英语课堂笔记16Word格式.docx

1、 frighten （使惊恐；向报警）alarming adj. worrying, disquieting （使人惊恐的、令人担心的）1）There is no cause for alarm. （不必恐慌。） 2）It is necessary that you install a burglar alarm.（你有必要装防盗警报器。3）They were alarmed to find the old lady dead.（他们发现老太太死了，大惊失色。4）The worlds forests are shrinking at an alarming rate.（世界森林正以惊人的速度减

2、少。3. surgery n. 外科，手术 surgical 外科的；外科手术的 surgeon 外科医生1） The patient had suffered a heart attack while under going surgery. （在进行外科手术时，那位病人心脏病发作。2） The doctor is doing a minor surgery on Mr. Wangs mouth.（医生正在给王先生的口部施行小手术。3） Some people can have their vision restored by a surgical operation.（有些人可以通过外科手

3、术恢复视力。4） He works as a brain surgeon in a hospital.（他在一家医院做脑外科医生。4. technology n. 技术，工艺technological技术的，工艺的1） Science has contributed much to modern technology. （科学对现代技术作出了很大贡献。2） The advances in science and technology are accelerating.（科学技术正在加速发展。3） Our belief in the power of modern technology wont

4、 change.（我们对现代技术威力的信念不会改变）4） We need to acquire adequate modern scientific and technological knowledge to meet the challenge of the 21st century.（为了迎接二十一世纪的挑战，我们需要掌握足够的现代科学及技术知识。5） They made another technological breakthrough in the field of petroleum recovering.（他们在石油开采方面又取得了技术突破。5. advance v.前进；取得

5、进展n. 前进，进展，预付1） We have greatly advanced in our understanding of the human brain. （在对人脑的认识方面我们已取得重大进展。2） The university took every opportunity to advance its prestige.（那所大学抓住每一个机会提高自己的声誉。3） The date of the meeting was advanced by two weeks.（会议的日期提前了两周。4） Einstein advanced the theory of relativity.（爱

6、因斯坦提出了相对论的理论。5） As autumn advanced, the old lady became worse.（秋深了，老妇人的病情变得更加糟糕。6） Their team has advanced to the semifinals.（他们队已进入半决赛。7） These young workers have advanced greatly in skill.（这些青工的技术已有很大提高。8） Material advance and spiritual enrichment should both be emphasized.（物质进步和精神充实都应强调。9） Remark

7、able advances have been made recently in medicine.（近来医学方面取得了令人瞩目的进步。10） He arrived half an hour in advance.（他早到了半小时。6. enable v. 使能够，使可能这个动词的用法是在其宾词后接不定式：enable sb to do sth1） Their help enabled the children to get home safe and sound. （他们的帮助使孩子们能安然无恙地到家。2） Planes enable people to travel long distan

8、ces in a short time.（飞机能使人们在短时间内做长途旅行。3） His early training enabled him to face everything with confidence.（他的早期训练使他能自信地面对一切。请注意区别unable和enable。unable是一个形容词，通常用be unable to do sth.意思是“不能够做某事。”He was unable to give us a definite answer.（他不能给我们一个明确答复。7. benefit n. 益处 有益于；得益 beneficial useful 有益的1）Inte

9、rnet has brought innumerable benefits to people.（互联网给人们带来了无数的益处。2）The changes are to our benefit. （这些改变对我们有利。3）For the benefit of those who were not here last time, Ill go over what I said first. （为了那些上次没来的人，我将先重复我说过的话。4）This policy will benefit working families.（这一政策将使职工家庭得到好处。5）Neither of them wil

10、l benefit from the insurance company.（他们俩谁也不会从保险公司得到好处。6）Sunshine and rain are beneficial to the growth of the plants.（阳光和雨水有益于这些植物的生长。7）Fresh air is beneficial to your health.（新鲜空气有益你的健康。8disadvantage n. 不利地位，不利条件；缺点disadvantaged 处于不利地位的； 贫困的advantage 有利条件；优点，好处1） It put us under a serious disadvan

