1、21)fin, finit, 含义是“终,极” final, finish, confine22)firm, 含义是“坚固” firm, confirm, affirm(断定)23)fix, 含义是“固定” prefix, affix(附加)24)flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲” flexible, reflex25)flor, flour, flower, 含义是“花” flower, flourish26)form, 含义是“形” uniform, formula, transform, reform, deform27)forc, fort, 含义是“力,强度” force, e
2、nforce, effort28)gen, genit, 含义是“生产,发生” generate, generation29)gram, graph, 含义是“书写,记录” telegram, diagram, photograph30)grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步,阶段” gradually, degree, progress31)hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持,住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit32)her, hes, 含义是“粘附” adhere, cohesion33)ject, jet, 含义是“抛射” pr
3、oject, inject34)jour, 含义是“日,一天” journal(日记), journey, adjourn(延期)35)jug, junct, 含义是“结合,连合” conjunction, junction(连合)36)labour, labor, 含义是“劳动,工作” laborer, elaborate, collaborate37)lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选,采集” collect, select, lecture38) lif, liv, 含义是“生活,生存” life, alive, live39)loc, 含义是“场所,位置” location,
4、 dislocate(脱位)40)long, leng, ling, 含义是“长的” length, prolong, linger41)loqu, locut, 含义是“说话” colloquial, eloquent,42)mand, mend, 含义是“命令” command, demand, recommend43)man, manu, 含义是“手,手法” manage, manual44)memor, menber, 含义是“记忆” memory, remember, memorial45)mind, ment, 含义是“心” mind, remind, mental46)merc,
5、 merch, 含义是“贸易” commerce, merchant47)meas, mens, meter, metr, 含义是“测量,度量” measure, meter, diameter48)min, 含义是“小” diminish, minority49)miss, mit, 含义是“派遣,送” mission, dismiss, transmit, missile50)mob, mot, mov, 含义是“动” movement, motion, mobile, remove51)nect, nex, 含义是“捆扎” connect, disconnect, annex(合并)52
6、)not, 含义是“记号,注意” note, denote, annotation(注释)53)onom, onym, 含义是“名字” synonym, antonym, anonymous54)pair, par, 含义是“相同,对等,准备” compare, prepare55)pel, puls, 含义是“追逐” expel, impel(推进)56)pend, pens, pond, 含义是“悬挂” depend, independent, expense(支付)57)phon, 含义是“声音” symphony, telephone, microphone58)plac, 含义是“位
7、置,场所” place, replace59)peopl, popul, publ, 含义是“人民,民众” public, republic, popular, people60)port, 含义是“搬运” export, import, deport(输送)61)press, 含义是“压,压制” pressure, express, oppress, impression62)prob, proof, prov, 含义是“实验,验证” prove, approve,63)quer, quest, quir, quis, 含义是“寻找,探问” inquiry, question, inquis
8、ition(调查,追究)64)rang, rank, 含义是“排列” arrange, rank,65)rect, right, rig, 含义是“正,直” correct, direct, erect66)riv, 含义是“河流,流远”,river, arrive, derive67)rupt, 含义是“破坏,毁坏” eruption, bankrupt, corruption68)sci, 含义是“认识,知识” science, conscious69)scrib, script, 含义是“书写,记录” describe, script70)sens, sent, 含义是“感觉,情感” s
9、ensation, sentiment71)sign, 含义是“标记,符号” signal, signature, design72)sembl, simil, 含义是“相似,类似” similar, resemble, assimilate(同化)73)soci, 含义是“结合,社交” social, association74)spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含义是“看,视” inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respect 75)struct, 含义是“建筑,构造”structure, construct, instruct, dest
