高考生物二轮复习高考重点冲关练21食物链网中的能量传递339Word格式文档下载.docx

1、C.5.95107kJ D.2.15根据题意和图示分析可知:A同化的总能量最少需要按最长食物链、最低能量传递效率计算,所以食物链是DECA。E的能量在传递给A的途径中,要使A获得的能量最少,需要确保:E在传递给B时用去的能量最多;E的总能量减去传递给B的后再传给C时效率最低;C在传递给A时效率最低。所以据此计算得A同化的总能量最少为:（8.1109-2.1510810%）10%10%=5.95107kJ。4.某一生态系统中,已知一只鹰增重2 kg 要吃10 kg小鸟,小鸟增重0.25 kg要吃2 kg昆虫,而昆虫增重100 kg要吃1 000 kg绿色植物。在此食物链中这只鹰对绿色植物的能量利

2、用百分率为 （）A.0.05% B. 0.25%C.0.5% D.0.025%【解析】选B。据该生态系统的能量传递效率可知,鹰增重1 kg需要小鸟5 kg,需要昆虫为（5/0.25）2=40（kg）,最终需要绿色植物400 kg,因此鹰对绿色植物的能量利用百分率为1/400=0.25%。【加固训练】下列有关生态系统能量流动的叙述,正确的是 （）A.兔子吃了1千克的草,则这1千克草中的能量就流入了兔子体内B.一只狼捕食了一只兔子,则这只兔子中约有10%20%的能量流入狼的体内C.生产者主要通过光合作用合成有机物,能量就从无机环境流入生物群落D.生态系统的能量是伴随物质而循环利用的兔子吃了1千克的

3、草,即摄入1千克草的能量,但摄入的能量并没有全部流入兔子体内,其粪便中的能量没有流入其体内,A错误;能量传递效率是指一个营养级中的能量只有10%20%被下一个营养级利用,每个营养级是以种群作为一个整体来研究的,不能以个体为单位来衡量,B错误;生产者主要通过光合作用合成有机物,能量就从无机环境流入生物群落,C正确;生态系统的物质可循环,能量不可循环,而是沿着食物链和食物网单向流动、逐级递减,D错误。二、非选择题（除特殊标注外,每空2分,共14分）5.利用生态系统中物质循环和能量流动的原理,走“可持续发展”道路是人类的必然选择。如图是某人工鱼塘生态系统能量流动图解（能量单位为:Jcm-2a-1）

4、请回答:（1）图中A代表_,为保证各营养级都有较高的输出量,随营养级的升高,输入的有机物应增多,原因是_。（2）该生态系统中生产者固定的总能量是_（3分）Ja-1,其中第一营养级到第二营养级的传递效率约为_（3分）。（3）由于某种因素使得生产者短时间内大量减少,一段时间后又恢复到原来水平,说明生态系统具有_能力,其基础为_调节机制。【解析】（1）每个营养级的能量共同的流向有两个:自身呼吸消耗、流向分解者。A代表的是生物呼吸作用散失的能量。营养级越高,生态系统自身为之提供的能量越少,需要外界输入的有机物就越多。（2）先算出肉食动物从植食动物那儿获得的能量:5.1+0.25+2.1+0.05-5=

5、2. 5 Ja-1;再算出植食动物从生产者那儿同化的能量:4+0.5+9+2.5-2=14 J最后算出生产者固定的能量为:14+23+70+3=110 Ja-1。第一营养级到第二营养级的能量传递效率为14/110100%12.7%。（3）生态系统具有的保持或恢复自身结构与功能相对稳定的能力,都属于生态系统的自我调节能力,其基础是负反馈调节。答案:（1）呼吸作用散失的能量能量流动逐级递减 （2）11012.7%（3）自我调节负反馈题型一 听力安徽真题剖析（2018安徽中考）.关键词语选择（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）你将听到五个句子。请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个你所听到的单词