11、tage. （这使我们处于极为不利的地位。2） The disadvantage of this plan was that it needed more fund.（这个计划的缺点是它需要更多的资金。3） Those pupils who were inattentive in class would be at a disadvantage.（那些上课不专心的小学生将会处于不利地位。4） It was to our disadvantage to refuse this proposal.（拒绝这个建议对我们不利。5） These disadvantaged families need i

12、mmediate help.（这些贫困家庭急需帮助。6）The new system has a lot of advantages over the old one. （新系统与旧系统相比有许多优点。7） It might be to your advantage to quit this job. （辞掉这份工作也许对你有利。8） His experience gives him the advantage over us.（他的经验使他比我们更有优势。9） They took advantage of her lack of business sense to cheat her. （他

13、们利用她缺少商业意识来欺骗她。10） We must take advantage of this opportunity to practise our oral English. （我们必须利用这个良机练一练英语口语。9. resourcen. 常用复数 资源，财力；应付的办法1）The North-eastern area of China is rich in timber resources. （中国的东北地区木材资源丰富。2）Oil is kuwaits most important resource. （石油是科威特最重要的资源。3）We dont have adequate h

14、uman resources for this project. （我们没有足够的人力资源来完成这个项目。4）He spent all his resources on educating his only son. （他把所有的财力都花在了独生子的教育上了。5）He is a man of great resource. （他是个足智多谋的人。6）We are now at the end of our resources.（我们现在正是智穷才尽。10. preventv. 阻止，妨碍，预防 prevention n. 预防，妨碍1）Nothing would prevent us from

15、 going to help them.（什么也阻止不了我们去帮助他们。2）The rain prevented its from having the match.（那场雨使我们不能举行比赛。3）This medicine will prevent you from catching cold. （这种药可以使你预防感冒。4）Keeping dry is a prevention against cold. （保持干燥可以预防感冒。5）Prevention is better than cure. （防病胜过医病。11. equip v. 配备，装备，赋予 equipment n. 装备，设

16、备1）They are going to build a park equipped with a playground, ball fields and a museum. （他们准备建造一个设有游戏场，球场和博物馆的公园。2）Not all microscopes are equipped to do this. （不是所有的显微镜都能做这件事。3）He is equipped with a deep sense of justice. （他具有深切的正义感。4）This is an important piece of equipment. （这是一件重要设备。5）They export

17、ed a million dollars worth of electrical equipment. （他们出口了价值一百万美元的电气设备。12emphasis n. 强调；重点emphasize v. 强调，着重1）The report placed particular emphasis on the need to improve agriculture. （报告特别强调必须改进农业生产。2）Much emphasis is being placed on learning those basic skills. （对基本技能的学习正在得以强调。3）He emphasized the

18、importance of being honest. （他强调诚实的重要性。4）John emphasized a point I had made previously. （约翰强调了我此前提出的一个观点。13stress n. 压力；重音；强调 v. 强调；着重1）Not all of us can cope with the stresses of modern life. （并非我们每一个人都能应付现代生活的紧张。2）Continued stress may result in mental illnesses. （持续的紧张可能导致精神疾病。3）My parents put gre

19、at stress on good manners. （我父母很强调要有好的行为举止。4）The teacher said the stress should be on the second syllable. （老师说重音在第二个音节上。5）He stressed the need for better education. （他强调需要更好的教育。6）I ought to stress that this was only a trial balloon. （我应该强调这只是个试飞方案。14lack n./ v. 缺乏，不足，没有lacking adj. 缺少的1）He abandone

20、d his research work for lack of fund. （由于缺乏资金，他放弃了他的研究工作。2）There is a lock of protein in his diet.（他的饮食中蛋白质不足。3）If you lack anything, please let me know.（如果你缺少什么东西，请告诉我。4）In any case, he doesnt lack for money.（总之，他并不缺钱。5）Money was lacking for the plan.（此项计划缺钱。6）He is lacking in courage.（他勇气不足。请注意区别s

