1、 a calm sea 平静的海, a rough sea 波涛汹涌的海, a long sea 长波阔浪的海, a short sea 急浪翻腾的海, a strong wind 劲风2)用在表示特指的人或物的名词前(熟知或心照不宣的人或物) Helen is in the garden . 海伦在花园里。( the garden of the house) Where are the other students ?别的学生在哪儿? ( the students both of us know) It rained heavily during the night . 夜里下了暴雨。The
2、 birds are singing . 百鸟争鸣。The snows came . 下雪天来临了。The air is fresh after the rains . 雨后的空气非常清新。比较:She likes the man of no little humour . 她喜欢那个幽默风趣的人。(特指) She likes a man of no little humour . 她喜欢幽默风趣的人。(泛指) . 考察下面一句:Where are ?A . shoes B . a pair of shoes C . a pair of shoe D . the shoes 3)用在第二次提到
3、的人或物的名词前We were just preparing to pass the night in the open when an old man came up to us , and insisted that we stay in his house .When we entered the house, the old man asked us to sit down , and began serving us coffee . 我们正准备在露天过夜, 这时一位老人朝我们走来,坚持要我们住在他的屋子里。我们就进了新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书2 第一讲冠词 4)用在由短
4、语或从句修饰的名词前The key to the safe is lost . 保险箱的钥匙丢了。The restaurant where I had my dinner last night is most inconvenient . 昨晚我去吃饭的那家餐馆太不方便了。5)用在形容词、副词最高级或序数词前; only, main, sole, same 修饰名词时, 前面也要用定冠词That.s the main point . 那就是要点。He is the sole heir . 他是唯一的继承人。The same causes produce the same effects . 种
5、瓜得瓜, 种豆得豆。The darkest cloud has a silver lining . 山重水复处必是柳暗花明。He is the f irst man to come . 他是第一个来的人。This is the only path through the forest . 这是穿过森林的唯一的小路。. 但在下列习语中, 序数词前不用定冠词:We are f irst cousins . 我们是亲表兄弟。He is second to none in skill . 他的技术比谁都高超。He went to see her f irst thing in the morning
6、. 他早上首先去看她。. 其他如: at first glance, on second thoughts, first prize 头奖, first secretary 第一书记6)用在单数名词前表示属类The whale is in danger of becoming extinct . 鲸有灭绝的危险。The rose smells sweet . 玫瑰花香。A bird in the hand is wor th two in the bush . 一鸟在手胜过二鸟在林。The telephone was invented by Alexander G . Bell . 电话是由亚
7、历山大G贝尔发明的。Who invented the television ?电视是谁发明的?The fox may grow grey, but never good . 狐狸会变老, 但不会变好。The burnt child dreads the fire . 挨过烫的孩子怕火。The cautious man shouldn.t do like that . 谨慎的人是不会那样做的。You.d better play the man a little more . 你应该多一点男子汉气概。The yen was undervalued compared with the dollar
8、. 日元对美元的比值降低了。The kilometre is the international standard . 千米是国际通用的标准。7)用在复数名词前表示某类人的总称或集体中的任何一个或多于一个Once in a while they go to the shops . (指一个商店或多个商店) Her countenance is like the f lowers and the moon . 她有着花容月貌。What surprises him most is that the government employees are mildly annoyed at the dec
9、ision . 最使他感到吃惊的是, 所有的政府雇员都对这项决定感到有些气愤。. 也表示泛指时日。The times have changed . 时代变了。The years went by . 一年又一年。(光阴荏苒。) 8)用在形容词、动名词、过去分词前表示同一类人或物或某种抽象概念作主语时, 谓语动词一般用复数。但表示某一个人, 某种抽象概念或抽象事物时, 谓语动词用单数。the rich 富人the old 老年人(旧的东西) the deceased 死者the condemned 死刑犯大学英语语法讲座与测试(第二版) 3 一、使用定冠词与不使用定冠词的场合the employe
