新概念一语法总结Word下载.docx

1、Yes, it does. No, it doesnt.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词I want to have a bath. We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加dont.You dont want to have a bat

2、h.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers. Yes, I do. No, I dont. Yes, we do. No, we dontYes, they do. No, they dont. 2. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成： 主语be动词动词的现在分词其它成分（现在分词的构成见附录）We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the rive

3、r.Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否定句在be动词后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.特殊疑问句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词动词主语现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing

4、?What is the dog doing? 没有进行时的动词表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1. 表示感觉，感官的词see, hear, like, love, want,2. have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时3. 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件， 常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有be动词的句子， 将动词变为过去式，am, is的过去式为was，are的过去式为wereI was at the butchers.You were a

5、student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?I was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes,

6、I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.What did you do?不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Streeta year ago.变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did

7、 the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at a year ago?变否定句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Yes, he did. No, he didnt.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4. 现在完成时主语+助动词have, has+过去分词用法：1）

8、 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用I have just had lunch. （饱了，不用再吃了）He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book. （已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）2） 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing

9、?Have he seen the film?3） 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4） 表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过事情，经历过事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film. I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了I have bee

10、n to London.（人已经回来）He has gone to London.（人还在那里）5） 表示一种结果， 一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen. I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen. Yes, I have. No, I have not.What have you done?What has he

11、 done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错：Ive left Beijing for 3 days. 对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.5. 一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作， 经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示将

12、来的词联用结构：主语+助动词will+动词原形I will go to America tomorrow. The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow mo

13、rning?变否定句在助动词后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow. The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morningYes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.二、 特殊句型：there be 句型，be going to 结构1. B

14、e going to 结构表示打算，准备，计划做某事结构：主语+be动词+going to +动词原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it. The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?变否定句在be动词后面加not I

15、 am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑问句What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?（必背）2. There be 句型表示哪里有什么东西（某处有某物）u There

16、is单数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）There is a book in this room. There is a pen on the tableu There are复数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there. Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?变否定句在动词后面加notThere is not a book in this room. There are not two pen

17、s on the table. Yes, there is. No, there is not. Yes, there are. No, there are not.三、 问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句一般疑问句: 助动词/be动词+主语Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What is your name?选择疑问句: orDo you want beef or lamb?反意疑问句: 肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分， 否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分Yo

18、u dont need that pen, do you?否定疑问句: 一般疑问句+否定词Arent you lucky? Dont you want have a rest?四、 冠词用法：a/an/the的一般用法详细见笔记五、 限定词：some, any, many, muchsome, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用somemany修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much.I have a l

19、ot of money. I dont have much money.六、 名词：种类，复数，名词所有格1. 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词不可数名词无法分开的东西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice（米）抽象的东西：love, beauty, coldness（寒冷）不可数名词有以下特点：不能用a, an修饰不能加s和单数be动词或动词搭配可数名词：单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化：七、 介词（ 注意总结书上词组）八、 副词：用法及形容词变副词的变化u 副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：The book is

20、 very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.u 变化：1 直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully, slow-slowly,2 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变I, 加-ly,happy-happily, lucky-luckily3 有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化fast, hard, late4 有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远：neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately, 九、 情态动词的使用：can

21、, must, may, might, need,1. 情态动词can（能够）, must（必须）, may（可以）主语+can/must/may+动词原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?变否定句在情态动词后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak E

22、nglish.Yes, he can. No, he cannot.Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No, we cannot.What can you do?情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。2. Must/have to的区别must 表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，have to是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何时态3. must, may, might表示猜测：u must do 表示对现在事实的猜测u must have

23、done表示对过去事实的猜测u must have been doing 表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测u may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。u cant/couldnt 表示不可能4. need 用法：u 表示“需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式：I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I dont.I need to have a rest.u Need doing=need to be done，表示被动The flowers need wateri

24、ng.u Need在否定时做情态动词使用You neednt go so early. =You dont need to go so early.Must I clean the desk right now? No, you neednt.一十、 不定代词及不定副词：book everywhere, but I cant find it anywhere.If you want go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up.Help! Somebody? Anybody?You are really something.

25、Since everybody is here, lets begin our class.Where did you go? I went nowhere.Nobody is at home.I have nothing left.一十一、 感叹句：u What +名词+主语+谓语What a beautiful girl she is!u How + 形容词+主语+谓语How beautiful the girl is!一十二、 祈使句：l 第二人称：l let+其他人称代词l 祈使句的否定，加dontl 反意疑问祈使句（第二人称）祈使句表示请求，命令，建议，邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句

26、子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调。肯定句 动词原型例， Come here, please. Go downstairs, please. Stand up. Sit down. Be quiet. Be careful. 祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾Come in, Amy.Sit down here, Tom. Mary, give me a book please.否定：Dont+动词原型t come here.Dont sit down.Dont stand up.Dont give me it.let sb. doLet me pass.Let

27、 us have a rest. Lets have a rest.（反意疑问）：Lets have a walk along the river, shall we?Let us go out for a drink, will you?一十三、 倒装句：so/neither的倒装eg.He can swim. So can I.I didnt go to class. Neither did I.so/neither+be+ 主语so/neither+助动词+ 主语so/neither+情态动词+ 主语一般现在时, do, does/am, is, are现在进行时, am, is, are一般过去时, did现在完成时, have, has一般将来时, will, s