10、ruction76)tect, teg, 含义是“遮蔽,掩盖” detect, protect77)temp, tens, 含义是“时间,时机” tense, contemporary, temporal78)tend, tes, tent, 含义是“倾向, 伸张” tendency, intension, extend, intend79)test, 含义是“证明,证实” testify, protest, contest(争论)80)text, 含义是“编织, 构成” textile, texture, context81)tract, trail, 含义是“拖拉,吸引” attract,
11、 tractor, abstract, contract(收缩)82)tribut, 含义是“给予” contribution, distribute83)us, ut, 含义是“用,使用” usable, utilize, abuse84)vac, van, 含义是“空,虚” vacancy, vanity, evacuate(清空)85)vad, vas, wad, 含义是“走,去” invade, wade, evade(逃避)86)vers, vert, 含义是“旋转,反转” convert, inversion(倒转),reverse, pert(使转向)87)vid, vis, v
12、ey, view, 含义是“观看,看见” television, visible, evident, interview,88)viv, vit, 含义是“生,活” vivid, vital, survival,89)war, ward, 含义是“注意,保护” aware, wary(谨慎), ward(守护)90)way, 含义是“路” way, away, subway, always二、派生记忆法 派生记忆法(也称词缀记忆法),即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀,构成另一个单词的构词法。添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀,它一般不改变原词的词性,只改变 其词义。添加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀,它改变
13、了原词的词性,有时也改变其词义。前缀、后缀是构词的要素,具有一定的作用和意义。懂得了前后缀的含义, 就容易了解由前(后)缀和词根结合而成的单词的意义。现把英语中常见的前后缀列举如下:常见前缀:1) 否定前缀:a- : amoral 不道德的 apathy无情dis: dishonest, disappear, disloyal, disorderin/ir/ il/im: incorrect ,injustice, impossible, illegal, irregularnon: non-scientist ,non-smoker ,non-stopun: unhappy, unreal,
14、 unofficial, unfair2) 表示相反动作或事物的前缀de-, dis-, un-, proof-(防水的)degrade 堕落,下降dislike, disagree, dislike, dissolve溶解,分离undo, untie, unlock, undressproof water防水的3)贬义前缀mal-, mis-, pseudo-(伪,假)maltreat,malfunction 机能失常,malnutritionmislead, misinform, misfortunepseudoscientific, pseudo-realism4) 表示程度或尺寸的前缀
15、arch-(超级的):archenemy, archrivalco-(共同的):co-author, costar(合演者)extra-: extraordinary非凡的,extra-brightmacro-(特别大):macroeconomicsmicro-非常小:Microsoft, microcomputermini-微:mini-skirt, minibusout-超过:overdo, overworksub-次的,第二的:substandardsuper: supernatural, superstarunder: underground, undergraduatewell: w
16、ell-known, well-informed5) 表示态度或倾向的前缀anti-(反对,防止):antiwar, antiaircraft防空袭的contra-(反对,相反):contradict, contra-dancecounter-(反对,相反):counteraction反作用pro-(亲,赞成):pro-American, pro-slavery6) 表示时间或顺序ex-表示前任的,从前的:ex-wife, ex-presidentfore-前,先:forefather, forethought深谋远虑post-后的:post-war, postgraduatepre-前的:p
17、re-war, prematurere-再:remarriage, reconsider7) 表示地点的前缀extra-以外的:extra-official, extralegalfore-在前边: forehead, forefather, foretellinter-在之间: international, interschooltele-远距离的: telecommunication, telescopetrans-穿越:transplantin-内,里: inside, inland, invadesuper-在之上: superstructure上层建筑8) 表数字的前缀uni-(统一