6、或短语。每个句子读两遍。1A.look Bknock Ccook2A.dream Bcream Cteam3A.ticket Bpocket Cjacket4A.reach Bcatch Csearch5A.put up Bturn up Cpick up.短对话理解（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）你将听到十段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。每段对话读两遍。6Which animal does the woman want to see?7What will the woman probably use to eat noodles?8W

7、hat place does the woman want to find?9How will the man go to Beijing?10What does Peter usually do after school?11What does Dad want Julie to do?AForget the test.BGo to sleep.CStudy math.12Why is Marry worried these days?ABecause she has much work.BBecause she has lost some money.CBecause she is put

8、ting on weight.13What does Jessica think of the Chinese song?AThe music is nice.BThe words are great.CThe song is short.14Where does the conversation probably take place?AIn a bank.BIn a hotel.CIn a hospital.15How soon will the concert begin?AIn 10 minutes.BIn 20 minutes.CIn 30 minutes.长对话理解（共5小题；你将

9、听到两段对话，每段对话后有几个小题。听下面一段对话，回答第16至17小题。16What will Lisa do for her father?AMake a cake.BBuy a Tshirt.COrder some flowers.17What is the relationship between the speakers?ATeacher and student.BBrother and sister. CBoss and secretary.听下面一段对话，回答第18至20小题。18When did Lucy go to the old peoples home?ALast wee

10、kend.BLast month.CLast year.19What did Lucy and Laura take there?AMilk and books.BMilk and clothes.CBooks and clothes.20Who played erhu then?ALucy. BLaura. CGrandpa Li.短文理解（共5小题；你将听到一篇短文，短文后有五个小题。请根据短文内容，在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。短文读两遍。21Who is Tony living with?AHis classmates.BHis uncle.CHis parent

11、s.22What is Tony doing in Paris?ALearning the piano.BWorking in a company.CTraveling with friends.23How long has Tony studied there?AFor three months.BFor two months.CFor one month.24Why is Tonys family going to the town?ATo visit his teachers.BTo see his grandparents.CTo find his relatives.25What w

12、ill Tony do for his relatives?ACook a big dinner.BTake some photos.CPlay a piece of music.信息转换（共5小题；你将听到一篇短文。请根据短文内容，写出下面表格中所缺的单词，每空仅填一词。Our Summer CampWhenOn July 5th.WhereA 26. mountain village.WhoStay with the 27. .WhatIn the morning, well learn to 28. animals from the local people.In the afterno

13、on, well 29. along the river.In the evening, well enjoy the bright 30. .参考答案15 BCBAC610 CCAAB1115 BCACB1620 ABAAC2125 BAABC26small27.farmers28.feed29.walk30.moon【听力原文】.关键词语选择1Keep your attention, and nothing can knock you down.2If you work together as a team, youll be successful more easily.3Childre

14、n should make good use of their pocket money.4You can reach your goal with a strong will.5Would you please pick up the cap for the old man.短对话理解 6M: Shall we go to see the lion over there?W: No, Im afraid of it. Lets see the panda instead!7W: Do I have to eat noodles with chopsticks?M: You dont have

15、 to. Its fine to use a fork.8W: Excuse me. Where can I pay the bill? Its over there. Follow the sign please.9W: Hello, Discovery Travel Office! Can I help you? Yes, please. Id like to book an air ticket to Beijing.10M: Look! Peter is playing basketball on the playground. But he usually plays footbal

16、l after school.11M:s time to sleep, Julie. Dont you have a math test tomorrow? Oh, I really forgot it. Thanks, Dad.12M: Mary, why are you so worried? Im putting on weight these days.13M: Jessica, the music of the Chinese song is really nice. Thats why I like it so much.14M:m not feeling well with my

17、 stomach, doctor. Lie down, please. Let me have a check.15M: Are we late for the concert? No. Its 8：10 now. The concert will begin at 8：30.长对话理解 Hi, Lisa. Dads birthday is coming. Do you have any ideas?m going to make a cake for him. What about you?ll buy him a Tshirt. Sounds great! Mum has ordered

18、some flowers. Wonderful. Dad must be very glad. How was your last weekend, Lucy? Great! I went to the old peoples home near my school. Who did you go with? Laura. We took some milk and books there. What did you do for the old people? We read books to them. And then Grandpa Li played erhu for us. Tha

