1、全国卷)In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.was根据“In 1969, the pollution was terrible”可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的事情,因此用一般过去时,由于主语是It,因此此处谓语用was。.单句改错1(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countrysid
2、e with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there._findfound根据第一句中的时间状语During my last winter holiday可知,此处叙述的是去年寒假中的事情,故第二句中的谓语动词应用一般过去时。2(2018全国卷)I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school._arewere根据主句的谓语动词didnt realize和until引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词entered可知,此处叙述的是
3、过去的事情,应用一般过去时。3(2018全国卷)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin._beginbegun根据语境:写作课刚刚已经开始,再结合前面的had,表明这是一个过去完成时的句子,因此把begin改为 begun。全国卷)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank._goeswent此处讲述的是发生在过去
4、的事情,所以用一般过去时。5(2017全国卷)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!_camecomes此处主句是一般将来时,when引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来,且从句主语为第三人称单数,故应用comes。6(2017全国卷)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the schoo
5、l music club._becomebecame此句中的become和前面的entered是并列谓语,形式上应保持一致,故become应使用一般过去时。7(2016全国卷)Some classmates suggest we should go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost much, yet we can still learn a lot._thoughtthink根据前面的suggest和后面的does, can still learn 可知此处应用一般现
6、在时。8(2016全国卷)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. However, my parents didnt seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it._telltold根据前面两句的时态可知此处应用一般过去时。9(2015全国卷)Tony was scared and begun to cry. begunbegan“was scared”与“begun”是由and连接的两个并列谓语,由“w
7、as scared”可知应用一般过去时,begin的过去式是began, begun是其过去分词,所以begun改为began。10(2015全国卷)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop._tellingtold句子的主语为“A woman”,谓语为saw, crying为宾语补足语,and连接的是两个并列谓语,而不是两个宾语补足语,所以telling改为told。谨记规则(一)一般现在时1表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与频度副词及表示现在的时间状语连用。例如:always总是 often经常
8、usually通常sometimes有时 hardly ever几乎不 frequently经常on Sundays在星期天 seldom很少 yearly每年 2表示主语目前的性质、特征、状态或能力等。He is a man of few words.他是一个少言寡语的人。3表示客观事实、普遍真理及自然现象,或用在格言中。4表示按规定、计划、安排、时间表等马上要发生的事情,常与具体的时间状语连用。该用法常用于火车时刻表、飞机航班时刻表,以及电影开演、作息、安排等时刻表上,且仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词,例如:come来go去 arrive到达leave离开 begin开始 start开始ta
9、ke off起飞 finish完成 stop停止(二)一般过去时1表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,其中包括过去的习惯性动作,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。yesterday昨天 in 2019在2019年the other day几天前 . days/years ago 天/年前once upon a time从前 the day before yesterday前天last week/month/year 上周/上个月/去年2描述过去时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。He opened his eyes, put on his clothes quickly and jumped down
10、from the bed.他睁开眼睛,迅速穿上衣服,并从床上跳了下来。特别注意在before和after引导的时间状语从句中,若表示两个过去的动作相继发生,两个动作都用一般过去时,前一个动作不必用过去完成时。Henry visited New York before he left for Washington.亨利去华盛顿之前游览了纽约。3有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明,但实际上是“刚才,刚刚”发生,应使用一般过去时。如I didnt know .或I forgot .等表示事先或说话之前不知道或不记得,但现在已知道或记得的事情。I didnt know you were here.我不知道
11、你在这里。(三)一般将来时1will/shall动词原形(1)表示将要发生的动作或将来存在的状态,shall一般用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。tomorrow明天 in the future将来later on后来 before long不久以后;很快next week/month/year下周/下个月/明年the day after tomorrow后天(2)will还可表示说话时临时作出的决定。Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I will call him later.杰
12、克逊医生现在不在办公室。好吧,我过会给他打电话。2be going to动词原形表示按计划、打算将要做某事;还可表示“预见”,即根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看那些乌云。要下雨了。3be about to动词原形/be on the point of动名词“be about to动词原形”及“be on the point of动名词”表示“立即的将来(immediate future)”,因此,这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用,但可以和并列连词when(and at that time)引出的分
13、句连用。The train is about to start.火车就要开了。4be to动词原形用法例句表示“按计划或安排即将要做的事”They are to meet at the gate of the school.他们将在学校门口见面。表示“按照职责、义务、规定、命令等应该做某事”,相当于should, ought toYou are to report it to the police.你应该报警。表示注定要发生的事情Your plan is to be a failure. 你的计划注定要失败。(四)过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,其构成是“s
