M6 情态动词和虚拟语气文档格式.docx

1、must have done 表示对过去肯定的推测。1.仅用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测，“一定 准是”2.反义疑问句：didnt 或者 havent.He must have studied English last night,didnt he ?因为有last night,表示的是过去的时间状语，所以用didnt。He must have studied English for years,hasn因为有for years 表示一段时间，持续至今，所以用现在完成时。can/could +have done表示对过去否定疑问的推测。1.只能用在否定和疑问句中。2.时间上都表示过去

2、，语气上can比could更肯定3.could+have done 常表示对过去可能做而没有做某事的遗憾，不高兴。should /ought to +have done1.肯定句中，表示过去应该做而实际上没有做的事。2.否定句中，表示不该做而实际上做了。3.ought to 比should 口气更强烈may/might +have done 对过去某事可能性的推测。1.might 比may的可能性更小2.might have done 表示“本该 而 没”.表示委婉的责备、遗憾、愤怒。3.如果主句动词是过去时，间接引语只能用 might have done4.may +have done 只能

3、用于肯定或否定句中。neednt +have done 表示做了没有必要的事。只用在否定和疑问句中。虚拟语气一、虚拟语气用于条件句说明从句主句与现在事实相反If主语动词的过去式（be动词过去式通常用were）主语would或should/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反If主语动词的过去完成式（had +动词过去分词）主语would或should/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实相反?If主语should动词原形If主语were to动词原形特别注意以下情况：倒装结构如果条件状语从句的谓语动词有were，had或should，可以把if省去，而把were，had或s

4、hould移到主语前面，以倒装形式表示虚拟条件。错综时间条件句当条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致的时候（如一个发生在过去，一个发生在现在），动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。含蓄条件句有些介词短语如with/without.，but for+名词或代词.but that+从句（要不是），in that case 等，可以表示虚拟条件，连词but（但是），副词otherwise（否则），并列连词or（否则）也可以表示虚拟条件；可以转换为一个if条件句。二、虚拟语气用于其他从句使用情况用法说明在宾语从句中的使用在suggest（建议），advise（建议），recommend

5、（建议，劝告），propose（建议），demand（要求），request（请求），require（要求），order（命令），command（命令），insist（坚持），desire（欲望）等动词后的宾语从句中要求用“should动词原形”或只用动词原形。特别注意suggest和insist使用陈述句的情况wish后的宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望。Wish+主语+过去式（be动词常与were）表示与现在事实相反Wish +主语+had done表示与过去事实相反Wish+主语+would do表示与将来事实相反在would rather，had rather，的宾语从句中，表示“希望，宁愿

6、”，表示现在或将来的情况，谓语动词用过去时；表示过去的情况，谓语动词用过去完成时。在it is（high或about）time（that）的句型中，宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去时，有时也可以用“should动词原形（should不能省略）”，意为“（早）该”。在主语从句中的使用“It is过去分词（suggested，desired，requested，ordered，proposed，advised，demanded等）that引导的主语从句”中that从句的谓语动词可用“should动词原形”或省略should只用动词原形。在主语从句中用以表示惊奇、惋惜、怀疑、不满、理应如此等时，也用虚拟语

7、气“should动词原形”，用于以下两种结构。Its necessary/ important/ surprising/natural/strange/ incredible （难以置信的）.that.（用于这种句型的形容词不是很多，同学们掌握这几个就够了。）s a pity/a shame/no wonder that.在表语从句中和同位语从句中使用当表示建议、要求、命令等的名词（如suggestion，advice，proposal，request，demand，requirement，order，idea等。）做主语时，其后的表语从句和同位语从句也用虚拟语气，用“should动词原形”或

8、只用动词原形。在as if/though（似乎、好像、仿佛），even if/though（即使，就算）从句中的使用同wish后的结构：即As if +主语+过去式（be动词常与were）表示与当时事实相反As if +主语+had done表示与过去事实相反As if +主语+would do表示与将来事实相反在so that和in order that 从句主句（现在时）+ so that （+may; can; will; be able to）主句（过去时）+ so that （+could; might; would）In caseLestFor fear that 引导的状语从句F

9、or fear that 引导的状语从句中可用虚拟语气，结构为should +动词原形If only句型在if only引起的表示愿望的感叹句中要用虚拟语气（和 wish 后宾语从句谓语动词的形式一样），意为“但愿”“要是就好了”。用于表示祝愿的句子中Long live+主语！万岁May you +动词原形！但愿 it is/was the first times that .动词形式用现在完成式或过去完成式 例题精析例题1：I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How

10、 unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen思路分析：句意为“我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希

11、望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。参考答案：B例题2：What do you think of store shopping in the future? Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced 句意为“你对将来的商店购物怎么看？我个人认为会与在家购

