） 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成：（4）He will buy me some books. 改成：（5）She is making me a cake. 改成：（四）宾语补足语 在宾语后面填补解释宾语的动作.状况.特点的成分,称为宾语补足语.名词.形容词.副词.介词短语以及动词不定式.分词等可用作宾语补足语.宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语.They make her happy.（形容词） I see her dance.（不定式） Well help you to make the Olympics a success.（名词） P

4、lease let him in.（副词） We heard her singing a song.（分词短语）（五）表语 表语解释主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词.形容词.副词.介词.不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任.它的地位在系动词后面.I am a teacher.（名词） He is always happy.（形容词） They are on the playground now.（介词短语） It gets cold.（形容词） Be动词（am,is,are, was, were）系动词 表保持（keep, stay, remain） 表转变（get, become, t

5、urn） 感官动词（feel,sound（听起来）,seem/look（看起来）,taste（尝起来）,smell（闻起来）如：It sounds interesting.（sound为系动词,interesting为表语） We should all remain careful. Remain（为系动词, careful为表语） （六）定语 定语是用来润饰名词或代词的.形容词.代词.数词.名词.介词短语.不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等. 单个词作定语时,平日放在它所润饰的名词之前. 如：The black bike is mine.（形容词） Whats your name?（代词） T

6、hey make paper flowers.（名词） 解释1：当定语润饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything, something等时,定语在不定代词后面. 如：I tell him something interesting. （形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语） He has something to do. （to do为不定式作后置定语） 解释2：短语或从句作定语时,也放在被润饰的名词之后. 如：The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room是介词短语作the

7、boys的后置定语.）（七）状语 润饰动词.形容词.副词.一般暗示行动产生的时光.地点.目标.方法.程度等意义,一般由副词.介词短语.不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来暗示.状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首.句中.He did it carefully.（副词） We often help him.（副词） Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介词短语） When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时光状语） He sits there.（副词地点状语）【简略句的五种根本句型】

8、A. 主语+不及物动词（主谓）The sun rises. 太阳升起来. The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了. rise和stop都是不及物动词,是以后边不必加宾语. B. 主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book. C. 主语+系动词+表语（主系表） 如：Her brother is a driver. We feel happy.（feel为系动词,暗示觉得） It gets dark.天黑了.（get为系动词,暗示变得） Tom looks ill. T

9、om看上去病了.（look为系动词,暗示看上去,看起来） D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语.间接宾语）（主谓+直宾+间宾）He gives Tom a present.（双宾语） 他给汤姆一件礼品. Mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语） 妈妈为我做了一件衣服. E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（主+谓+宾+宾补）They call her Mary.（宾补） 他们叫她Mary. We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补） 我们使我们的教室清洁而整洁. He always makes us laugh.（宾补

10、） 他总使我们笑.二、典范例题写出划线部分的句子成分. 1. Lily is cleaning the desk now. 2. Her garden is the best in our town. 3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old. 4. I like this book very much. 5. The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister. 6. She didnt come to my party because she was ill. 7. Wang Ping does his homework caref

11、ully. 8. We will go to the Childrens Palace once a week. 9. They are in the classroom. 10. It sounds good. 11. His name is Paul. 12. We always go to school early.三、课后演习（一） 挑出下列句中的宾语My brotherdoesntdohis homework.A B C DPeoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish. A B C D You must paygoodattentiontoyourpronun

12、ciation. A B C D How many newwordsyoulearn? A B C D Some of thestudentsin the school wantto go swimming,howaboutyou? A B C D（二） 挑出下列句中的表语 The old manisfeelingverytired. A B C D Why isheworriedJim? A B C DTheleaveshaveturnedyellow. A B C D SoonTheybecome interestedin the subject. A B C D Shethe first

13、to learnabout it. A B C D（三） 挑出下列句中的定语 useMr. Mrs. with thefamilyname.Whatgivenname? On thethirdlapareClass 1 and Class 3. A B C D I amafraidsomepeopleforgotto sweepthe floor.The mandownstairswastryingto sleep.（四） 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 Shelikesthe childrento read newspapers and booksin thereading-room.A B C

14、D Heasksherto take the boyout of school.A B C D Shefinditdifficultto do the work. TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr. Wangget on the bus.A B C D（五） 挑出下列句中的状语Therea big smileon her face.Every nightheardthe noiseupstairs. HebeganEnglishwhen he was eleven.on the motorbikeis travellingto fast.With the medic

15、ine box under her arm,MissLihurried off. A B C D（六） 划出句中的直接宾语（ ）和间接宾语（ ） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Does he leave any message for me?典范例题答案一.写出划线部分的句子成分. 1. 主,谓,宾,状 2. 定,状 3. 表 4. 谓,宾,状 5. 定,定 6. 谓,状 7. 谓,宾,状 8. 谓,状 9. 表 10. 表 11. 定,表 12. 状,状课后演习（三） D D B A B （四） D B D C B（五） C C A B B （六） C C C C D （七） D A D D A （八） us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语