从句讲解文档格式.docx

1、2Inothingabouthimexceptisfromthesouth.（that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。3Thateversaidsuchathingsimplydontbelieve.（that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。4Wedecided,inviewofhisspecialcircumstances,wewouldadmitforprobationaryperiod.（主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。（2）从属连词if/

2、whether。doubtwhetherwillsucceed.我怀疑他是否会成功。ifyoucanhelpme.我不知道你能否帮助我。（3）连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,why。Whoorwas,Martinneverlearned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。wonderheswritingtomeabout.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。Illtellwhyaskedcome.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。Youmaydowill.你可做任何你想做的事。介词宾

3、语从句宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。deeplydispleasedbyhadoccurredday.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。walkedoverwhereshesat.我走向她坐的地方。amcuriousassay.我很想知道他要说什么。Yoursuccesslargelydependuponhowit.你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。有时介词可以省略。care（for）whomarrieshim.我不管谁跟他结婚。Becareful（asto）that.你要注意做这件事的方式。解释：1如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。thoughtitstran

4、geXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。madecleargivein.他已表明他不会屈服。2作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。goodstudentcareless.他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。relyonshallyou.你可以指望我会帮助你的。介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。Aresorryyouvedone?你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？3某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，

5、这类形容词或过去分词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等，连词that可省略。sureoughtdo.我不能确定我该做什么。Imafraiddontunderstandsaid.恐怕你没领会我说的意思。surpriseddidnallbefore.我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。Motherverypleasedherdaughterpassedexams.妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。4连词whether（ornot）或if引导的宾语从句if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or

6、not连用，if一般不与ornot连用。truenot.我不知它是真是假。用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较：Pleaseletwantgo.if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。5宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。thinkareright.我认为你错了。believetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet.我相信他们还未

7、完成他们的工作。supposecares,doeshe?我想他不在意，是吗？6宾语从句的时态变化规律：当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。（2）当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。二定语从句一定语从句的定义和结构在复合句中修饰主语某一个名词，或代词的从句称为定语从句。它所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词的后边。定语从句由关系词来引导。两种类型：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一个核心技术：选择引导词的关键是看他在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。定语从句中的关系词一共有9个关系代词：which that who whom whos

8、e as 关系副词：when where why 二关系代词引导的定语从句who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。whom 指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略。whose可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。which 指事物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，可省略。that指事物，也可指人，在从句中作主语宾语或表语，作宾语，可省略。as既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句三。关系副词引导的定语从句先行词为表时间，地点，原因的名词，并且在句子中分别做时间状语，地点状语，原因状语时分别用关系副词when /where/whywhen 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。where 表示地点，其先

9、行词往往是表示地点的名词。why 表示原因，常用在先行词reason后面。四“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用 “which （指物） ，whom （指人）和whose（指人或物，做定语）”，即：介词+ which / whom/whose介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能是which /whom/whose介词位于定语从句后的结尾时，可用that/which （指物） , that/whom/who （指人） 作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可省略。That is the pen （that/which） I wrote the l

10、etter with. This is the hero （that/who/whom） we are proud of .关系代词前的介词的使用情况。根据前面名词的搭配关系。 Ill never forget the day on which I first met him.根据定语从句后面动词和介词的搭配关系。The man to whom you spoke just now is my brother.五限制性与非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法：在任何情况下都不能省略。who （主语）， whom （宾语），which （主语、宾语）不能用that 代替，也不

11、能互换。介词 + which / whom + 从句的结构中，介词不能移到从句的后面。when, where 可用于非限制行定语从句。I often think of the happy days, when I played with my little friends in my hometown. 两类定语从句的区别限制性定语从句不能用逗号与主句分开，它限制所修饰的先行词的意义；非限制性定语从句前面需用逗号与主句分开，它只是先行词的附加说明，省去后不会影响主句的意思。My brother who lives in N.Y. is a lawyer. 我住在南阳的那个弟弟是个律师。My b

12、rother, who lives in N.Y., is a lawyer. 我弟弟是个律师，他住在南阳。六。使用定语从句时应注意的问题关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定。The man who lives downstairs speaks Japanese fluently. The students who are in Class 9 are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 定语从句有时紧跟先行词，有时中间由一个定语，状语或谓语隔开。There is an expression in his eyes that I can

13、t understand. 在他眼里有一种神情令我琢磨不透。The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon. 中国人民被人轻视的日子一去不复返了。关系代词 that 与 which 的用法区别：which 可以引导非限制性定语从句，that 不能。（2） which 前可有介词，that 不能。（3） that和 which 都指物时，以下五种情况只能用that 而不用 which。a. 先行词是 all, everything, something, nothing, anything, much

14、, little, few 等不定代词时。There was little that I could do for you. That is all that I want to say.b. 先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen.The first place that they visited in N.Y. was Zhuge Temple. c. 先行词被the very, the only, the just等修饰时。This is the very skirt that I want to buy

15、.d. 当人和物同时作先行词时。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about。e. that 做表语，可指人或物He is not the man that he is used to be. Bei jing is no longer the place that it was.关系代词which 与 as 的用法区别：由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，which在句中。以下情况只能用which1） 从句不能提到

16、主句前 He failed in the exam, as / which was expected. As was expected, he failed in the exam.2） 从句的结构是否定句 The gentleman didnt give his seat to the old man, which was not expected. 3）从句是 “主语+谓语+宾语 （+宾补）”的结构 He got high marks in the exam, which makes his parents satisfied. 注意先行词 time 和 way 后跟定语从句的情况。 当先

17、行词是way，意为 “方式，方法” 时，引导定语从句的关系代词有 that / in which/ 省略 三种。 先行词是time 时，若time 表示 “次数” 时，应用关系代词 that引导的定语从句，that 可省略。若time 表示 “一段时间”时， 应用关系副词 when, 或 介词at / during + which 引导的定语从句。I could hardly remember how many times （that） Ive failed.This is at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telepho

18、nes, and no TV sets. from where，since when为 “介词关系副词” 结构，但也可以引导定语从句。We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can enjoy an amazing view of the whole town.我们站在山顶，从那儿可以欣赏到全镇美丽的风景。We met with each other in 1999, since when she became an important person in my life. 我们在1999年遇到了彼此，从那时起她就成为我生命中一个重要的人。

19、三状语从句1.时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when2 地点状语从句wherewherever, anywhere, everywhere3 原因状语从句because, since, as, forsee

20、ing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.4 目的状语从句so that, in order thatlest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that5 结果状语从句so that, such that,such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that6 条件状语从句if, unless,as/so long

21、 as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that7 让步状语从句though, although, even if, even though as（用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装），while （ 一般用在句首 ），no matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever8 比较状语从句as（同级比较）, than（不同程度的比较）the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B9 方式状语从句as, as if, how 特殊引导词：the way