1、校长说下周日我们将去参观科学博物馆。Our teacher of physics suggested that we(should)try to make some electronic toys ourselves . 我们的物理老师建议我们自己应试着做一些电动玩具。¥注意:在suggest,demand,order,insist等表示“要求;建议”等的动词之后的宾语从句中,谓语用“动词原形或should+动词原形”结构。2. 由whether,if引导的宾语从句,它们引导的是一般疑问句,在从句中有含义(是否),不充当成份,不可以省去。一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但有的情况下只
2、能用whether,不可用if:(1)当后接不定式时,只能用whether,不能用if。(2)用于句首时不可用if,只能用whether表示“是否”。(3)后面有or not时,只可以用whether,不能用if。当然if还有“如果”之意,引导条件状语从句,而whether则无此功能。I want to know whether(if)you can repair the recorder for me . *我想知道你能否帮我修录音机。She asked whether(if)there were any chemists shops in this street . 她问这条街上有没有药房
3、。3. 由who,what,how,which,whose,where,when,why等引导的宾语从句。如:Please tell me who came first this morning . 请告诉我今天早晨谁第一个来的。The reporter will talk to us about what he saw and heard in Japan . 这个记者要给我们谈谈他在日本的见闻。The listeners were much interested in how the man became an artist . 听众对于他是如何成为艺术家的事情非常感兴趣。Please s
4、how me which bus I should take to get to the Peoples Park . 请您指点一下,我到人民公园应乘哪路公共汽车。I want to know whose pen is left on the table in the reading room . 我想知道谁的笔落在阅览室的桌子上了。Do you know where the museum is 你知道这个博物馆在哪儿吗Please tell me when Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics . 请告诉我爱因斯坦什么时候获得诺贝尔物理学奖金的。!
5、Please explain to me why heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed . 请给我解释一下,为什么重的物体和轻的物体下落速度是一样的。4. 宾语从句的时态:把握宾语从句的时态要知道其时态是由主句决定的,当主句为现在的时态时,从句根据自身的需要选用任一个时态;当主句为过去时的时候,从句也要用过去的一种时态,但此时要注意:如果从句表示的是客观真理,则仍使用一般现在时,不可换为过去时。另外,我们要注意区分客观真理与一般性的事实。如“他昨天告诉我他的哥哥是个医生。”这句话中的从句表示的就属于一般性事实,这时的从句应
6、用过去时,但在口语或非正式的场合下,也有使用一般现在时的情况,正式、规范的英文还是要变成过去时,说成He told me that his brother was a doctor yesterday . 5. 注意宾语从句的语序:在引导词后面的从句都应为陈述句语序,而不可以是一般疑问句的顺序。6. 另外还要注意由what,where,how引导的宾语从句,当主句的主语与从句的主语相同时可转换成“疑问词+动词不定式”的简单句形式。I am not sure which sweater I should choose . = I am not sure which sweater to choo
7、se . (二)初谈直接引语与间接引语】1. 概述:说话人在转述别人的话时,可以一字不差地加以引用,被引用的话在语法上叫做直接引语。John said , “ I am going to London next week . ” 约翰说:“下周我将要去伦敦。”She said , “ We have enough time to finish the work . ” 她说:“我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。说话人用自己的话转述别人的话时,可以对原话有所更动,这叫做间接引语。John said that he was going to London the next week . 约翰说他下周要
8、去伦敦。She said that they had enough time to finish the work .她说他们有足够的时间完成这项工作。(间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。2. 各种句式的变化:(1)陈述句:直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语等要做相应的变化。He said to me , “ I broke your CD player . ” He told me that he had broken my CD player . She said
9、 , “ Ill go there tomorrow . ” She said that she would come here the next / following day . He said , “ These books are mine . ” He said that those books were his . She said , “ Ill come here this afternoon . ” She said that she would go there that afternoon . He said , “ Light travels much faster t
10、han sound . ” He said that light travels much faster than sound . (注意:直接引语若是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变)(2)疑问句: 一般疑问句:要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时,要改为asked。没有间接宾语时,可以加一个间接宾语(me,him或us等)。He said , “ Are you interested in English ” He asked(me)if I was interest in English . 特殊疑问句:仍用原来的疑问词引导。“ What can I do f
11、or you ” he asked me . He asked(me)what he could do for me . 祈使句:转述祈使句时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式前面根据句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等动词,其句型是:tell / ask / order sb.(not)to do sth.。如果祈使句为否定式,在不定式的前面加上not。“ Make sure the door is shut , ” she said to her little son . She told her little son to make sure the door
12、was shut . “ Dont smoke in the room , ” he said to me . He told me not to smoke in the room . 【典型例题】例1 I think its going to be a big problem . (2002北京春季)Yes , it could be . I wonder we can do about it . A. if B. how C. what D. that$答案:选择C。评析:直接引语和间接引语都是宾语。本题考查宾语从句的引导词问题,根据题意,需要一个既能引导宾语从句又能在宾语从句中作do的
13、宾语的词。因此C为正确选择。例2 Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see .(2000上海)A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it isD宾语从句要用陈述句语序。当不清楚所谈到的人是男是女时,要用代词it,不用she或he。#例3 Quite a few people used to believe that disaster if a mirror was broken .(2002上海)A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having str
