1、 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm wele.3)句型: It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了 It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了早该了 It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wis
2、h, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义:她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. 达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。Mrs. Darby has lived in Kent
3、ucky for seven years.( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去) 注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。1)动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2)情态动词 could, would.Could you lend me your bike?3 used to / be used to used to + do:过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so
4、forgetful. Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散步) be used to + doing: 对已感到习惯,或习惯于,to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)典型例题- Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.- Its 69568442. A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看 出,在听的时候没有
5、听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。4 一般将来时 1)shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening?2)be going to +不定式,表示将来。 a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划,安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹
6、象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意:be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。5 be going to / will 用于条件句时, be going to表将来 will表意愿
7、If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.6 be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)Im g
8、oing to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)7 一般现在时表将来 1)下列动词:e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如: Here es the bus. = The bus is ing. There goes the bel
9、l. = The bell is ringing.3)在时间或条件句中。 When Bill es (不是will e), ask him to wait for me. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.8 用现在进行时表示将来 意为:意图、打算安
10、排、常用于人。常用词为 e, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。m leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week?9 现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。10 比较过去时与现在完成时 1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 2)过去时常与具体的时间状
11、语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语 3)现
12、在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有e, go, leave, start, die, finish, bee, get married等。举例: I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了。 I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。) Why did you get up so early?(强调起床的动作已发生过了。 Who hasnt handed in his paper?(强调有
13、卷子,可能为不公平竞争。 She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。 I have finished my homework now. -Will somebod
14、y go and get Dr. White? -Hes already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。 (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.11 用于现在完成时的句型 1)It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。 It is the f
15、irst time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.2)This is the that结构,that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the f
16、irst time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。(2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, e B. even, have eC. ever, e D. ever, have e 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I hav
17、e ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中,从句要用完成时。非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。(错)I have received his letter for a month.(对)I havent received his letter for almost a month.12 比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have
18、 lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成
19、时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。 I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。 小窍门:当现在完成时+一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2)(错) Harry has got
20、 married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.13 since的四种用法 1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 I have been here since 1989. 2) si
21、nce +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.14 延续动词与瞬间动词 1) 用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果,不能
22、与表示段的时间状语连用。 He has pleted the work.他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果) Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2)用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句,表示做直到 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示到 ,才 He didnt e back until ten oclock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10点。典型例题1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had me
23、tB. have met C. metD. meet 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be 答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。15 过去完成时 1) 概念:表示过去的过去-|-|-|-其构成是had +过去分词构成。那时以前 那时现在
24、 2) 用法a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示原本,未能 We had hoped that you would e
25、, but you didnt.3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例题 The student
26、s _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, leftB,were writing, has left C. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left 答案D. 把书忘在办公室发生在去取书这一过去的动作之前,因此忘了书这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中 when表示的是时间的一点,表示在同学们正忙于这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。had no when 还没等 就 had no sooner than 刚 就 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.16 用一般过去时代替完成时 1)两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。 When she saw the mouse, she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时
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