雅思阅读技巧汇总篇Word格式.docx

1、4. 读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇。正确答案常常是主题句的改写。读每段话时，并不是该段话全要仔细阅读。这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。应该抓住该段话的主题句。先读该段话的第一句，然后，与选项列表中的各选项一一对应，确定正确答案，正确选项一般是该句话的改写。如果答案不能确定，应再读该段话的第二句，然后，与选项列表中的各选项一一对应。如果答案还是不能确定，应再读该段话的最后一句，再与选项列表中的各选项一一对应。如果还是找不着正确的答案，则就需要阅读整段话了。据统计，段落的主题句在第一句的可能性超过50，段落的主题句在第二句的可能性为20，段落的主题句在最后一句的可能性超过20。也

2、就 是说，按照上述方法做这种题型，读完该段话的第一句，就能在选项列表中找出该段话的Heading，这种可能性超过50。整段话都需要阅读的可能性不到10。这个做题方法不仅有统计数据的体据，还有理论的基础。英文的段落展开方法比较简单，主要有两种：演绎法（Deductive Method）及归纳法（Inductive Method）。演绎法指的是由观点到例子及论据，所以主题句在该段话的第一句，但有时，第一句是个过渡性或描述性的句子，主题句有可能放在该段话的第二句，总之，主题句在第一句或第二句，都是演绎法。归纳法是指由例子及论据到观点，所以主题句在该段话的最后一句。70左右的段落是用演绎法写的，而且其

3、中绝大部分主题句在第一句。20左右的段落是用归纳法写的。5. 某段话的答案确定后，将它的选项从选项列表中划去。上文讲过，每个选项最多只能用一次，也就是说，不可能两个段落的小标题是一个选项。所以，一段话的答案确定后，将它的选项从选项列表中划去，以免被误选为其他段落的小标题。注意：1. 如果答案不确定，先将可能正确的选项全部选出。如果一个段落的答案不确定，应将它们先都选出来，写在题目的旁边，再往下做。这样做的好处是，下面某一段的答案确定后，便能推断出上面段落的答案来。因为，我们在前面讲过，每个选项最多只能用一次，也就是说，不可能两个段落的小标题是一个选项。例如：第二段的答案可能是B或D，但你能够确

4、定第四段的答案是D，所以，第二段的答案就是B了。即使第二段后面各段落的Heading都不是B或D，最后在确定第二段的Heading时，也是从B和D中选择一个。2. 干扰选项的特点是：段落中未展开说明的细节。作为干扰选项出现的常常是段落中提到的细节，但我们要找的是段落的主旨。这更说明做这种题要抓住段落的主题句，而不是整个段落全看。否则，特别容易受到干扰选项的误导。3. 如果主题句比较复杂（如复合句），应重点看主句部分。有时主题句是比较复杂的复合句，如果理解有困难，应集中精力看主句部分，正确答案应来自主句。4. 主题句中常常有如下的句式：AlthoughWhileDespiteDespite th

5、e fact中文意思是：“虽然，但是”。前面是个让步状语从句，后面是主句，要说明的观点在主句中。例： 某段话的主题句为：However, despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticated and more objective selection techniques available，including the use of psychometric tests， assessment centres etc.，many organisations are still prepa

6、red to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 minutes unstructured interview正确答案为：The unstructured interview and its validity.5. 如果主题句中有show 和 suggest 等词，应重点看其后的宾语从句。show、suggest是“表明”、“说明”的意思，其后的宾语从句往往是要说明的观点，是该段话的主旨。 某段话的主题句为：Despite the significant increase in the number of women wit

7、h dependent children who are in the paid workforce，Australian research studies over the last 15 years are consistent in showing that divisions of labour for family work are very rigid indeed （Watson l991）讲解：关键词是rigid，在本句中的意思是固定不变的。正确答案为:The unchanged role of the female parent.6. 如果主题句是not only.，but

8、also 句型，应重点看 but also后面的部分。not onlybut also 的意思是“不仅而且”，常用来承上启下。not only后面的部分是“承上”，即上一段的主旨，but also后面的部分是“启下”，即本段话的主旨。所以，应重点看but also后面的部分。 Diversity exists not only between cultures, but also within a single culture本句用来承上启下。not only后面的部分是“承上”，即上一段的主旨是：多样性存在于不同的文化之间，but also后面的部分是“启下”，即本段话的主旨是：多样性存在于

9、同一文化之中。正确选项为：Variation within cultures。7. 问句不会是主题句 问句通常作为引题，是过渡性的句子。所以，在做Headings题时，如果某个段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句是问句，应该忽略，不用阅读，肯定不是主题句。圈某段话的第一句为：Should police assume all the responsibility for ensuring a rapid response?此句虽然是该段话的第一句，但因为是问句，所以不用看，肯定不是主题句，直接看该话的第二句即可。8. 举例子的句子不会是主题句英文文章讲究以理服人，经常用例证法，即举个例子来论述自己的观

10、点。所以，在阅读文章中，经常有以For example开始的句子。请同学们注意，举例子的句子是用来解释说明观点的，它不会是段落的主题句。所以，在做Headings题时，如果某个段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句是举例子的句子，应该忽略，不用阅读，肯定不是主题句。For example，it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest only if responses are in the order of l2 minutes after a call is received

