1、以这些名称冠名的条款虽被删除,但其部分内容也被安排在其他条款中,部分表述作了调整。要注意的是,新条款虽为39条,但业界要比照阅读的条款实际却大大增加了,那就是ISBP约200条。UCP600第14条d款明确规定对照解读单据中的数据内容(data)时除了具体信用证、单据本身外还有ISBP。与UCP600匹配的新的ISBP条款正在修订之中。UCP调整开证行、保兑行(如有)与申请人、受益人及各指定银行间的单据交易和债权债务清偿关系,而ISBP规范的是银行根据什么标准来审核受益人提交的单据,其内容不能穷尽却很详尽。要指出的是,UCP500的精神是“单证相符、单单不得互不一致”,而UCP600的精神根据
2、第14条d款,即使在单证之间也不要求“等同”(identical),仅要求“不得矛盾” (mustnotconflictwith),这样比过去单单之间“不得互不一致”( notinconsistentwith)的说法更体现了审单标准宽松化的倾向。当然该条款并不表明审单放弃了“相符”的原则。有一例很能说明问题: ISBP(ICC第645号出版物)第28条举例,将“model”写成“modle” 不应视为不符,而将“model321”写成“modle123”则为不符。过去银行根据所谓“严格相符”的原则大量退单,从而成为导致信用证业务萎缩的原因之一。在这个意义上说ICC修改UCP及制定ISBP,其原
3、因之一是在拯救信用证业务。二、UCP600的一些新规定 1.第二条“定义”共列出14条,但原条款中的一些定义并未被删除。如新条款的第37条“清洁运输单据”、 第20、21、24条“转运”等都是被保留下来的定义;第38条对“可转 让信用证”下了新的定义,并新列了“转让行”的定义,其中包括开 证行也可担任转让行这一新规定。在14条定义中,要注意的是:Presentation,是指受益人向银行交单(的行为),也可以指被提交的单据。在Pre鄄senter定义中,交单人包括银行,但指定银行向开证行交单在其他条款中却用了Forward(递交、转交)一词,一般应包括 指定银行作为单据权利人交单的含义。此外,
4、Complyingpresentation是一个新名词,可以解读为交单(的行为)或提交的单据是否符合具体信用证、UCP及ISBP的规定。UCP500的表述与汉语的思维比较一 致,而在解读UCP600时要适当改变一下汉语传统的阅读习惯。Honour(兑付)与Negotiation(议付)的区别。新条款将“议付”从老条款的四种兑用方式中单列出来。Honour是指即期付款、延期付款、 承兑信用证下指定银行或开证行自己对受益人兑付,而Negotiation在UCP500中被称为“Givingthevalue”(给予对价),在新条款中却被称为Purchase,因而又回到了俗称的“买单”之说法。议付行在
5、其可获偿付的银行工作日当天或之前向受益人预付或同意预付。汇票不能做成以议付行为付款人,其意义在于除非该议付行为保兑行,否则对受益人享有追索权。议付之于追索权以区别于其他三种类型的信用证的意义并没有改变。2.关于第三条“解释”中的到期日问题。汇票到期日无论用after还是from,一律从第二天起算;而以运输单据日(有装运日记载的依记载,没有记载的依出单日)为依据计算交单日,用from的从当天起算。汇票中以运输单据日为基准日按规定天数计算汇票到期日的,不管用from还是after均从第二天起算。3.第6条信用证不得规定汇票以开证申请人为付款人,而在老条款中则表达为“不应、如果”。这个规定使得开证行
6、信用证下第一性付款责任与其最终汇票付款人地位更为一致。4.第7条C款、第12条b款在强调开证行对承兑信用证下的承兑行、延期付款信用证下的付款行的付款责任时,明确规定“指定”即等于授权该承兑行、该延期付款行分别可以预付已承兑但未到期的汇票、先期实现(purchase)对受益人的付款承诺。也就是授权指定银行可不经由第三家银行直接贴现于受益人,实现两利。只要做到complyingpresentation,开证行应在到期日予以偿付。5.第9条c款确认了第二通知行的存在。6.第10条f款明确否认了银行在其修改通知书中声称受益人某几天内不表示拒绝即为承认修改的做法。信用证之于受益人的不可撤销性质更为突出。
7、新条款也取消了可撤销信用证。7.第14条b款将各银行似乎7个银行工作日审核时间明确缩短为至多5个银行工作日。8.第14条c款交单不迟于装运日后21天乃明确为21个日历日。第14条j款:各运输单据上收货人栏或通知人栏内关于开证申请人地址和联系细节必须与信用证相同。第31条b款中有规定,一票货物以两个或更多运输工具同时装运出发也视为分批。9.第14条L款,在符合各运输单据条款规定的条件下,运输单据 可由任何人出具,应指各运输代理人、直接以承运人身份签发运输单 据的运输行(forwarder)及可能是被“承运人”这一概念同样吸收了的“多式运输经营人”。10.第17条a款,凡信用证规定的每一种单据必须
8、至少提交一份正本,而在老条款中并不十分明确。至于什么单据视为正本单据,该条款作了些宽松的规定。11.第18款a款:发票必须以信用证同样货币表示。12.第22条实际承认了租船人及其具名代理人也可出具承租人自己的、并呈船长签字的提单。这种提单不一定是指该条款所规定的租船合同关系下的提单,当然也不是向自己签发,而是向相对托运人签发,即租船人实际为二船东。13.第28条保险单据条款。新条款关于保险单据上投保险别如何记载可接受的规定比老条款更为宽松,如果信用证对投保险别未予明确规定,银行接受其投保险别属含糊其辞记载的保险单据而不论是否有漏保风险,甚至援引任何除外条款的保险单据也可接受。但须知货物运输保险
9、乃单据交易的第一保障,否则谁敢从事这种无须顾及货物及其运输事实的抽象化交易?UCP600是以西方人的价值理念制定的,商业信用发达使银行不必过多担心申请人违约,但对其他地区的商人来说不能掉以轻心,仍须明确约定。经验老到的银行事实上仍会以“ 另有规定”来加以规避。虽然如此,又明确规定保险单据必须全部提交,可见ICC并没有忘记保险单据的补偿功能。UCP600跟单信用证统一惯例中英文对照Article 1 Application of UCP 第一条 统一惯例的适用范围The Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, 2007 Revi
10、sion, ICC Publication no. 600 (“UCP”) are rules that apply to any documentary credit (“credit”) (including, to the extent to which they may be applicable, any standby letter of credit) when the text of the credit expressly indicates that it is subject to these rules. They are binding on all parties
