文献翻译操作Word格式文档下载.docx

1、Rotating:Once you have made a connection and the slips have cleared the table, select valve open and start up the mud pump, then select drill mode immediately. The preset functions in connection mode will be disabled and now you can manipulate the quill RPM by selecting forward and increasing or dec

2、reasing the pumps.Slide Drilling In order to hold toolface while sliding, you must close the grabber on the saver sub, allow the grabber cylinder to pressure-up, and then switch the pumps forward/reverse, to neutral. The grabber light will remain on. When sliding, the grabber is closed and the hoist

3、ing clutch interlock is activated. In order to work the drillstring you must push and hold the override button on the brake handle control box while hoisting. This allows the drawworks drum clutch to engage. When running a mud motor, keep accurate records of the reactive torque （motor pressure） in t

4、he string. At any given time, you may need to orient the toolface of the downhole motor. To do this the grabber will need to be opened; if you do not track downhole torque history, turning the string in small increments will be impossible. Assuming that you know the amount of torque present,follow t

5、hese steps to orient the toolface:1. Select drill forward.2. Decrease the pumps so that x psi （the pressure equal to the reactive torque） is present on the hydraulic pressure gauge.3. Select grabber open.4. If the value of x provides enough torque, the string should not turn. Turn the string to the

6、right by selecting:5. Increase pumps until the pipe turns very slowly and under control.6. When you have achieved the new orientation, quickly close the grabber.The amount of loop pressure needed to hold the drillstring when the grabber is opened will change as depth, and angle of build increase. Th

7、is is why you should record a downhole torque history, because the x value will be easier to predict. Turn the string to the left by decreasing loop pressure （decrease pumps）, and, if there is not much reactivetorque present, select reverse until positioning is complete, then close the grabber. Note

8、: The maximum reverse torque is set to prevent the string unscrewing. Do not engage the breakout function or the drillstring could come apart.Tripping:The Tesco top drive reduces the amount of time and work involved in tripping and reaming by giving you the ability to thread into the drillstring at

9、any point in the derrick. This is useful when encountering hole problems while tripping （for instance, pulling tight, bridging off or when a kick is evident）. In short, any time when the need to pump fluid into the well exists, it can be done without having to position the drillstring at floor level

10、 in order to install the kelly. Tripping pipe with a top drive is similar to conventional methods, with the exception that the robotic functions ease pipe-handling procedures. At no time is it necessary for the rig crew to position the elevators or open and close them. The link tilt function can pus

11、h the stand of pipe to be racked to the worker, both on the rig floor and to the derrickhand. When running in the hole, the derrickhand does not need to lean out to throw the stand in the elevators; he can simply ease the stand into the elevators, which are extended toward him. Once the stand is pla

12、ced in the elevators, they can be closed hydraulically. After the stand is racked in the derrick or added to the string the links should be returned to the vertical hanging position by selecting the float function.Important The links and elevators should never be manually operated by a worker.Cold C

13、limate: When the hydraulic top drive is working in a freezing environment, the oil quickly becomes thick and this will reduce its effectiveness. While drilling, the heat from the top drive motor（s） warms the oil enough so that this is not a concern, but whenever the quill is not rotating, such as wh

14、en you are slide drilling or tripping, the cold climate function should be used. To activate cold climate follow these steps: 1. Push in the cold climate button （on the left side of the drillers panel）.2. Select engine speed slow.3. Drill mode.4. Forward pumps.5. Increase or decrease pumps, to maint

15、ain 700psi on the hydraulic pressure gauge.When the cold climate button is pushed in it deenergizes the circuit to the top drive speed control valve and allows the flow of loop oil to pass through the motor manifold and circulates the closed loop system without turning the quill. Selecting engine sp

16、eed slow brings the prime mover to idle speed for cold climate operation. This saves overall wear and tear on the engine when it has a low load on it. Drill mode allows you to control the hydraulic pumps internal swash plates, which command the amount of oil flow to maintain 700psi. Forward pumps di

17、rects the oil flow in such a way that it passes through the maximum amount of filtration before going through the pumps again. Follow these steps in order to properly disengage the cold climate function:1. Neutral pumps.2. Connection mode.3. Neutral engine speed.4. Pull out the cold climate button.B

