高中英语必修一第四单元概要.docx

1、高中英语必修一第四单元概要Unit 4 EarthquakesWords listearthquake n. 地震 quake n. 地震right away 立刻；马上well n. 井crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声 vt. & vi. （使）开裂；破裂smelly adj. 发臭的；有臭味的farmyard n. 农场；农家pipe n. 管；导管burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发million n. 百万event n. 事件；大事as if 仿佛；好像at an end 结束；终结nation n. 民族；国家；国民canal n. 运河

2、；水道steam n. 蒸汽；水汽dirt n. 污垢；泥土ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪suffering n. 苦难；痛苦extreme adj. 极度的injure vt. 损害；伤害survivor n. 幸存者；生还者；残存物destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭brick n. 砖；砖块dam n. 水坝；堰堤track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的shock vt. & vi. （使）震惊；震动 n. 休克；打击；震惊rescue n. & vt. 援救；营救trap vt. 使陷入

3、困境n. 陷阱；困境electricity n. 电；电流；电学disaster n. 灾难；灾祸dig out 掘出；发现bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏mine n. 矿；矿山；矿井 miner n. 矿工shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处a (great) number of 许多；大量的title n. 标题；头衔；资格reporter n. 记者bar n. 条；棒；条状物damage n. & vt. 损失；损害frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj. 令人恐惧的congratulation n

4、. 祝贺；（复数）贺词judge n. 裁判员；法官 vt. 断定；判断；判决sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地express vt. 表示；表达 n. 快车；速递outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓headline n. 报刊的大字标题cyclist n. 骑自行车的人Key words1. judge n. 评委、裁判员、法官He was a poor judge of man.他看人的能力很差。The prisoner was taken to the judge.他被带到了法官那儿。v. 断定、判断、判决A blind man cannot judge colors.盲人不

5、能判断颜色。翻译: 不要以貌取人。Dont judge a man by his appearance2. honour n./v. 荣誉、尊敬、敬意、纪念We should honour our parents. = We should show honour to our parents.honour sb. / sth. 尊重某人/事show honour to sb. / sth.in honour of 为了纪念The monumen was built in honour of the dead in the war.3. event 名词, 意为“(重要的、不同寻常的)事件”。如

6、：Leaving home was a major event in his life. This is one of the most important events in the history of mankind.event 意思还有“(事先安排好的)演出, 赛事,聚会”, “(体育比赛的)运动项目”等。如：The meeting was an important social event. The 800 meters is not his best event.4. end 结束 常用短语： at the end (of) 在末尾by the end of 到为止in the e

7、nd 最后, 终于come to an end 完结at the end of 用于表示具体事物或场所的场合, 它也可以用来表示比喻意; by the end of 用于表示时间的场合到结束的时候, 用过去完成时态; in the end 意思“最后、终于练习The cold weather at last stopped_ March. （at the end of）Our hunt for a cheaper but larger house is at last _. （at an end）If you go on with work, youll succeed _. （in the

8、end）How many English words had you learned _ last term? (by the end of)词语辨析1. rise: 升起; 上升; 上涨；提拔，晋升(不能用于被动语态)raise: 举起; 使升起; 提高;养育，饲养 (可用于被动语态)练习He _from his chair when the door bell rang. （rose）Her job is _ chickens. （raising）Her temperature is still _. （rising）He _ in bank recently. （has risen）2.

9、 damage, ruin, destroy damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词, 也可以用作名词, 用作名词时常与to something 连用。如:The accident did a lot of damage to his car. destroy 只能用作动词,指彻底破坏, 以致不可能修复,常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. ruin则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调致使该物的使用

10、价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作 “使毁灭”、 “使崩溃”、 “弄糟”解;用作名词时,它表示 “毁灭”、 “瓦解”、 “废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。 The fire ruined the castle. The house has fallen into ruin. The company is facing ruin.3. a (great) number of; a great deal of; a lot of; plenty of a (great) number of 修饰可数名词, 跟复数形式; a great deal of 修饰不可数名词; a lot of 后

11、面既可以加可数名词, 也可以加不可数名词; plenty of 后面既可以加可数名词, 也可以加不可数名词。重点句子解析1. It seemed as if the world was at an end.as if 在表语从句中相当于that: It seemed as if the meeting would never end. 看起来会议没完没了。It seemed as if the world was at an end!= It seemed that the world was at an end!as if 似乎, 好像 = as thoughShe spoke to me

12、as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情, 好像她早就认识我似的。2. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. ruin 在此为名词, 意为“废墟”， 常和介词in搭配, in ruins意为“成废墟, 垮掉, 毁灭”。如：This earthquake left the whole town in ruins. His future is/lies in ruins.ruin还可作动词, 意为“毁坏, 毁掉”，ruined作形容词时, 只用在名词前，意为“毁坏的, 破败不堪的”。如：This illness

13、has ruined his life.The rain ruined my painting.When we got there, we saw a ruined castle.3. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.Trap 1.做动词1) 困住, 使陷于困境 如: Dozens of people were trapped in the building when the fire took place.Theres no way out! Were trapped!Julia felt

14、 trapped in her role of wife and mother. 2）诱骗, 诱使(trap sb into doing sth)”; 夹住, 压扁; 把储存 如: I was trapped into telling a lie.Take care not to trap your fingers in the door.How can you trap the suns heat?2作名词, 意为“圈套; 陷阱；计谋”, 构成的常见短语有：set a trap 设置陷阱fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套lay a trap for 为设下圈套fall in

15、to the trap of doing sth 做某事不明智keep your trap shut不把说出去, 不泄密 如: She felt that marriage was a trap.The police set a trap to catch the thief.Dont fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place.Just keep your trap shut, and we wont get into trouble.Grammar定语从句定语：修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语，通常由形容词或形容词性短语来充当。定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词：定语从句中定语所修饰的名词或代词。 This is the best