11、thereto unless expressly modified or excluded by the credit. 跟单信用证统一惯例,2007年修订本,国际商会第600号出版物,适用于所有在正文中标明按本惯例办理的跟单信用证(包括本惯例适用范围内的备用信用证)。除非信用证中另有规定,本惯例对一切有关当事人均具有约束力。Article 2 Definitions 第二条 定义 For the purpose of these rules:就本惯例而言:Advising bank means the bank that advises the credit at the request o
12、f the issuing bank. 通知行意指应开证行要求通知信用证的银行。Applicant means the party on whose request the credit is issued. 申请人意指发出开立信用证申请的一方。Banking day means a day on which a bank is regularly open at the place at which an act subject to these rules is to be performed. 银行日意指银行在其营业地正常营业,按照本惯例行事的行为得以在银行履行的日子。Beneficia
13、ry means the party in whose favour a credit is issued. 受益人意指信用证中受益的一方。Complying presentation means a presentation that is in accordance with the terms and conditions of the credit, the applicable provisions of these rules and international standard banking practice. 相符提示意指与信用证中的条款及条件、本惯例中所适用的规定及国际标准
14、银行实务相一致的提示。Confirmation means a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to that of the issuing bank, to honour or negotiate a complying presentation. 保兑意指保兑行在开证行之外对于相符提示做出兑付或议付的确定承诺。Confirming bank means the bank that adds its confirmation to a credit upon the issuing banks authoriz
15、ation or request. 保兑行意指应开证行的授权或请求对信用证加具保兑的银行。Credit means any arrangement, however named or described, that is irrevocable and thereby constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank to honour a complying presentation. 信用证意指一项约定,无论其如何命名或描述,该约定不可撤销并因此构成开证行对于相符提示予以兑付的确定承诺。Honour means:a. to pay
16、 at sight if the credit is available by sight payment. b. to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment. c. to accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance. 兑付意指:
17、a. 对于即期付款信用证即期付款。b. 对于延期付款信用证发出延期付款承诺并到期付款。c. 对于承兑信用证承兑由受益人出具的汇票并到期付款。Issuing bank means the bank that issues a credit at the request of an applicant or on its own behalf. 开证行意指应申请人要求或代表其自身开立信用证的银行。Negotiation means the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts (drawn on a bank other than the nominat
18、ed bank) and/or documents under a complying presentation, by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to(to be paid the nominated bank. 议付意指被指定银行在其应获得偿付的银行日或在此之前,通过向受益人预付或者同意向受益人预付款项的方式购买相符提示项下的汇票(汇票付款人为被指定银行以外的银行)及/或单据。Nomi
19、nated bank means the bank with which the credit is available or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank. 被指定银行意指有权使用信用证的银行,对于可供任何银行使用的信用证而言,任何银行均为被指定银行。Presentation means either the delivery of documents under a credit to the issuing bank or nominated bank or the documents so delive
20、red. 提示意指信用证项下单据被提交至开证行或被指定银行,抑或按此方式提交的单据。Presenter means a beneficiary, bank or other party that makes a presentation. 提示人意指做出提示的受益人、银行或其他一方。Article 3 Interpretations 第三条 释义Where applicable, words in the singular include the plural and in the plural include the singular. 在适用的条款中,词汇的单复数同义。A credit i
