英美概况试题范围附答案.docx

1、英美概况试题范围附答案名词解释：1 .The Great Depression2 Industrial Revolution 3 Melting Pot4. Black Death5. American Constitution1.On October 24， 1929， the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper profits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economic depression.2. The Industrial

2、 Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile industry.3. Since the Uni

3、ted States is a nation of many ethnic groups， it is also known as a “melting pot，” meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.4. Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague， an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas. It

4、 spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed many people. As a result of the plague， much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.5. The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of Ame

5、rican government and the supreme law of the land. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism and introduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history.。1929年10月24日,美国股市崩盘。数十亿美元的账面利润是在几个小时内消失。这

6、导致了长期的经济萧条。2。工业革命指的是机械化工业和社会和经济组织的后果在18世纪末和19世纪初的英国。英国是第一个工业化的国家。工业革命在英国首先开始于纺织工业。3。因为美国是一个多民族的国家,它也被称为“大熔炉”,意味着移民来自世界各地不同国家混合组成美国国家。4。黑死病是现代的名字给了致命的黑死病,病由鼠蚤传播流行。在14世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰在1348年的夏天没有警告。它造成许多人死亡。由于瘟疫,大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏。5。美国的宪法是美国政府的基本仪器和最高法律。它是世界上最古老的成文宪法。1787年制定,并于1789年生效。它建立联邦制和引进制衡政府历史上第一次。th

7、e Black DeathIt was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It ca

8、used far-reaching economic consequences. 这是致命的黑死病在14世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰没有警告,任何治疗,和毫不吝惜的受害者。它杀死了一半到三分之一的人口。因此,大片土地无人照管和劳动力短缺。它造成了深远的经济后果。Bloody MaryHenry VIIIs daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary

9、 is also remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais. 亨利八世的女儿和一位虔诚的天主教徒。当她成为皇后,迫害和烧毁许多新教徒。所以她被“血腥玛丽”的绰号。玛丽也记得君主失去法国加来港。.the Great LakesThe Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake

10、Michigan the only one entirely in the U.S. Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan. 五大湖在美国最重要的湖泊。苏必略湖,是世界上最大的淡水湖,密歇根湖,唯一一个完全在美国,休伦湖,伊利湖和安大略湖。他们都位于加拿大和美国之间除了密西根湖。What is meant by the term “welfare state” in Britain? The we

11、lfare state is a system of government by which the state provides the economic and social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensions and other facilities. The system is funded out of national insurance contributions and taxation. In Britain the term applies mainly

12、 to National Health Service (NHS), national insurance and social security. “福利国家”政府的福利国家是一个系统的国家提供经济和社会保障的公民通过其组织卫生服务、养老金和其他设施。该系统是由全国保险税和赋税。术语主要适用于在英国国民健康服务(NHS),国民保险和社会保障。What are some of the characteristics of American education?(1) Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, se

13、condary and higher education.(2) Public educations is free and compulsory.(3) Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education.(4)Education is a function of the states, not the federal government.美国教育的特点是什么?(1)在美国正规的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。(2)公共教育是免费和义务的。(3)多样性被认为是美国教育的一个突出特点。

14、(4)教育是美国的函数,而不是联邦政府。What role does the community college play?What functions does it perform?What is it important in American higher education?What is the guiding principle of such a college? The community college as an institution is one of the most important innovations in the history of American

15、higher education more accessible and in meeting the needs of educated adults, employees of local business, professional requiring certification as well as community organizations.It performs five main functions. First, it prepares students for transferring to a BA program at a four-year institution.

16、 Second, it provides vocational training for people who are already working or expect to be working in the future. Third, it gives remedial instruction to higher school students who are underprepared for college academically and adults who did not learn basic skills in elementary or secondary school. Fourth, it offers recreational, cultural activities for adults who are no