18、y selecting neutral pumps, the flow of hydraulic oil is stopped.Important: Never push out the cold climate button without the preceding 3 steps.Connection mode keeps the prime mover at an idle when the engine speed is switched to neutral.After pulling out the cold climate button the top drive can no

19、w return to normal operation.Tip: If the top drive will rotate and everything else is operating normally, double check that the cold climate button has not been accidentally operated.Reaming:Back reaming out of the hole is one of the greatest features the Tesco top drive provides. These steps should

20、 be followed before commencing:Note Reaming is to commence only at operators discretion and until the driller is experienced with this operation, the Tesco technician should be alerted.1. Ensure the correct saver sub is installed on the top drive and keep it properly doped while reaming or back-ream

21、ing.2. Connect the top drive to the drillstring.3. Open the mud saver valve.4. Start the mud pumps and establish circulation. 5. Remove the slips. 6. Select drill mode.7. Pumps forward Set quill speed to 30-40 RPM.8. Hoist the drill string and close the elevators on the stand.9. Work the drill strin

22、g until free of obstruction. When you are ready to rack the stand in the derrick, the procedure is as follows:1. Stop rotation. 2. Stop the mud pumps. 3. Set the slips.4. Break out the lowest connection with the rig tongs.5. Hoist stand out of the stump and allow the pipe to drain.6. Close the mud s

23、aver valve.7. Lower the stand to approximately 2 inches above the rotary table.8. Ensure the grabber is in position at the top tool joint.9. Close the grabber and break out the top drive. 10. Once the top drive is unscrewed from the pipe, open the grabber and the stand will rest on the floor.11. Hoi

24、st the top drive until the elevators pick up the stand.12. Link tilt forward until the derrickhand has control of the stand and it has been placed in the birdbath. 13. Open the elevators. 14. Link tilt back to vertical.15. Lower the top drive to the floor and continue back reaming if necessary. If a

25、n obstruction is encountered when tripping in the hole, or if for any reason it is necessary to establish circulation, i.e. well control, the top drive can be connected to the drillstring quickly by following these steps:1. If an obstruction is encountered, hoist until the drillstring is free, and a

26、 connection is at floor level. 2. Set the slips.3. Lower the top drive and guide the top tool joint into the grabber. Set backup tongs on tool joint at floor level. 4. Select connection mode.5. Rotate the top drive into the top tool joint and shoulder it up.6. Make up the connection to the specified

27、 torque.7. Open the mud saver valve. 8. Remove the tongs and the slips.9. Start the mud pumps and establish circulation. 10. Select drill mode.11. Set quill speed to 30-40 RPM. 12. Ream through the obstruction until the string is free.13. Lower top drive to the floor and disconnect the top drive see

28、, break out connection procedures.Working Tight Hole: It is important to know that when torque is applied to the drillstring you cannot pull up to the maximum force that the pipe is rated for. The top drive technician will provide information on specific classes of tubulars and their torsion/tension

29、 thresholds.In tight hole situations, it will be necessary to free the pipe using the top drive. With the top drive, the ability to maintain mud pump flow, raise and lower the drillstring and hold torque all at the same time is possible. It is recommended that when working tight hole, some torque ca

30、n be applied to the drillstring. This is best done by selecting:1. Drill mode 2. Decrease pumps 3. Forward pumps 4. Slowly Increase pumpsBy decreasing forward pump pressure, there will not be enough hydraulic flow to rotate the pipe. Now, slowly increase the pumps until the pipe begins to rotate. Ma

31、intain enough pressure on the hydraulic gauge to hold drillstring in torsion without reaching the torque relief setting on the top drive. When maintaining static torque over extended time periods, it is recommended to increase the pumps to a value less than the torque relief setting and allow the pu

32、mps to control the desired torque. If the top drive torque relief is activated, the hydraulic oil passing through the relief over time, will create excessive heat. The hot oil may, in turn, activate a power unit shut down, resulting in an untimely torquerelease of the drill string.The power module is equipped with numerous safety shutdowns. When the hydraulic oil reaches the hi