21、s irrevocable even if there is no indication to that effect. 信用证是不可撤销的,即使信用证中对此未作指示也是如此。A document may be signed by handwriting, facsimile signature, perforated signature, stamp, symbol or any other mechanical or electronic method of authentication. 单据可以通过手签、签样印制、穿孔签字、盖章、符号表示的方式签署,也可以通过其它任何机械或电子证实的方
22、法签署。A requirement for a document to be legalized, visaed, certified or similar will be satisfied by any signature, mark, stamp or label on the document which appears to satisfy that requirement. 当信用证含有要求使单据合法、签证、证实或对单据有类似要求的条件时,这些条件可由在单据上签字、标注、盖章或标签来满足,只要单据表面已满足上述条件即可。Branches of a bank in different
23、 countries are considered to be separate banks. 一家银行在不同国家设立的分支机构均视为另一家银行。Terms such as first class, well knownqualifiedindependentofficialcompetent or local used to describe the issuer of a document allow any issuer except the beneficiary to issue that document. 诸如第一流、著名合格独立正式有资格当地等用语用于描述单据出单人的身份时,单
24、据的出单人可以是除受益人以外的任何人 。Unless required to be used in a document, words such as promptimmediatelyas soon as possible will be disregarded. 除非确需在单据中使用,银行对诸如迅速立即尽快之类词语将不予置理。The expression on or about or similar will be interpreted as a stipulation that an event is to occur during a period of five calendar
25、days before until five calendar days after the specified date, both start and end dates included. 于或约于或类似措辞将被理解为一项约定,按此约定,某项事件将在所述日期前后各五天内发生,起迄日均包括在内。The words tountiltill, “from” and “between” when used to determine a period of shipment include the date or dates mentioned, and the words “before” an
26、d after exclude the date mentioned. 词语月日止(to)、至日(until)、直至(till) 、从(from) 及“在X月X日至X月X日之间”(between) 用于确定装运期限时,包括所述日期。词语“X月X日之前”(before) 及“X月X日之后”(after) 不包括所述日期。The words “from” and when used to determine a maturity date exclude the date mentioned. 词语“从X月X日”(from)以及“X月X日之后”(after) 用于确定到期日时不包括所述日期。The
27、 terms first half and second half of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 15th and the 16th to the last day of the month, all dates inclusive. 术语上半月和下半月应分别理解为自每月1日至15日16日至月末最后一天,包括起迄日期。beginningmiddleend of a month shall be construed respectively as the 1st to the 10th, the 11th
28、 to the 20th and the 21st to the last day of the month, all dates inclusive.月初月中月末应分别理解为每月1日至10日、11日至20日和21日至月末最后一天,包括起迄日期。Article 4 Credits v. Contracts 第四条 信用证与合同a. A credit by its nature is a separate transaction from the sale or other contract on which it may be based. Banks are in no way concer
29、ned with or bound by such contract, even if any reference whatsoever to it is included in the credit. Consequently, the undertaking of a bank to honour, to negotiate or to fulfil any other obligation under the credit is not subject to claims or defences by the applicant resulting from its relationships with the issuing bank or the beneficiary. A beneficiary can in no case avail itself of the contractual relationships existing between banks or between the appli
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