12、物并存，但商店购物不会被取代。”根据I think it will exist along with home shopping，排除虚拟的选项D，这是表示将来的时间，考虑到被动语态。C例题3：Hows your new babysitter? We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt句意为“-你们的新保姆怎么样？”“-找不到更好的了，我们的孩子都喜欢她”。should 应该，might 可能，mustnt 禁止， couldnt 不可能D例题4

13、：Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been句意为“孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。A例题 5：We _Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A.wil

14、l put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put句意为“要不是因为他最近受伤，我们本应该把John的名字加进昨天的比赛名单中。”but for 是虚拟语气的提示，yesterday表示过去的时间。对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达.例题 6：I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by

15、Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may shall在第二人称中表示允诺, 还可以表示强制, 命令, 威胁, 警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。例题 7：-the weather has very hard and dry. -Yes. If it had rained a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .A wouldnt die B didnt die C hadnt die D wouldnt have died第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确【答案】的关键。

16、要是当时下雨了, 现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨, 所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldnt have died.If+ had done, 主句为couldnt/ shouldnt/ wouldnt have done. 课堂巩固练习1.-I wonder why Mr Green hasnt showed up at the meeting yet. -Im not sure, but he _ in a traffic jam driving here

17、. A. could be stuck B. might stuck C. might have been stuck D. must have stuck 2. Why didnt you come to Mikes birthday party yesterday? Well, I _, but I forgot it. A. should B. must C. should have D. must have 3. Janes pale face suggested that she ill, and her parents suggested that she- medical exa

18、mination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; have D. was; has 4、 I dont think he could have done such a stupid thing last night, _? A. did he B. could he C. do I D. hasnt he 5、 Shall I go and buy two more bottles of beer? No, Ive already bought twenty. That _ be enough for us two. A. can

19、B. may C. ought to D. might 6、Im thinking of losing weight these days. Oh, you be out of your mind. Youre 50 kilograms at the most! A. will B. should C. may D. must 7、He knows so much about the story. He must have read the book, ?A. mustnt he B. doesnt he C. hasnt he D. didnt he 8、He did not regret

20、saying what he did but felt that he it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 9、Guess what？ I have got A for my term paper.? Great!You read widely and put a lot of work into it.?A.must B.should? C.must have D.should have 10. He hasnt finished th

21、e work yet. Well, he _.A. ought B. ought to C. ought to have D. ought to have finished答案：1-5 C C B A C 6-10 D C C C C 能力提升In a land far away, once upon a time there was great poverty （贫困）,and only the rich could manage without great _26_. Three of those rich men and their servants were_27_together o

22、n a road when they came to a very_28_village.The first could not stand seeing the poverty, _29 he took all the gold and jewels from his wagons （四轮载重马车） and shared _30 out among the villagers. He wished them all the best of luck, and he left. The second rich man ,seeing the _31 situation, stopped for

23、 a short time and gave _32 all his food and drink, since he _33 see that money would be of little _34 to them. He made sure that they each _35 their fair share and would have enough food to _36 for some time . Then, he left.The third rich man, on seeing such poverty, _37 and went straight through th

24、e _38 without stopping. The two other rich men saw this from a distance and commented with each other_39 the third rich man lacked sympathy. It was _40 that they themselves had been there to offer help.However, three days later, they 41 the third rich man ,who was coming in the opposite direction .

25、He was 42 travelling quickly, but his wagons, 43 the gold and valuables they had been 44 ,were now full of farming tools and bags of 45 .He was rushing back to help them out of poverty.26. A. loss B. Expectations C. success D. problems 27. A. standing B. travelling C. gathering D. running 28. A. far

26、away B. poor C. different D. ancient 29. A. unless B. because C. so D. if 30. A. them B. anything C. nothing D. those 31. A. curious B.worrying C. dangerous D. puzzling 32. A. the villagers B. his servants C. the others D. the rest 33. A. could B. might C. should D. must 34. A. interest B.concern C.

27、 use D. attraction 35. A. returned B. gained C. offered D. received 36.A.remain B.last C.supply D.share 37.A.turned back B.set out C. showed off D. speeded 38.A.village B.land C.field D.road 39.A.whether B.how C.where D.when 40.A.good B.certain C.true D.strange 41.A.welcomed B.met C.accepted D.persu

28、aded 42.A.still B.already C.always D.indeed 43. A. except B. instead of C. apart from D. along with 44.A. loading B. treasuring C. carrying D. earning 45.A. food B. jewels C. money D. seeds .DBBCA BAACD BDABA BABCD第八讲 非谓语动词非谓语动词在句子中的形式变化及作用1. 对于非谓语动词首先需要对其相应的变化形式有一个系统的了解，如表格所示：动名词（以动词do为例）形式主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done 完成进行式having been doing不定式