计算机科学与技术英文文献文档格式.docx

1、这就是所谓的替代high performance互联网服务器应用程式接口（ISAPI）。代替了housing功能编程档案，利用DLLs代替了复杂的编写程序的过程，同其它软件比较DLLs具有很大的优势，在性能上也有所扩充。Introduction to DevelopmentTo overcome the performance and scalability problems that CGI brings, Microsoft developed a new way for developers to build scalable applications. This high perfor

2、mance alternative is called the Internet Server Application Programming Interface（ISAPI）. Instead of housing functionality in executable files, ISAPI uses DLLs. Using DLLs instead of executable programs has some definite performance and scalability advantagesISAPI在功能上有所扩展，它可以向用户提出要求，使单一ISAPI扩展执行多种任务

3、。就像CGI的例子一样, ISAPI再使用时必须使用目录执行许可认证, 或利用DLL下载客户端，而不是直接在服务器上使用，ISAPI扩展通常用来处理用户的要求做出回应，这和使用CGI的方式非常类似。The ISAPI extension could also be called with arguments that will allow a single ISAPI extension to perform multiple tasks. Just as in the CGI example, the directory must have execute permissions enabl

4、ed, or the DLL will be downloaded to the client rather than run on the server. ISAPI extensions are typically used to process client requests and output a response as HTML, which is very similar to the way CGI programs are used.凡是直接与CGI重复的申请必须经过ISAPI的过滤器。但是，ISAPI过滤器没有明确的要求，相反，它们被称为to certain针对IIS的生活

5、事件要求，发展商在任何一种称为ISAPI过滤器的事件发生后，才能提出要求，具体发生事件如下：1当服务器发生客户邀请事件时。2当客户使用真实服务器时。3当服务器从逻辑URL绘制物理URL图形时。4在原始数据由客户发送给服务器时。5在原始数据由客户发送到服务器,但在服务器程序运行之前时。6当信息服务器原数据时。7在协议结束时。ISAPI filters perform a function that cant be directly duplicated with CGI applications. ISAPI filters are never explicitly called; instea

6、d, they are called by IIS in response to certain events in the life of a request. The developer can request that an ISAPI filter be called whenever any of the following events occur:1When the server has preprocessed the client headers2When the server authenticates the client3When the server is mappi

7、ng a logical URL to a physical URL4Before raw data is sent from the client to the server5After raw data is sent from the client to the server but before the server processes it6When the server logs information7When the session is ending作为过滤器，ISAPI过滤器只通知要求,然后服务器就会尽快处理要求。其中较常见的是给用户提供认证功能。另一个是使用HTML修改文

8、本,然后服务器会自动将其送交给客户端。举个例子，可以用ISAPI过滤器的背景颜色来改变每一个页面的颜色，这是由于ISAPI过滤器几乎是共同的ISAPI扩展，但是由于本文的篇幅有限，所以，我们不能在这本书中进一步介绍它，如果你想了解更多的关于ISAPI扩展方面的知识，你可以看看我的书的服务器应用这一章节的内容，ISAPI几个具体的起点职务,必须由DLL输出，同时利用这些切入点, IIS可以负荷的DLL，功能要求它执行, 在经过必要的参数，接收数据和写回浏览器。ISAPI只需两起实施这些功能点切入点。As with any filter, ISAPI filters should request

9、only the notifications it requires and process them as quickly as possible. One of the more common uses of ISAPI filters is to provide custom authentication. Another use is to modify the HTML that will be sent to the client. For example, an ISAPI filter could be used to change the background color o

10、f each page. Because ISAPI filters arent nearly as common as ISAPI extensions, I wont cover them any further in this book. If you want to learn more about ISAPI extensions, you can check out my book Inside Server-Based Applications （Microsoft Press, 1999）.ISAPI specifies several entry-point function

11、s that must be exported from the DLL. Using these entry points, IIS can load the DLL; call the functions that it implements, passing in parameters as required; and receive the data to write back to the browser. ISAPI requires only two entry-point functions to be implemented these entry points, IIS c

12、an load the DLL; and receive the data to write back to the browser. ISAPI requires only two entry-point functions to be implemented一个更好的方法：动态页面。如果你想知道我们为什么要编注一本关于在程序应用的书，那么我们就会告诉你，其实它的答案在于执行的具体细节及其前身, 动态页面（ASP）。在这之前，我们需要了解ISAP与Iadeeper的联系,只有这样才能了解。 A Better Solution: Active Server PagesIf youre wond

13、ering why weve dwelt on the alternatives to in a book about programming , the answer lies in the details of the implementation of and its predecessor, Active Server Pages （ASP）. Understanding ISAPI is required for adept understanding of ASP and thus .是的一部分，微软推出新技术的最初代号为 Denali 这是在微软的主动期间, 现在，这项技术终于正

14、式命名为动态页面技术，或者叫做ASP。它的前几个版本已出版,其中最重要的版本,包括选择包和协议）、Windows2000和协议）。对于这次讨论的目的,首先，我们要把ASP作为一个整体来看待,而不要想它的不同版本。During the beta of IIS , which became part of Windows NT , Microsoft introduced a new technology initially codenamed “Denali.” This was during Microsofts “Active” period and so the technology wa

15、s eventually named Active Server Pages, or ASP. Several versions of have been released, most notably the versions included with Windows NT Option Pack （ASP and IIS and Windows 2000 （ASP and IIS . For the purposes of this discussion, Ill consider ASP as a whole, without referring to version differenc