14、uckC. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike本句意为“过去很多人相信如果镜子碎了之后灾难就会降临。”用be sure to do的句型,此处的strike为不及物动词。例4 What does she want I dont know what .A. does she want B. did she want)C. she wanted D. she wants宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序,因而排除A、B,而由问句的时态及主句的时态判断应为一般现在时,故选D。例5 I dont know if she . But if she , Ill
15、 let you know . A. will come , comes B. will come , will comeC. comes , comes D. comes , will come选择Aif可引导两种从句,宾语从句(第一个if)和条件状语从句(第二个if),宾语从句时态由主句决定,而条件状语从句符合“主将从现”的要求,故选A。【模拟试题】综合练习(一)1. Great Wall is longest wall in the world . A. The , the B. A , a C. The , a D. A , the2. Is this your bedroom No
16、, its room . It was wonderful . A. When B. How C. Where D. What7. Taiwan is the southeast of China . A. in B. to C. on D. at8. He was riding to school he was hit by a car this morning . A. while B. when C. as D. so9. I take some photos in the hall No , you .A. Can , neednt B. Must , mustnt C. Could
17、, wont D. May , mustnt10. Youd better to send me an email when you get home . A. not to forget B. dont forget C. to not forget D. not forget11. How about to the cinema on Sunday A. go B. to go C. going D. will go12. When I was at college I three foreign languages , but I all except for a few words o
18、f each . A. spoke , had forgotten B. spoke , have forgottenC. had spoken , had forgotten D. had spoken , have forgotten13. The police found that the house and a lot of things .A. has broken into , has been stolen B. had broken into , had been stolenC. has been broken into , stolen D. had been broken
19、 into , had been stolen14. Our foreign teacher will go back for Christmas . We will go and her at the airport tomorrow . A. say hello to B. say sorry to C. say goodbye to D. say excuse to15. Marys brother had a talk at school yesterday afternoon , A. had he B. hadnt he C. did he D. didnt he16. Jenny
20、 and her parents going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow . A. is B. am C. are D. be17. Mum May I go out and play basketball you your homework yet A. Do , finish B. Are , finishing C. Did , finish D. Have , finished18. Excuse me , to the nearest bookshop , please Go straight and take the second tur
21、ning on the left . A. where the way is B. which the way is C. where is the way D. which is the way19. This dress was last years style . I think it still looks perfect it has gone out this year . A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since20. Theres someone at the door . Can you go and see who i
22、s A. he B. she C. that D. it21. Thats the only thing cant be forgotten in my life . A. that B. which C. who D. /22. “ Nightingal Prize ” is for .A. workers B. scientists C. doctors D. nurses23. Im sorry . I mistook you for Lucy . .A. Not at all B. Im sorry , too C. Its a pleasure D. Thats all right2
23、4. Jim and I will go to the post office this afternoon . . go together A. So I do , Why dont B. So do I , What aboutC. So I will , How about D. So will I , Shall we?综合练习(二)1. I hope youll have good time at party . A. a , / B. an , the C. a , a D. a , the2. The market isnt far from here . Its only bi
24、cycle ride . A. half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half3. I was 8 years old when my father was 31 . This year my father is twice my age . How old am I A. 21. B. 22. C. 23. D. 24.4. Which of the two English dictionaries will you buy !Ill buy of them , so I can give one to
25、 my friend , Helen . A. either B. neither C. all D. both5. It will be bad for your health to eat food and take exercise . A. fewer , more B. more , less C. little , much D. less , more6. Two fishermen saw in the sky while they were fishing by a lake . A. something strange B. anything strangeC. stran
26、ge something D. strange anything7. , China will send up a spaceship with people into space . :A. Before long B. So for C. From then on D. Long before8. The book was so interesting that he read it for three hours he realized it . A. when B. until C. after D. before9. Wheres Bob He has gone to Paris with his sister . He be back in two weeks . A. has to B. will C. should D. must10. Hello ! Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight Im sorry I cant . Mother
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