美国宪法中英文对照Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、Section 1 - Legislative powers; in whom vestedAll legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.第一条第一款 本宪法所规定的立法权，全属合众国的国会，国会由一个参议院和一个众议院组成。Section 2 - House of Representatives, how and by whom chose

2、n Qualifications of a Representative. Representatives and direct taxes, how apportioned. Enumeration. Vacancies to be filled. Power of choosing officers, and of impeachment.1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and

3、the elector in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature.众议院应由各州人民每两年选举一次之议员组成，各州选举人应具有该州州议会中人数最多之一院的选举人所需之资格。2. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this

4、 Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.（The previous sentence was superceded by Amendment XIV，前面语句已由宪

5、法修正案XIV替代）. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, b

6、ut each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delawar

7、e one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.众议员人数及直接税税额，应按联邦所辖各州的人口数目比例分配，此项人口数目的计算法，应在全体自由人民包括订有契约的短期仆役，但不包括末被课税的印第安人数目之外，再加上所有其他人口之五分之三。实际人口调查，应于合众国国会第一次会议后三年内举行，并于其后每十年举行一次，其调查方法另以法律规定之。众议员的数目，不得超过每三万人口有众议员一人，但每州至少应有众议员一人，在举行人囗调查以前，各州得按照下列数目选举众议员

8、 : 新罕布什尔三人、马萨诸塞八人、罗德岛及普罗维登斯垦殖区一人、康涅狄格五人、纽约州六人新泽西四人、宾夕法尼亚八人、特拉华一人、马里兰六人、弗吉尼亚十人、北卡罗来纳五人、南卡罗来纳五人、乔治亚三人。3. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.任何一州的众议员有缺额时，该州的行政长官应颁选举令，选出众议员以补充缺额。4. The House of

9、 Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment.众议院应选举该除议长及其他官员，只有众议院具有提出弹劾案的权力。Section 3 - Senators, how and by whom chosen. How classified. State Executive, when to make temporary appointments, in case, etc. Qualifications of a Senator.

10、President of the Senate, his right to vote. President pro tem., and other officers of the Senate, how chosen. Power to try impeachments. When President is tried, Chief Justice to preside. Sentence.1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State,for six years; and

11、 each Senator shall have one vote.合众国的参议院由每州选举两名参议员组成之，参议员的任期为六年，每名参议员有一票表决权。5. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expirati

12、on of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the

13、 Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. （The words in italics were superceded by Amendment XVII）合众国的参议院由每州的州议会选举两名参议员组成之，参议员的任期为六年，每名参议员有一票表决权。参议员于第一次选举后举行会议之时，应当立即尽量均等地分成三组。第一组参议员的任期，到第二年年终时届满，第二组到第四年年终时届满，第

14、三组到第六年年终时届满，俾使每两年有三分之一的参议员改选，如果在某州州议会休会期间，有参议员因辞职或其它原因出缺，该州的行政长官得任命临时参议员，等到州议会下次集会时，再予选举补缺（宪法修正案XVII对本条款做了部分修改）。6. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitan

15、t of that State for which he shall be chosen.凡年龄未满三十岁，或取得合众国公民资格未满九年，或于某州当选而并非该州居民者，均不得任参议员7. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided.合众国副总统应为参议院议长，除非在投票票数相等时，议长无投票权。8. The Senate shall choose their other office

16、rs, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of the President of the United States.参议院应选举该院的其他官员，在副总统缺席或执行合众国总统职务时，还应选举临时议长。9. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall b

17、e on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.所有弹劾案，只有参议院有权审理。在开庭审理弹劾案时，参议员们均应宣誓或誓愿。如受审者为合众国总统，则应由最高法院首席大法官担任主席，在末得出席的参议员的三分之二的同意时，任何人不得被判有罪。10

18、. Judgement in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States: but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgement and punishm

19、ent, according to law.弹劾案的判决，不得超过免职及取消其担任合众国政府任何有荣誉、有责任或有俸禄的职位之资格，但被判处者仍须服从另据法律所作之控诉、审讯、判决及惩罚。Section 4 - Times, etc., of holding elections, how prescribed. One session in each year.1. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each Sta

20、te by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.各州州议会应规定本州参议员及众议员之选举时间、地点及程序，但国会得随时以法律制定或变更此种规定，惟有选举议员的地点不在此例。2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on t

21、he first Monday in December,（The words in italics were superceded by Amendment XX，宪法修正案对此有修改） unless they by law appoint a different day.国会应至少每年集会一次，开会日期应为十二月的第一个星期一，除非他们通过法律来指定另一个日期。Section 5 - Membership, Quorum, Adjournments, Rules, Power to punish or expel. Journal. Time of adjournments, how lim

22、ited, etc.1. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such man

23、ner, and under such penalties as each House may provide.参众两院应各自审查本院的选举、选举结果报告和本院议员的资格，每院议员过半数即构成可以议事的法定人数，不足法定人数时，可以一天推一天地延期开会，并有权依照各该议院所规定的程序和罚则，强迫缺席的议员出席。2. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, e

24、xpel a member.参众两院得各自规定本院的议事规则，处罚本院扰乱秩序的议员，并且得以三分之二的同意，开除本院的议员。3. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgement require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at

25、 the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.参众两院应各自保存一份议事记录，并经常公布，惟各该院认为应保守秘密之部分除外，两院议员对于每一问题之赞成或反对，如有五分之一出席议员请求，则应记载于议事记录内。4. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place tha

26、n that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.在国会开会期间，任一议院未得别院同意，不得休会三日以上，亦不得迁往非两院开会的其他地点。Section 6 - Compensation, Privileges, Disqualification in certain cases.1. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treas

27、ury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House, they shall not be

28、 questioned in any other place.参议员与众议员得因其服务而获报酬，报酬的多寡由法律定之，并由合众国国库支付。两院议员除犯叛国罪、重罪以及扰乱治安罪外，在出席各该院会议及往返各该院途中，有不受逮捕之特权，两院议员在议院内所发表之演说及辩论，在其它场合不受质询。2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States,

29、which shall have increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.参议员或众议员不得在其当选任期内担任合众国政府任何新添设的职位，或在其任期内支取因新职位而增添的俸禄，在合众国政府供职的人，不得在其任职期间担任国会议员。Section 7 - House to originate all revenue bills. Vet

30、o. Bill may be passed by two-thirds of each House, notwithstanding, etc. Bill, not returned in ten days to become a law. Provisions as to orders, concurrent resolutions, etc.1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with am

31、endments as on other bills.有关征税的所有法案应在众议院中提出，但参议院得以处理其它法案的方式，以修正案提出建议或表示同意。2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the president of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objection