11、by the police9. 正确答案应是主题句的改写，与主题句特别一致的选项应引起怀疑。正确答案应是主题句的改写，所以与主题句中的某些词特别一致的选项应不是正确答案。某段话的第一句（主题句）为：Overall, female students outnumbered male students in the survey有一个选项为：LFemale StudentsWhile student visa holders took either 1029 week or 40 week courses，most students on working holiday and tourist v

12、isas took courses Of less than 10 weeks，or from 10 to 19 weeks in length容易误选的选项为：HVisas BLength of courses10. 如果需要阅读整个段落，应重点阅读该段落中的重点词句并不是每个段落都有主题句，有10左右的Headings是必须阅读整段才能找出的。受英语水平的限制，如果阅读整个段落有困难，应重点阅读段落中的如下内容：（1） 反复出现的词 （2） 括号里的词 （3） 引号里的词 （4） 黑体词 （5） 斜体词Example：Questions 1 5The Nature of Disputes

13、has 6 sections. Choose the most suitable heading for each section from the list of headings （ixii） below.Write the appropriate numbers （i-xii） in boxes 1 5 on your answer sheet.N.B. There are more headings than sections so you will not use all of them.List of Headings.The cost of adjudication.Handli

14、ng rights-based disputes.Punishing acts of aggression.The role of dependence in disputes.The role of arbitrators.Methods of settling conflicting interests.Ensuring choice for consumers.Fulfilling employees needs. The use of negotiation for different dispute types.Advantages of negotiation over media

15、tionxiThe role of power in settling disagreementsxiiDisagreement of interests1Section A2Section B3Section D4Section E5Section FExample AnswerSection CixTHE NATURE OF DISPUTESTo resolve a dispute means to turn opposing positions into a single outcome. The two parties may choose to focus their attenti

16、on on one or more of three basic factors. They may seek to （ 1 ） reconcile their interests, （ 2 ） determine who is right, and/or （ 3 ） determine who is more powerful.Interests are needs, desires, concerns, fears_the things one cares about or wants. They provide the foundation for a persons or an org

17、anisations position in a dispute. In a dispute, not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party, but they are in conflict. For example, the director of sales for an electronics company gets into a dispute with the director of manufacturing over the number of TV mode

18、ls to produce. The director of sales wants to produce more models because her interest is in selling TV sets; more models mean more choice for consumers and hence increased sales. The director of manufacturing, however, wants to produce fewer models. His interest is in decreasing manufacturing costs

19、 and more models mean higher costs.Reconciling such interests is not easy. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions, and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed. The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation, the act of communication

20、 intended to reach agreement. Another interests-based procedure is mediation, in which a third party assists the disputants, the two sides in the dispute, in reaching agreement.By no means do all negotiations （or mediations） focus on reconciling interests. Some negotiations focus on determining who

21、is fight, such as when two lawyers argue about whose case has the greater merit. Other negotiations focus on determining who is more powerful, such as when quarrelling neighbours or nations exchange threats and counter threats. Often negotiations involve a mix of all three - some attempts to satisfy

22、 interests, some discussion of fights, and some references to relative power.It is often complicated to attempt to determine who is right in a dispute. Although it is usually straightforward where fights are formalized in law, other fights take the form of unwritten but socially accepted standards o

23、f behaviour, such as reciprocity, precedent, equality, and seniority. There are often different - and sometimes contradictory - standards that apply to fights. Reaching agreement on fights, where the outcome will determine who gets what, can often be so difficult that the parties frequently mm to a

24、third party to determine who is right. The most typical fights procedure is adjudication, in which disputants present evidence and arguments to a neutral third party who has the power to make a decision that must be followed by both disputants. （In mediation, by contrast, the third party does not ha

25、ve the power to decide the dispute.） Public adjudication is provided by courts and administrative agencies. Private adjudication is provided by arbitrators.A third way to resolve a dispute is on the basis of power. We define power, somewhat narrowly, as the ability to pressure someone to do somethin

26、g he would not otherwise do. Exercising power typically means imposing costs on the other side or threatening to do so. The exercise of power takes two common forms: acts of aggression, such as physical attack, and withholding the benefits that derive from a relationship, as when employees stop work

27、ing in a strike.In relationships of mutual dependence, such as between labour and management or within an organisation or a family, the question of who is more powerful turns on who is less dependent on the other. If a company needs the employees work more than employees need the companys pay, the c

28、ompany is more dependent and hence less powerful. How dependent one is turns on how satisfactory the alternatives are for satisfying ones interests. The better the alternative, the less dependent one is. If it is easier for the company to replace striking employees than it is for striking employees

29、to find new jobs, the company is less dependent and thereby more powerful. Determining who is the more powerful party without a decisive and potentially destructive power contest is difficult because power is ultimately a matter of perceptions.Section 2 判断题 （True/False/Not Given）题型概述:判断题是雅思阅读的特色。它有3种答案：对（TRUE）、错（FALSE）和没有提到（NOT GIVEN）中国考生容易混淆后两种答案。Step 1：定位，找出题目在原文中的出处。1找出题目中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。将题目中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，这必将大大加快解题时间，并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。2 从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其他关键词，在原文中找出与题目相关的一句话或几句话。确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中的具体位置是未知的。所以，需要从头到尾快速阅读该