高考英语语法精讲精练精析定语从句Word格式.docx

1、Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.I saw some trees whose leaves were black.5注意that和which的区别（1）先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing, something, no, some, any, few, one等时，关系代词只能用that。We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.（2）先行词前有

2、形容词最高级修饰时，用that。This is the best book （that） Ive ever read.（3）先行词被序数词或者the only（唯一的），the very（正是那个），the last修饰时，用that。The first book that I read last night was an English novel.（4）如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，定语从句的关系代词只能用that。We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.（

3、5）以疑问词（who, which, what）开头的疑问句，为避免重复，用 that。Which is the book that you borrowed from the library?（6）关系代词放在介词之后，指物时只能用which，不能用that。This is the factory in which we once worked.（7）非限制性定语从句中，指代物或一种情况时，用which，不能用that。This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.The baby was ill, which made the mother ve

4、ry worried.6关系副词 when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词， 在定语从句中充当时间状语。Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching.7关系副词where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词， 在定语从句中充当地点状语。She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends.8关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason, 在定语从句中充当原因状语。He didnt tell me

5、the reason why he was so upset.高考预测限制性定语从句（介词which / whom） “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句中较复杂的一种，是我们学习定语从句的重点，也是高考的常考点。这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which和whom。先行词是物时，用介词 which；是人时，用介词 whom。介词后面的关系代词不能省略。1注意介词的选取： （1）根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。I called him by the wrong name, for which I should apologize. Who is the man with whom yo

6、u just shook hands?（2）根据定语从句意思的需要，不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。We depend on the land from which we get our food.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?（3）根据意思也可用复杂介词，如：by means of，as a result of，in front of，in the back of，all of，most of，none of，the taller of等。He lived in a big house, in front o

7、f which stood a big tall tree.There are forty students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard at a difficult problem in mathematics.2注意代词的选取： 在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，如果关系代词指代事物就用which；如果指代人则用whom。This is the reason for which he was put in prison.Tom has three brothers, one of whom is a singer. 3注意

8、关系代词的可替换性： 某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when、where和why互换。This is the factory in which I once worked.（in which可where替换）I have forgotten the exact date on which this country became independent.（on which可when替换） 4注意“介词 where”引导的定语从句： 有时我们可以见到“介词 where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词 which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His he

9、ad soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees.They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city.5“复合介词短语关系代词which / whom”引导的定语从句作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓常需倒装。They arrived at a small house, in front of which sat a small boy.I saw a man, on the head of

10、 whom stood a bird.6名词 of which，或者of which 名词，代替whose 名词，在定语从句中作定语。Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which（ whose price） was very reasonable.7介词 which （指物）/ whose （指人）名词。该结构中，只能用关系代词which，不能用whom。which单独起形容词作用，修饰它后面的名词。He might be ill, in which case we can not wait for him.The

11、driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.高考真题探究（20062011年）【2011全国卷I） 31】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what【答案】C【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】本题主句中的先行词writer和从句中的主语story有所属关系，译为作者的故事，因此选C。句子的意思是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。【2011全国卷II）7】T

12、ed came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which【答案】D【解析】分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。【2011北京卷）26】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the othe

13、rs, _, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that【答案】B【考点】考查非限定性定语从句。【解析】逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句部分的内容。选择which。【2011上海卷） 39】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. which B. where C. when D. as【答案】A【解析】先行词为the

14、bus station，从句中谓语动词hire后差宾语，故用关系代词which。【2011山东卷）32】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that【考点】此题考察定语从句的引导词。【解析】关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意为：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。【2011江西卷）34】She showed the visitors around the museum, th

15、e construction _had taken more than three years.A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which【考点】考察定语从句【解析】先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语，博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间。介词用of。选C。【2011江苏卷）24】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which【解析】句意：音

16、乐会的两大构成部分中间有幕间休息时间，在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。When引导的定语从句修饰an interval，when在从句中作时间状语。首先解析句子结构，判断从句类型，题干说“在音乐会中间有间歇，此时你可以买冰激凌。”题干的前半部分完整无缺，后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事，所以这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval，非限定性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。由于从句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表时间，所以正确答案为A【2011安徽卷）28】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator

17、, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while【解析】句意为：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系副词。由句型结构可以看出，该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语，该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。when在从句中作时间状语；which在从句中作主语或宾语；while是连词，不能用于定语从句。【2011浙江卷）8】English is a language shared by several diver

18、se cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those【解析】本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，先行词在从句中做each of的宾语，所有应用关系代词which。【2011浙江卷）10】A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where

19、 D. there【解析】本句中的先行词是the place.，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。【2011福建卷）24】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who【解析】分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用which。【2011福建卷）33

20、】It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.Athat Bwhen Csince Dberore【解析】去掉It was及that后，April 29，2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。用when引导定语从句修饰April29，2011。【2011四川卷）17】The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays

21、. A. which B. whose C. when D. where【解析】此处whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shop，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店，其主顾大多是学生，因为放假就关门了。”【2011天津卷）10】The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. when B. that C. where D. which【考点】考察定语从句。when引导定语从句修饰The day。are gone为插入语。全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。【

22、2011陕西卷）11】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that【解析】先行词是hill，表地点，定语从句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句子成分中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。，答案选择【2011湖南卷）25】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spo

23、ke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that【考点】本题考察定语从句中复合关系代词的用法。【解析】介词后只能使用的关系代词是which, who, whose, 因为句子中关系词指代是语言，故选C；句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她说得都很流利。10福建Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose2答案B考点定语从

24、句解析先行词为planet, 表示地点, 故用where。10湖南Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which 答案A考点考查定语从句。解析该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students, 且在从句中作met的宾语, 故选关系代词who, 即A项。10江西The girl arranged to have piano lessons at

25、the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what解析先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。10山东Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What答案C考点本题考查定语从句的引导词。解析句意应为 “那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。

26、”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用, 所以使用whose。10山东Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which考点此处考查的是介词加疑问词引导从句解析考查介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy whichthatwe may return to in the near future.10天津-Can you bel

27、ieve I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?-You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that解析句意：你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗？你应该到我去的那家理发店试试, 只需要15美元。句中the barbers 是先行词, 从句中go 是不及物动词, 所选关系代词在从句中作状语, 所以要用where。10四川After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where解析此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句, which代替前边整个句子。 “大学毕业后, 我们休假一段时间去旅游, 这结果证明是一个明智的决定。10全国As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that考点此题考查非限定性定语从句。还是孩子的时候, Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学