16、esASP在很短的时间内成为了一个协议,这在很大程度上是因为它把一些非常困难的问题（动态网页内容创造）变得比较容易。创造CGI应用和ISAPI应用是一件非常困难的事情,但是程序员利用ASP进行编程却变得非常容易，ASP利用VB. NET开发. 几百万个程序开发人员多多少少有点熟悉Visual Basic、Visual Basic应用（VBA）或VBScript。正是有了这些发展, ASP成为进入网络时代的一个基本标志。当然程序开发人员本可以学习新的编程语言,他们都没有出色. 部分原因是它源于VBScript,用ASP去建立网络应用成为可行的方法。 became an instant hit,

17、in large part because it made something that was difficult（create dynamic Web content） relatively easy. Creating CGI applications and ISAPI applications wasnt terribly difficult, but using ASP was much simpler By default, ASP uses VBScript. Literally millions of developers are at least somewhat fami

18、liar with Visual Basic, Visual Basic for Applications （VBA）, or VBScript. For these developers, ASP was the way to enter the Internet age. Certainly the developers could have learned a new programming language, but they didnt have to with ASP. Partly because of its use of VBScript, ASP became a viab

19、le way to build Web applications.同样重要的是通过微软启动Objects（ADO） 可以比较容易获得数据库资料。当程序开发人员需要产生动态内容,动态内容显然是需要来自某处，而使用ADO可以使访问数据库变得容易。Just as important was the relatively easy access to databases allowed through Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects （ADO）. When you need to generate dynamic content, that dynamic content

20、 obviously needs to come from somewhere, and ADO made it easy to get at that data.最后,也许最重要的是, 的发展模式允许程序开发人员只简单的写代码并能运行. 无需进行详细设置步骤，或编译。的程序开发人员需要认真掌握这一发展模式, 即使情形有点不同。Finally, and perhaps most important, the development model allowed developers to essentially write code and run it. There was no need t

21、o perform compilation or elaborate installation steps. the architects were careful to capture this same development model, even though whats going on under the covers is quite a bit different.的最新使用办法。 版本和Windows2000几乎是在同一时间发布的,它的发布使人们清楚地看到了与开发未来网站密切相关的软件。微软推出新版本保留协议和发展模式深受广大用户的喜爱。同时程序开发人员可以把创造的用户和密码

22、正确的添加得到许可目录, 而且还引进创新思想，使程序开发人员更容易分离其内容和应用。A New Solution:When version of was released along with Windows 2000, it became clearer that the future of software development was closely tied to the future of the Web. As part of its .NET initiative, Microsoft has introduced , a new version of ASP that ret

23、ains the model of development ASP developers have come to know and love: you can create the code and place it in the correct directory with the proper permissions, and it will just work. also introduces innovations that allow easier separation of the development of the core of an application and its

24、 presentation.添加了很多很多的特点，并且提高了很多能力; 它实在是一个全新的产品, 虽然新产品的设计与开发经验,使这一协议得到了发展. 有一些明显的特点：网架构：网是一个框架结构，便于网络设计和传统应用。.NET Framework: The .NET Framework is an architecture that makes it easier to design Web and traditional applications.通用语言runtime： Runtime提供一套服务给所有的。如果你是一个想把ASP scripting和COM objects相结合的程序设计员

25、, 你会体会到穿梭多种编程语言的乐趣。Common language runtime: The common language runtime provides a set of services for all languages. If youre an ASP developer who has had to combine ASP scripting with COM objects, youll appreciate the beauty of a common set of types across many languages.汇编语言: 提供了更高性能的汇编语言。汇编语言允许开

26、发者验证至少语法是正确的代码，ASP不提供任何这类帮助, 所以语法错误可能不是那么简单被察觉,直到第一次执行代码。Compiled languages: provides enhanced performance through the use of compiled languages. Compiled languages allow the developer to verify that code is at least syntactically correct. ASP doesnt provide any such facility, so simple syntax error

27、s might not be caught until the first time the code is executed.最新潮的语言Visual Basic：Visual Basic的最新版提供了一个新的, 简洁语法。C#是仿照C+设计出来的新语言，但一些不安全的特点使c+难以被用来建立可靠应用。这两种语言都能直接使用,但其他语言都要借助第三方。到写本文为止, Cobol语言和Eiffel语言应该都能通过VisualStudio.NET实现了。Cool new languages Visual Basic: .NET is a completely new version of Vis

28、ual Basic that provides a new, cleaner syntax. C# is a new language designed to look and feel a lot like C+, but without some of the unsafe features that make C+ difficult to use to create reliable applications. These two languages are available out of the box, but other languages will be available

29、from third parties as well. As of this writing, COBOL and Eiffel implementations should be available for Visual Studio .NET as well.VisualStudio.NET：VisualStudio.NET是一个新的开发环境，带来了快速应用开发（RAD）服务器。Visual Studio .NET: Visual Studio .NET is a cool new development environment that brings rapid application

30、development （RAD） to the server.提高部分：网框架使用新型支持组件，可以方便地在运行中的应用中替换。Improved components: The .NET Framework supports the use of new types of components that can be conveniently replaced in a running application.网站形式：允许仿照者通过常见HTML部件的事件处理程序一起发展。Web Forms: Web Forms allow Visual Basiclike development, wit

31、h event handlers for common HTML widgets.XML网络服务：XML网络服务同意开发者提供服务，以使他们能够获得行业标准协议。XML Web services: XML Web services enable developers to create services and then make them available using industry standard protocols.：是一项新技术，它可以使应用更快捷的获得数据库中的数据和其它形式的数据，如：可扩展标记语言（XML）。: ADO for the .NET Framework is a

32、 new version of the technology that allows applications to more conveniently get at data residing in relational databases and in other formats, such as Extensible Markup Language （XML.）结论这个短暂的web发展历史应该向你提供了学习的基础。学习一种编程语言与开发环境很像学习一种人类的语言。虽然书上的语法和词汇有一些帮助,但是，它们仅仅只是对人们了解语言的历史有用。ConclusionThis brief history of Web d