18、的):uniform, unisex(男女皆宜的)mono-(单一): monologue, monoxide一氧化碳bi-(二个): bicycle, bi-lingualdi-(双倍的,两重的): dialogue, dioxide二氧化碳multi-(多的):multimediasemi-(半的) semiautomatic半自动的hemi-(半的):hemisphere半球tri-(三个):triangle, tricolor三色旗centi-(百分之一):centimeter厘米,centigram厘克有些特殊的前缀可改变词性,如:a-, be-, en/em-asleep, awa
19、ke;befriend, belovedenforce, enable, endanger, encourage, enrich, enlarge常用后缀1.指人的后缀- eer: engineer, pioneer, volunteer-er/or: singer, teacher, visitor, actor-ess: actress, hostess-ster: youngster, gangster-an, ian, ese国家的人:Australian, American-ant, ent: assistant, applicant, dependant-ician: electr
20、ician, technician-ist: scientist, communist, typist, chemist-ism: socialism, realism2. 名词的后缀-age, -al, -ion/-sion/-ation/-tion, -dom, -hood, -ity, -ment, -ness, -ship, -th, -ty,-ure, -ics, -logy3. 形容词的后缀名词变形容词:-ed, -ful, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -y, -c, -ous动词变形容词:-able/ible: arguable, permissible,-
21、tive/sive: talkative, decisive4. 副词的后缀 ly, -ward/wards5. 动词的后缀-ate: attribute, calculate-en: blacken, redden, broaden, deepen-ify: beautify, certify, modify-ize/ise: analyze, modernize三、合成记忆法有些汉字,比如“明“解“等属于合成字。“日“即太阳,是白天光明的来源;“月“即月亮,是黑夜光明的来源;所以“明“就“日“和“月“两个 字合成而来。在英语词汇里也有与此类似的合成词,这些合成词是由两个或两个以上的具有独立
22、意义的子词组合而成的,而且合成词的意义通常就是其构成中子词意 义的叠加与复合。这种把两个单词或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方法叫做合成法。以下是英语学习中合成词的的主要构成方法:A) 复合名词的主要构成方式1) 名词+名词classroom教室,newspaper报纸,schoolboy(中小学)男学生,bookcase书柜2) 形容词+名词blackboard黑板, green-house温室,highway公路,sickbed病床3) 动词+名词pickpocket 扒手, break-water防波堤4) 副词+名词overcoat大衣, inland 内地5) 代词+名词he-goa
23、t公山羊,she-wolf母狼6) 动词+副词die-hard顽固分子, breakdown崩溃,毛病, breakup 瓦解7) 名词+介词+名词editor-in-chief总编辑,father-in-law岳父,公公B)复合形容词的主要构成方式1) 名词+形容词snow-white雪白的, seasick海上晕船的, colour-blind 色盲的, world-wide全世界规模的, heaven-born 天生的, lifelong终身的2) 形容词+形容祠red-hot 灼热的, bitter-sweet又苦又甜的, dark-blue 蓝黑的3) 副词+形容词ever-gree
24、n常绿的, over-sensitive 过于敏感的4) 名词+分词snow-covered雪盖着的, hand-made手工制作的5) 形容词+分词ready-made现成的, good-looking好看的, hard-working 勤劳的6) 副词+分词far-reaching 深远的, well-meaning好意的, well-informed消息灵通的7) 形容词+名词first-rate第一流的, second-hand旧的,用过的, 第二手的, bare-foot赤脚的8) 形容词+名词 + edwarm-hearted热心肠的, blue-eyed 蓝眼睛的, middle
25、-aged 中年的, open-minded思想开明的, white-haired白发的9) 数词 + 名词 + edtwo-faced两面派的, four-cornered有四角的10) 数词+名词+形容词five-year-old 五岁的,six-inch-tall 六英寸高的11) 名词+名词+ ediron-willed有钢铁意志的C) 复合代词的主要构成方式1) 代词宾格或物主代词 + self(selves),himself他自己, ourselves我们自己2) 某些不定代词 + body(one, thing)everyone (everybody, everything),
26、nobody (no one, nothing)D) 复合动词的主要构成方式1) 副词 + 动词overcome克服, upho1d支持,主张,outgrow因年龄增长而失去2) 名词 + 动词sun-bathe进行日光浴E) 复合副词的主要构成方式1) 名词+名词 sideways横着2) 名词+副词 headfirst 头朝下3) 形容词+名词 meanwhile同时;其间4) 介词+名词 beforehand事先四、转换记忆法英语中有些单词,词形不变,词性却可以由一种转化成另一种。一个单词由某一种词类转用为另一种词类, 这就是转换。单词转换后的意义往往与未转换前的意义有密切的联系。1) 名词转换为动词,如:X-ray
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