高三英语阅读理解科普环保专项训练及答案及解析Word文件下载.docx

1、s （SI, or the metric system, as it is better known） developed from it and became the official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberia and the United States. Now the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris is set to give the metric system its biggest shake-up yet. At a meet

2、ing in Versailles, France, on November 16th, 2018, the worlds measurement bodies are almost certain to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seven base SI units, including the kilogram, will follow the other three, including the metre, in being redefined in terms of the values of physica

3、l constants （物理常数）.Each of the chosen constants has been measured incredibly precisely, which would mean that from May 20th 2019 the constants will themselves be fixed at their current values for ever. Any laboratory in the world will then be able to measure, for example, the mass of an object as pr

4、ecisely as the accuracy of their equipment will allow.（1）What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A.Pound went before libra in measurement.B.Different things used to be adopted as measures.C.Grains were accepted as measures by the Romans.D.Fixed measurement systems were gradually formed.（2）How does the

5、author develop the second paragraph?A.In time order.B.By analysis.C.In space order.D.By comparison.（3）Which of the following countries used SI as an official measurement?A.France.B.Liberia.C.America.D.Myanmar.（4）What will the worlds measurement bodies achieve at the meeting held in Versailles?A.They

6、 will come up with seven new SI units.B.They will set May 20th as a new international festival.C.They will redefine four SI units including the kilogram.D.They will decide on a new measure used in the laboratory.【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，法国凡尔赛宫举办的国际计量大会，将对目前使用的国际单位制中的四个基本单位进行重新定义，其中包括对千

7、克的重新定义。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“man has been the measure of many, if not all, things ”以及下文提到的用作计量单位的手、脚、谷物重量和参考角豆种子重量的磅可知，本段主要讲述了不同的东西被用作计量单位。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The kings foot .around a centimetre shorter than the Belgic foot”和“Greek, Egyptian and Babylonian versions of water in a fixed container vari

8、ed from one another by a few kilos,以及The lieue （former measure of distance）, for example, varied from just over 3 km in the north to nearly 6 km in the south”可推知，本段作者主要运用了对比的写作方法，把同一计量单位在不同国家之间或者在同一国家不同区域间的差异进行了说明。故选D。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“it was the French who in 1799 made it law和The Systs （SI, or the

9、 metric system, as it is better known）developed from it and became the official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberia and the United States ”可知，在所给出的四个国家中，只有法国采用国际单位制（SI）。国际单位制是现时世界上最普遍采用的标准度量衡单位系统，采用十进制进位系统。故选A。 （4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“At a meeting in Versailles, France, on November 16th,

10、 2018, the worlds measurement bodies are almost certain to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seven base SI units.will follow the other three.in being redefined in terms of the values of physical constants”可知，在法国凡尔赛宫召开的会议上，七个基本计量单位中的四个将被重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考

11、查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读理解 A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence（金属彩虹色） can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive anothe

12、r day. Those surprising results appear in the journal Scientific Reports. Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which its viewed, is favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies. And in our research group we are of course interested in why thi

13、s vivid metallic color is so widespread in nature. Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy. Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism（雌雄两性）, such as birds

14、 of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates. But iridesc

15、ence also shows up in situations where reproduction is not an issue. So what we are studying now is whether natural selection imposed by predation（捕食行为） could explain the occurrence of iridescence in prey animals. The idea that eyecatching colors could be used as a coverup isnt a new one. The father

16、 of camouflage theory, Abbott Thayer, really believed that iridescence should be categorized as a camouflage strategy. And he wrote in his famous lifework ConcealingColoration in the Animal Kingdom, already in 1909, that brilliantly changeable or metallic colors are among the strongest factors in an

17、 animals concealment. And this sounds like a completely unreasonable thing to say, because how can colors that are both brilliant and changeable contribute to animals concealment？In a similar way, we were asking whether iridescence, due to its changeability, could work as a form of camouflage by pre

18、venting shape recognition. Kjernsmo and her colleagues trained bumblebees to associate a particular shapea circle or an ovalwith a sugar reward. And they found that the bees, when given a choice, would preferentially visit the shape they knew to be sweet. But when the shapes were iridescent, the bee

19、s had trouble telling them apart. It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish. As for making use of this method for hiding in plain sight, Any practical applications is of cour

20、se directly linked to any industry that has an interest in camouflage, that is how to conceal objects or make them more difficult to recognize. The researchers are currently conducting experiments with birds, which often prey on iridescent insects to see if it helps to have a birdseye view.（1）Accord

21、ing to the passage, iridescence is not made use of by animals to _. A.live a little longer by escaping their predator（捕食者）B.catch the attention of their matesC.conceal themselves when in dangerD.catch sight of more colorful preys（2）From the study in the last paragraph, we can learn that _. Bees can

22、always tell the difference between a circle and an ovalBees are creatures that are fascinated by sweet things that are iridescentIf a circle, with a sugar reward, is iridescent, the bees may have difficulty finding itBees are likely to prefer circles to ovals, whether they are iridescent or not（3）Wh

23、at will be talked about in the following paragraph?Whether there are any differences between bees and birds.Some industries that have great interest in camouflage.Why birds are not effected by iridescent insects.Which camouflage theory applies more to birds.（4）Which of the following might serve as t

24、he best title of the passage?A famous camouflage strategyMetallic iridescent as the best disguiseColors unique to animalsShining colors as a sexual strategy【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disgui

25、se is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence（金属彩虹色） can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.”可知彩虹色被动物用来通过逃离捕食者而活得更久，排除A；根据第三段中的“Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display

26、strong sexual dimorphism（雌雄两性）, such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection.”在这里我想指出的是，在某些物种中，尤其是那些表现出强烈两性差异的物种，比如天堂鸟、孔雀，甚至在某些蝴蝶或鱼类中，彩虹色的出现很可能是由性别选择所驱动的。可知动物用彩虹色引起同伴的注意，排除B；根据倒数第二段中的“The idea that eyecatching colors

27、 could be used as a coverup isnt a new one.”引人注目的颜色可以用来伪装，这种想法并不新鲜，排除C，故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish.”似乎我们的目标上惊人的彩虹表面在视觉上打破了原本可以辨认的目标形状，这使得它们很难区分。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验，这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。由此推断接下来一段会谈论 为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选C。 （4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的“Well, s