14、hould/would动词原形;was/were (going/about) to动词原形”。He said he would be here at nine oclock.他说他会在九点钟到这里。单句语法填空北京高考改编)Susan had quit her wellpaid job and _ (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. was working句意:去年我拜访苏珊的时候,她已经辞去了那份高薪的工作,正在社区当志愿者。根据句意可知,此处强调过去的时间点正在进行的动作,因此用过去
15、进行时。天津高考改编)I _ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.was driving句意:我正开车去伦敦时,突然发现走错路了。be doing sth. when .是固定句型,表示“正在做某事,这时突然”。3(2014北京高考改编)Hi, lets go skating.Sorry, Im busy right now.I _ (fill) in an application form for a new job.am filling句意:“嗨,我们去滑冰吧。”“抱歉,我现在正
16、忙着呢。我正在填一份新工作的申请表。”此句表示说话时正在发生的动作,故用现在进行时。(一)现在进行时1表示现在(说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作、状态,或现阶段一直进行着的动作,常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。其构成是“am/is/are doing”。now现在right now现在 at present目前these days目前;如今at this moment此刻2一些非延续性动词可用现在进行时表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,常见的这类动词有:come来go去leave离开arrive到达 start开始 begin开始return返回 move移动 take拿走(二)过去进行时1表示
17、过去某一时刻正在发生的动作,或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作。其构成是“was/were doing”。常用的时间状语有:at this/that time过去时间 at . oclock过去时间from . to .过去时间 those days那些日子just now刚才;刚刚特别注意现在进行时及过去进行时常与always, constantly, continually, all the time等状语连用,表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作,或强调赞赏、厌恶、生气、好奇等感情色彩,不强调动作正在进行。He is always helping others.他总是乐于助人。(表赞赏)She
18、is always forgetting something.她总是忘事。(表不满)2表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行,常与when, while引导的时间状语从句连用。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle yesterday.我弟弟昨天骑自行车时摔倒了。3一些非延续性动词可用在过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作,多用于从句中。常见的该类动词有:go去 come来 leave离开 start开始arrive到达 return返回 work工作 move移动He said he was starting tomorrow
19、.他说他打算明天出发。(三)将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作,常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。其构成是“will be doing”。at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow 明天/后天的这个时间(by) then 那时from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow 明天/后天从1:30到4:30 全析考法单句语法填空/单句改错全国卷)Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, th
20、e country _ (grow) more corn than rice.has grown由时间状语Since 2011可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开始,一直持续到现在,故用现在完成时。且主语the country 是第三人称单数名词,故填has grown。北京高考改编)Chinas highspeed railways _ (grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. have grown句意:在过去的几年,中国的高铁已从9 000千米延长到25 000千米。“during/over/in the p
21、ast/last时间段”作状语,句子应用现在完成时态。江苏高考改编)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing each other, for we _ (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then. will have developed句意:我们有望在2025年的时候不再互相发电子邮件了,因为那时我们已经开发出更方便的电子通讯工具了。2025年为将来的时间,由by then可知要用将来完成时。全国卷)I had grown not only physica
22、lly, but also mentally in the past few years._hadhave根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知,本句应该使用现在完成时。(一)现在完成时1表示过去发生且已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在造成的影响上。其构成是“have/has done”,常用的时间状语有:already, just (刚刚), yet, before等。I have already seen the film.我已经看过那部电影了。2表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在,也许还将持续下去的动作或状态。常
23、用的状语有:lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years(在过去的几天/年里),since then, up to now, so far (至今)等。In the past few years, many new railways have been laid down.在过去的几年里修建了许多新铁路。3在“最高级名词”或“It/This is/will bethe first/second . time”之后的定语从句中,谓语动词用现在完成时。This is the first time (that) I have come here.
24、这是我第一次来这里。4瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词、终止性动词。瞬间动词可以用于完成时态,但不可以接表示一段时间的状语;若要接表示一段时间的状语,需要做一些相应的变换。He has come to Beijing since last year.()He has lived in Beijing since last year.()部分非延续性动词(短语)和延续性动词(短语)之间的转换:买buyhave 借borrowkeep结婚get marriedbe married 认识get to knowknow离开leavebe away 回来come backbe back生病fall illbe
25、ill 死亡diebe dead关闭turn offbe off 打开turn onbe on动身leave forbe off to 变成becomebe返回returnbe back 开始beginbe on睡觉go to bedsleep 穿put onhave on/wear来/去come/gobe in/away 参加joinbe a member of感冒take/get/catch a coldhave a cold入睡go to sleepbe asleep到达get to/arrive in (at)/reachbe in/stay(二)过去完成时1过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态(即表示“过去的过去”)。其构成是“had done”。He said that he h
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