10、d 雇员the assured 被保险人the socially gifted 具有非凡交际能力的人the fair 美人the mentally unbalanced 精神失常者the brave 英雄the down- trodden 受蹂躏的人the missing 失踪者the unusual 古怪的东西the mentally ill 精神病患者the difficult 困难的东西the ordinary 寻常的东西the unexpected 不可预料的东西(事) the mystical 神秘古怪的东西the sentimental 多愁善感the unknown 未知的东西t
11、he innocent 无辜的人the impossible 不可能的事the blind 盲人the supernatural 神奇(超自然)的东西the homeless 无家可归的人the living 活着的人the dead 死者the dumb 哑巴the injured 受伤者the deaf 聋人the sick 病人the handicapped 残疾人the young 年轻人the aged 老人the wicked 恶人the wounded 伤员the oppressed 被压迫者the privileged 特权阶级the elderly 年长者the unscru
12、pulous 无耻之徒the dying 将死的人the unemployed 失业者the sublime 高尚(的东西) the exploited 受剥削者the right and the wrong 对与错the well-to-do 富裕的人the false, the evil and the ugly 假、丑、恶the learned 有学问的人the good and the evil 善与恶the ridiculous 荒谬(的东西) the inevitable 不可避免的事the t rue, the good and the beautiful 真、善、美The yo
13、ung like skiing . 年轻人喜欢滑雪。Heal the wounded and rescue the dying . 救死扶伤。The living mourn for the dead . 生者哀悼死者。The learned are most modest . 有学问的人总是很谦逊的。The handicapped need our help . 残疾人需要我们的帮助。The well-to-do have their cares also . 富裕的人也有烦恼。Fortune favors the brave . 命运偏爱勇敢的人。She felt sympathy for
14、 the un fortunate . 她同情不幸的人。The wicked always come to bad ends . 恶人总会遭报应的。You can.t expect me to do the impossible . 你不能指望我做不可能的事。He was scornful of the p rivileged . 他鄙视特权阶层。We must take the rough with the smooth . 好的坏的我们都得承受。The unscrupulous often deceive the innocent . 无耻之徒总是会欺骗头脑单纯的人。The old is
15、always opposite to the new . 旧的东西总是同新的东西相对立。The righteous are bold as a lion . 正义之士, 其勇如狮。The poet has an ardent yearning for the supernatural . 诗人憧憬超自然的东西。We are apt to accept the obvious too easily . 我们容易轻易接受明显的东西。The power of fortune is acknowledged by the unhappy, for the happy owe all their suc
16、cess to their merits . 命运的力量为不幸者所承认, 因为幸福的人把他们一切的成功都归于自己的实力。. 但:The accused was acquitted . 被告被宣判无罪。(指一个人) The unknown is yet to come . 天有不测风云。(指未知之事) The beauti f ul is not always the good , and the good is not always the true . 美不一定是善, 善不一定是真。(指性质) There is but one step from the sublime to the rid
17、iculous . 高尚和荒谬相去只一步。The latest is that he has walked across the deser t . 最新消息说, 他已徒步穿越了沙漠。(某一具体事物) The inevitable was not long in coming . 不可避免的事不久就发生了。. 表示单数概念的这类词还有: the exotic, the unreal , the lovely, the foreign, the exciting 等。(指一人) Several of the accused were acquitted . 几个被告被宣判无罪。(指几人) . 这
18、类形容词有时可用副词、介词短语或定语从句修饰。The seriously wounded were sent to the hospital at once . 重伤者被立即送往医院。The old in this country are taken good care of . 这个国家的老人受到了很好的照顾。The extremely old are sent there . The emotionally disturbed are to be well treated . The very wise are still modest . The physically and menta
19、lly handicapped need looking after . The young in spirit enjoy life . The old who resist changes are few and far between . . 这类形容词有时可用比较级或最高级。Even the humblest have their rights in the world . 即使最卑贱的人在世界上也有自己的权力。The greatest are not always the noblest . 最伟大的人并非总是最高尚的人。The wise seeks advise f rom the
