1、中考英语专项提分复合句定语从句名词性从句状语从句中考英语专项提分:复合句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)考点、难点详解定语从句考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 1whose是一个表示所属关系的词,在定语从句中作定语,of which可以代替whose指物,词序一般是名词of which或of which名词。of whom 可以代替whose指人,词序是名词of whom。2which,that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that;which代指前面整个句子内容。3who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代
2、词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。考点二 介词提前了的定语从句 1与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。2与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。3ofwhich/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)考点三 关系副词引导的定语从句 1关系副词在定语从句中作状语,when指时间,where指地点,why指原因,在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。2先行词是时间名词或地点名词时,如果在从句中不作状语,则不能用when或where引导定语从句,而要用which/that。考点四 先行词为point, situation, case等的定语从句 point,situation,case,act
3、ivity等,从表面上看它们不是表地点的,但却表示类似地点的意义,因此它们作先行词时,如果引导词在从句中作状语,那么这个引导词要用where;如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。名词性从句考点一 主语从句主语从句在主句中作主语,位于主句谓语动词之前,但多数情况下由it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句子的后面,其句型结构为:Itben./adj.that/whether/why/when从句。考点二 同位语从句 1同位语从句常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt 等名词的后面,是对前面
4、的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。2同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明,引导词只起引导作用,不在句中作任何成分,一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制,引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。考点三 表语从句 表语从句在句中作表语,位于主句的系动词之后。引导表语从句的连词有that,whether,as if;疑问代词有who,what,which;疑问副词where,why,when,how等。考点四 “疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”的区别 “疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”虽然都有“无论”的意思,但是用法有
5、区别:“疑问词ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句,而“no matter疑问词只能用来引导状语从句。状语从句考点一 时间状语从句 1表示时间的状语从句可以由when,whenever,as,while,before,until,ever since ,as soon as等词引导。【温馨提示】when可表原因,意为“既然”。How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen?既然你什么也听不下去你怎么期望学东西呢?2as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the momen
6、t,the minute,the instant,no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.和once(一就)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。3no sooner.than和hardly.when引导的从句表示“刚就”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时。若把no sooner, hardly提到句首,主句须倒装。考点二 条件状语从句 1通常由if,unless如果不,除非,as(so)long as 只要,in case “结果,万一”等连词引导。2由on conditi
7、on(that);provided(that);providing(that)(假若;倘使);supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。考点三 地点状语从句 1通常由连词where和wherever引导,从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。2地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Where theres a will,theres a way. 有志者事竟成。考点四 让步状语从句 1.由although,though,as引导的状语从句although和though同义,用法基本相同。前者较正式,多置于句首;后者较通俗、口语化。【温馨提示】as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语,语序
8、要倒装。Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子,但是他知道得很多。2even if, even though表示“即使,纵然”,有退一步设想的意味,多用于书面语中。3whether(.or)引导让步状语从句,提供两个或两个以上的假设。4由疑问词ever引导让步状语从句。考点五 原因状语从句 原因状语从句常用because, since, as, for引导,还可用now that (既然),considering that.(考虑到),not that.but that(不是因为而是因为)等引导。考点六 结果状语从句 结果状语从句由so that, so.
9、that, such that, such.that等词引导。复合句专项练习1. The school shop, _ customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.A. which B. whose C. when D. where【解析】答案:B 句意:这家校内商店放假时关门,它的顾客主要是学生。考查定语从句。本句没有并列连词也没有从属连词,故可判断逗号后面是非限制性定语从句;本句先行词是the school shop,还原到从句后为:The school shops customers are mainly studen
10、ts.因此选B,用whose引导定语从句,关系代词whose在从句中作定语。2. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that【解析】答案:D 句意:这个古老的小镇拥有建造得彼此靠得很近的狭窄街道和小房子。本题考查定语从句。先行词是narrow streets and small houses,还原到从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that。A和C不能引导定语从句;B是关系副词,不能作主语。3. Julie was g
11、ood at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently.A. who B. whom C. which D. that【解析】答案:C 句意:Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语,所有的(三门语言)她都说得很流利。先行词为German,French,Russian,代入定语从句后为:She spoke all of the three languages fluently.由此可见,先行词在定语从句中作of的宾语,先行词指“物”,且介词提前,故用which。4. Mother bought many tomatoes from t
12、he market two days ago, _ some have gone bad due to the bad weather.A. of those B. from which C. of which D. in which【解析】答案:C 考查定语从句。此处表示“其中的一些西红柿”,故用“介词关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句。5. As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem _ they cannot work out.A. that B. if C. in order that D. as【解析】 答
13、案:D 句意:作为老师,我很少给我的学生难以解决的问题。先行词为so difficult a problem,代入定语从句后为:They cannot work out so difficult a problem.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作宾语。“so或such名词”作先行词、且先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时,需用as引导定语从句。本题易误选为A项,用that引导状语从句,但状语从句应是完整的,所以,如选A项,题干应该为:As a teacher,I seldom give my students so difficult a problem that they cannot wo
14、rk it out.作为老师,我很少给我的学生如此难的问题以至他们不能解决。6. It is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A. whetherB. when C. which D. where【解析】答案:A 本题考查名词性从句。句意:那个旧公交车站是否应该被一家现代化宾馆所取代仍在讨论中。“It”作形式主语,“_ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or no
15、t”作真正的主语。根据句意及题干中的“or not”可知答案为whether,“whether.or not”在名词性从句中意为:是否。 7. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever【解析】答案:C 句意:她对我们弥足珍贵。我们已经准备好尽一切努力挽救她的生命。这里的whatever既作take的宾语,也引导do后的宾语从句。8. Being angry is OK, but knowing how to tell someone _ made you angry is important.A. that B. which C. why D. what【解析】答案:D 考查名词性从句。句意:生气没什么,但是知道如何告诉别人什么导致你生气是很重要的。tell someone之后是宾语从句,且从句缺少主语,因此空处填what。9. In recent ye
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