21、hort of 和lack of。short 是形容词，而lack 是名词。1）We are short of hands.（我们缺少人手。We lack nothing but encouragement.（我们只缺少鼓励。15. connect v. 连接 connection n. 连接，关系1）the bridge connects the island with / to the mainland.（这座桥接连着这个岛屿与大陆。2）Please connect me with Shanghai.（请给我接通上海。3）He doesnt know anything about the

22、connection between the moon and the tides.（他对月球与潮汐的关系一无所知。4）He has no connection with the criminal case.（他与那件刑事案件无关。16. sufficient adj 足够的，充分的1）The food is sufficient to feed 10 people.（这些食物足够十个人吃。2）Japan has a sufficient reserve of oil.（日本有充足的石油储备。请注意区别adequate，enough和sufficient。三个词都有“足够的”意思。enough

23、为一般用语，有时可与adequate互换。enough常用来表示数量或程度，不宜用于表示性质、质量；而adequate 既可用于描述数量或程度，也可用于描述性质、质量。sufficient与enough同义，前者多用于书面语。1）Do you have enough time?2）His income is not adequate to his needs.We havent sufficient time to do the work.本课简介 心脏病在西方国家已成了健康的头号杀手，仅在英国，每天就有约400人死于心脏病。于是人们投入大量的人力、物力施行心脏手术。心脏手术无疑使无数患者受益

24、，但是过分强调对心脏病进行手术治疗则带来了三个弊端。其一是对心脏病的预防不加重视；其二是医疗费用攀升；其三是由于有现成的设备和技术，医生们往往会给不需要动手术的病人做手术。近期的医学研究强调，人们必须对引发心脏病的因素，如压力、抽烟、缺少体育运动等加以重视。生活方式与心脏病之间是有联系的，因此，人们意识到自己必须为自身的健康负责，改变饮食习惯，减轻生活压力，减少抽烟，多多运动都是预防心脏病的有效方式。预防心脏病比治疗心脏病更重要。本课语言点1. One of the greatest killers in the Western World is heart disease.请注意主谓一致的问

25、题A： one of +复数名词做主语时，后面的谓语用单数形式：1）One of the longest rivers in the world is in China. （世界上最长的河流之一在中国。2）One of the most famous circuses in East Europe is coming to China. （东欧最有名的马戏团之一将来中国。3）One of the most expensive cars in the parking lot belongs to Mr. Watson. （停车场里最昂贵的汽车之一是华生先生的。B：one of +复数名词+定语从

26、句时，定语从句一般被看作修饰复数名词，因此从句中的谓语要用复数形式。例如：1）This is one of the best films that have released this year. （这是今年发行的最佳影片之一。2）Mr. Wang is one of those people who are hard to deal with. （王先生属于那种很难打交道的人。3）He is one of those persons who always think they are right. （他属于那些总认为自己正确的人。2. The death rate from the dise

27、ase has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. 本句中的时态是现在完成进行时，由has （have） been加现在分词构成，主要表现以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作，这个动作也可能仍然在进行，如：1）What book have you been reading recently? （你最近在看什么书？2）How have you been getting on with your work? （工作进行得怎么样？3）All these years they have been contrib

28、uting articles to our newspaper. （这些年来他们一直为我们报纸写稿。at an alarming speed的意思是“以惊人的速度”1）We are driving at the speed of 60 miles an hour. （我们正以每小时60英里的速度行驶。2）He is running at top speed. （他正以最快速度奔跑。3）Tom is working at it at full speed. （汤姆正在拼命地干。4）He found the small town changing at an astonishing speed.

29、（他发现那个小城正以惊人的速度变化着。3. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease.在英语中die of和die from都表示“死于”，这两者之间的区别在于：die of 通常指因疾病、情感而死。如：1） The lady died of grief after the death of her husband. （丈夫去世后，这位女士也因哀伤而死。2） In that country many children died of malnutrition. （在那个国家，许多孩子死于营养不良。3） Im dying of boredom. （我烦死了。4） Many sheep died of starvation in the thick snow.（许多绵