20、 wiser . 聪明人寻求更聪明人的指教。. 有时可用形容词性物主代词代替这类形容词前的定冠词。Your sick will be nursed and your young will be fed . 你们的患病者将得到护理, 年幼者将得到抚养。. the + haves 表示“富人, 富国”, the + have-nots 表示“穷人, 穷国”; the help 表示“佣人们”, 为“the + 名词”结构, 表示一类人。Information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global market
21、 with destructive impact on the have-nots . Note: 表示一类人时, the 偶尔可以省略。The country lacks capital, energy and food and has large numbers of unemployed . 这个国家缺少资金、能源和食品, 而且有大量的失业人口。9)用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛、某些国名、某些组织机构、报纸、杂志、书籍、会议、条约、信仰等名词前the Atlantic 大西洋the Thames 泰晤士河5 一、使用定冠词与不使用定冠词的场合the Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠the Al
22、ps 阿尔卑斯山the Yangtze (或the Yangtze River ) 长江the Americas 南北美洲或两洲各国the Highlands 山区(苏格兰) the Lowlands 平原区(苏格兰) the East Indies 东印度群岛the Persian Gulf 波斯湾the U . S . A . 美国the Spectator观察家the Warsaw Pact 华沙条约the Grand Canal 大运河the Philippines 菲律宾群岛the Taiwan St rait 台湾海峡the Netherlands 荷兰the Saar 萨尔省th
23、e Ukraine 乌克兰the Yellow Sea 黄海the Changjiang( Yangtze)River 长江the Antarctic Circle 南极圈the West( East) End 伦敦西(东)区the Sudan 苏丹the Crimea 克里米亚the Senate 参议院(美国) the House of representatives 众议院(美国) the Diet 国会(日本、丹麦) the Duma 杜马(沙俄议会) the House of Lords 上议院(英国) the House of Commons 下议院(英国) the Treaty
24、of Nanjing 南京条约the Tass 塔斯社the Louvre( Palace) 罗浮宫the Ganlu Temple 甘露寺the Imperial Palace 故宫the Kremlin 克里姆林宫the Pentagon 五角大楼The Daily Telegraph每日电讯报The Atlantic大西洋杂志the Book of Poetry诗经the Odyssey奥德赛the True Story of Ah Q阿Q 正传the Illiad伊利亚特the national anthem 国歌 下列这类名词前不用冠词:Life生活周刊Time时代周刊News We
25、ek新闻周刊Punch笨拙周刊Congress 国会Parliament 议会含有Mount , Lake, Cape 等表示孤岛、独山、湖泊的名词前一般不加定冠词, 但中国湖泊名词前却常带定冠词。Lake Baikal 贝加尔湖, Hainan Island 海南岛,Mt . Fuji 富士山, Mt . Ali 阿里山, Lake Michigan 密歇根湖, Cape of Good Hope 好望角,Mount Jolmo Lungma 珠穆朗玛峰, Silver Lake 银湖, Mount Blanc 布朗峰, Christian Island 圣诞岛the Tongting La
26、ke, the Taihu (Lake) (也可说Lake Tongting, Lake Taihu) 除the Hague(海牙) , the Ginza(银座)外, 都市名称前不加冠词, 如: London, Nanjing 下面几个专有名词前, 用不用定冠词均可:( the) Cape Comoron ( the) Mount Everest ( the) Castle Wildenstein ( the) Fort St . George ( the) Hur ricane Eileen Bay (海湾)在专有名词后时不加定冠词。Manila Bay 马尼拉湾Jiaozhou Bay
27、胶州湾书籍、杂志也可用引号, 或用斜体。the“Song of Youth”青春之歌(小说) the East Today 今日东方(杂志) 10)用在姓氏的复数形式前表示“一家人” The Smiths often go downtown on Sundays . 史密斯一家星期天常到商业街去。6 第一讲The Van Goughs are the greatest family of picture deals in Europe . ( the Van Goughs 指一个大家族) . 成语keep up with the Jones 中的Jones 泛指“人们”, 意为“跟上时代, 不
28、落伍”。11)用在某些名词前表示民族、阶级、阶层the Chinese 中国人the bourgeoisie 资产阶级the intellectuals 知识分子the upper class 上层社会12)用在表示人名等的专有名词前, 表示鉴别意义这类专有名词中大都含有普通名词或形容词。the Emperor Napoleon 拿破仑皇帝the Reverend Peter Jones 彼得琼斯牧师the Judge Har ris 哈里斯法官the late President Nixon 已故尼克松总统the Misses Shaw 肖家姐妹Peter the Great 彼得大帝Ivan the Ter rible 伊凡雷帝the
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1