易错句子翻译Word文件下载.docx

1、（ marry with the left hand: 是习语，意思是：与比自己门第低的人结婚 ） Billy is rumored to belong to the third sex. 谣传比利是个同性恋者。（the third sex：是俚语说法，指“homosexual individual”, 但与“人妖”transvestite又有区别。） In China men usually wear the trousers at home. 在中国，男人通常是一家之主。 （ wear the trousers 被用来泛指拥有决定权或最后的发言权。 The talk about raisi

2、ng taxes was a red flag to many voters. 关于增税的谈论激怒了许多选民。 （red flag: 令人生气的东西，white flag是求和投降的象征；black flag是海盗的标志） A man in Toms position was always in danger of being taken for a ride. 处在汤姆这种地位的人，经常都有被人绑架去枪杀的危险。 The dishonest salesman took the customers for a ride. 这个商人骗取顾客的钱财。 （take sb. for a ride: 架

3、出去枪杀；诈骗）Do you have yellowback for me?有没有法国廉价小说借给我看看。You can say that again. Some people are born lucky.说得对，说得好。-he drugged Davids tea.- You dont say!美国口头禅。表轻微疑问、惊奇，“是吗，真的吗？”Linda asked Ham to help her with her lesson. Ham said, “you scratch my back and I will scratch yours”Very good, uncle. Youre t

4、he doctor.定语从句的汉译英语中定语从句扮演着非常重要的作用，对主句的语义起着修饰、限制、补充、发展等作用。定语从句和先行词之间除了修饰限制的关系外，还可能有其它内在逻辑关系，如补充说明、原因、结果、目的、让步、条件、时间等。故翻译成汉语时可视具体情况处理成“的”字结构、并列句、各种状语从句等，否则会被原语牵着鼻子走，译出欧式汉语。 I. 处理成“的”字结构1. The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下干活的人都非常怕他。2. He is a poet who reads extensively. 他

5、是位博览群书的诗人。3. Miggles laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence. 米格尔那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。II 处理成并列句4. It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他接到的那封信，说你叔叔去世了。5. I told the story to John, who told it to his sister. 我把这事告诉了约翰，他又告诉了他弟弟。6. This was the period when Ein

6、stein began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity. 就在这期间，爱因斯坦开始了一项研究。这项研究使他成就了著名的相对论。 III译成各类状语从句7. My assistant, who had carefully read through the instruction before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mecha

7、nically. 我的助手虽然在做实验之前已从头至尾仔细阅读了说明书，但由于生搬硬套，就没有能够得出满意的结果。8. Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. 人们及其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家人的生活就行。英汉语主语选择上的差别1）英语常常使用非人称主语，让事物以客观的口气呈现出来，这种表达法使叙述客观，结构严密紧 凑，语气较为委婉间接。 汉语中主语大多数是人或有生命的东西，要么干脆没有主语。汉语注重主体的思维模式，倾向于描述人及其行

8、为或状态，因而常用人称做主语。当人称不言而喻时则常常隐含人称或省略人称。2）英语用非人称做主语的句子主要表现在用抽象名词或无生命的事物名称做主语，同时又使用本来表示人的动作或行为的动词做其谓语，因而拟人色彩较强。英汉表达习惯的对比8.1 using pronounsThe frequency of using pronouns in Chinese is far less than using them in English.1） As we discuss our differences，neither of us will compromise our principlesBut whil

9、e we cannot close the gulf between us， we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it.A：在我们讨论我们的分歧的时候，我们哪一方都不会在我们的原则上妥协。但是，虽然我们不能弥合我们之间的鸿沟，我们却能够设法搭一座桥，以便越过它进行会谈。B：在讨论我们的分歧时，哪一方都不会在原则上妥协。但是，虽然不能弥合我们之间的鸿沟，我们却能搭一座桥，以便越过它进行会谈。印欧语民族的思维 汉语民族的思维由内向外 由外向内由小到大 由大到小由近到远 由远到近由微观到宏观 由宏观到微观由个别到

10、整体 由整体到个别由具体到抽象 由抽象到具体v Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. by Eugene A. Nida（奈达）所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次是文体上。v Lu Xun says: I have always

11、 thought that translation is easier than writing, for at least you neednt work out a plot. But as soon as you put pen to paper, you meet with obstacles. For instance, you can avoid a noun or a verb you cannot make good use of in writing, but you cant do so in translation.Guo Moruo: Translation is cr

12、eative work. Good translation is equal to creation Sometimes translation is more different than writing. A writer must have experience in life, but a translator has to experience what the author has experienced. And a translator must not only be proficient in his mother tongue but also have a very g

13、ood foundation in a foreign language. Therefore, translation is not easier than writing at all英语中有关定语和中心词的关系的另一条规则是短的修饰语在前，长的修饰语在后，从句则肯定放在中心词之后。比如 a new, expansive model of TV set which receives TV programs from all over the world. 一种可以接受全世界电视节目的昂贵的、新型的电视机 等等。 （2）状语 一般情况下，英语中几种状语的位置的顺序是：方式、地点、时间；而在汉

14、语中的顺序则是：时间、地点、方式。例如： We are to our hearts content at her home last Sunday. 我们上星期天在她家里饱餐一顿。 （3）并列成分 在排列几个并列成分的时候，英语按逻辑上的轻重、前后、因果或部分整体的顺序排列；而汉语则一般将较大、较强、较极端，或者给人印象比较深的成分放在前面。比如： elementary an high school中小学 private and public公与私 the peasants who have little or no lands无地或少地的农民 the iron and steel indus

15、try钢铁工业 food, clothing, shelter and transportations衣食住行 汉语中我们习惯于先说原因后说结果 Nobody could be too foolish this day.” 直译为“今天谁也不会太愚蠢。 英语逻辑严谨，需要使用较长的复合句表述的时候，巧妙运用连词和代词来表达逻辑关系是不可缺少的。分析长句间错综复杂的关系才能弄懂句义 Just less than three decades ago, fortune was still one of the most unpopular words with the Chinese, who of

16、ten linked the pursuit of money and wealth with capitalism and exploitation. 英语主要是主谓结构， 汉语主要是话题说明结构 英语的一个句子的主谓（语）齐全，这个句子就必须用句号结束。英语句子之间不可以使用较多分号，除非是两个并列的单句，中间用连词连接着才可以。 汉语语法:一种“意合”语法 即词语间的组合以达意为标准，对词的形式，顺序没有太多特定的要求，如：下列句子中的“施事”（主语）和“受事”（宾语）可以随意调换位置 一个房间住三个人三个人住一个房间 八个人一桌一桌八个人 枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马（汉语

17、还可以无视“词类”间的搭配，例如将一连串名词铺排叠加，以描绘某个画面某种意境 ）在英语中，一串词的组合能不能构成一个句子，取决于它是否具备由一致关系支配的主谓结构。 汉语:定语修饰语多放在名词前面 英语:定语修饰语可以放在名词的前面或后面。She had words with her. （错误）她和他谈过话了。 （正确）她和他吵架了。 I am a Ducthman if it is true. （错误）真的我就是一个荷兰人。 （正确）决无此事。（自从英荷战争之后，Dutchman在英语中成了一个贬义词，表示那些胆小、虚伪、吝啬的人。由此而产生了一大堆说法。比如说: I would rather be a Dutchman是表示强硬的拒绝；Im a Dutchman if I do 表示肯定不会做某事，类似于中国人说如果我怎么样就不是人。此外，Dutch courage指色厉内荏，Dutch feast指主人先客人而醉的宴会，Dutch widow指妓女等等