19、t must be fun. What else did you do? I helped clean the yard and Laura washed some clothes.短文理解 Tony is a fourteenyearold middle school student. He is now living with his uncle in Paris. He wants to learn the piano, so his parents sent him there. He has studied there for three months. Now, he is loo

20、king forward to next month. His family is going to the town to see his grandparents. They will have a big family dinner. Some relatives will be there. Tony doesnt see them very often. He will play a piece of piano music for them. His family will enjoy his playing and take some photos. So it must be

21、a special time for Tony and his family.信息转换 Good morning, boys and girls. Our summer camp is on July 5th. Well take a bus to a small mountain village. The air there is fresh. We will stay with the farmers and have many kinds of activities. In the morning, well learn to feed animals like chickens, pi

22、gs and crows from the local people. In the afternoon, well take a walk along the river. If you like, you can help pick fruits or vegetables. In the evening, well sit under big trees and enjoy the bright moon. Whats more, we can have a party. Im sure well have a great time.一、选择题（本大题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分）1

23、中国人民银行公布的全国银行间债券市场柜台业务管理办法首次允许符合条件的企业和个人通过银行柜台直接买卖债券。银行间债券市场向个人投资者打开大门（）旨在拓展银行筹集资金的空间拓宽了个人投资理财的渠道说明购买债券是收益最大的投资方式能有效地杜绝投资理财风险A BC D解析：选A。银行间债券市场向个人投资者打开大门有利于拓宽个人投资理财的渠道，拓展银行筹集资金的空间，正确且符合题意。说法错误，排除。2小李创业时获得银行60万元贷款支持，贷款期限为2年，贷款年利率为5%。期间，贷款到1年时，他提前还款10万元。不考虑其他因素，两年中小李需支付的贷款利息共为（）A56万元 B55万元C54万元 D53万元

24、 选B。两年中小李需支付的贷款利息是：605%1（6010）155万元。3如图所示，农户李先生通过网络信贷平台获得了急需的30万元贷款用于扩大生产规模。按照约定，红薯收获时李先生付了3 600斤红薯用于抵扣贷款利息。该商业模式中（）投资人作为股东有权参与李先生的经营活动，分享收益农户解决了融资难问题，又节约了农产品的营销成本网贷平台承担了债券买卖的特殊功能农户、投资人和网贷平台实现了多赢A BC D选C。在该商业模式中，农户解决了融资难问题，又节约了农产品的营销成本，农户、投资人和网贷平台实现了多赢，正确。投资人与李先生之间是一种借贷关系，不是股权关系，无权参与李先生的经营活动，不选；中的“债

25、券买卖”说法错误，网贷平台不能买卖债券。4“绝对高回报”“百分之百的高收益”在不少投资类广告资料上经常可见，这说明（）A该投资对象是非常值得购买的B投资收益的高低与投资的安全性无关C该广告具有欺骗性，因为投资收益越高风险也越高D该广告具有欺骗性，因为投资收益越高灵活性也越高投资存在风险，高收益往往伴随着高风险，该广告只强调了高收益，回避了风险性，所以具有一定欺骗性，C项正确。5自去年以来，我国股市出现“暴跌”，大量股民投资“灰飞烟灭”。股票投资的风险主要源于（）上市公司的经营状况 股票价格的波动股东不能要求公司退股 股票流动性较差A B股票投资的收入包括两部分：一部分是股息或红利收入，主要受公司经营状况的影响，若公司破产倒闭，股东则要赔本，这是购买股票的一种风险；股票投资的另一部分收入来自股票价格上升带来的差价，而股票价格的波动有很大的不确定性，这使股票投资者有可能遭受损失，符合题意；不符合题意；说法不科学。62017年3月10日，第一期和第二期储蓄国债开始发售。其中，3年期票面年利率为38%，5年期为417%。虽然票面年利率与去年末发行的国债利率持平，但依然有很多投资者抢购，很多银行营业网点在2个小时内就销售一空。这