高考短文改错专项练习之名词Word下载.docx

1、【典例4】Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.strangerstrangers。本题考查特定语境下名词复数的判定，难度较大。stranger是单数可数名词，“陌生人”，结合语境，“有时我们课堂上愉快交谈，但课后立即变成陌生人了。”这里指我和我的同学们，复数概念。重点二：不可数名词误用不可数名词误用主要有以下几种情况：1英语中不可数名词一般没有复数形式，不能直接与数词连用，前边也不能用a, an等不定冠词。【典例5】Without en

2、ough knowledges, you can never learn well.knowledgesknowledge。本题考查不可数名词表示泛指的用法。该句表示“没有足够的知识，你永远学不好。”这里knowledge泛指各种知识，属于常规用法。2一般说来抽象名词、物质名词为不可数名词，但当它们表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如： 抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）in surprise惊讶地a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功a success一个（件）成功的人（事）

3、win honor赢得荣誉an honor一件引以为荣的事by experience靠经验an experience一次经历youth青春a youth一个青年人with pleasure乐意a pleasure乐事have pity on sb.怜悯某人a pity可惜的事情抽象名词与a（an）连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.英语知识在国际贸易中是必须的。Would you like to have a walk with me?你愿意和我一起散步吗？

4、It is a waste of time reading such a novel.阅读这样的小说真是浪费时间。She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.因为自己的错误行为她向母亲道了歉。物质名词也是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发glass玻璃，a glass

5、一只玻璃杯【典例6】Oh, John. What pleasant surprise you gave us!pleasant前加a。本题考查抽象名词具体化的用法。surprise作“惊讶”讲，是不可数名词，但这里指具体的“惊讶的事情”，转化为可数名词，所以前边应用不定冠词a。3不可数名词的修饰语与可数名词的修饰语应严格区分。类别单词或短语只修饰不可数名词much, little, a little, a great deal of只修饰可数名词many, few, a few, a number of, a good many既修饰可数名词又修饰不可数名词some, a lot of, pl

6、enty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of, masses of【典例7】Theres so many traffic on the roads that driving is not a pleasure.manymuch。本题考查不可数名词的修饰语。traffic表示“交通流量”，是不可数名词，应用much修饰。many修饰可数名词复数形式。重点三：名词作定语及名词所有格的用法1名词作定语一般用单数，但goods, clothes, sales, sports等单词例外；boy, girl作定语只用单数，而man, woman作定语随

7、中心词单复数变化而变化。【典例8】These girls students want to be women doctors when they grow up.girlsgirl。本题考查名词复数形式及名词作定语。结合前边所讲，这里应用girl（单数形式）作定语。2在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下：单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s。the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所 若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加。the workers struggle工人的斗争

8、 凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系。the title of the song 歌的名字 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词。the barbers 理发店 the doctors 医务室如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示“共有”。Johns and Marys room（两间）John and Marys room（一间）【典例9】If the company wants to fire me, they have to give me three months notice. month

9、smonths。本题考查名词所有格的用法。three months notice指提前三个月通知。该句意为：如果公司想解雇我，他们必须提前三个月通知我。【典例10】This is Annes and Janes bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.AnnesAnne。本题考查并列名词所有格的用法。后半句表示两人共有一个房间，因此只能在后面的名词后加s。课堂笔记【好题调研】1. Please read the instruction carefully before using the medicine.2. Its such an impor

10、tant information that we should report it to the headmaster at once3. Are they going to have a picnic on Childrens Day?4. To my surprised, I found we have much in common in our taste.5. There are five shoes to choose from, but Im at a loss which to buy.6. The New York Times are read all over the Uni

11、ted States.7. The police is searching the city for a thief.8. During my stay in London I visited many places of interests.9. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English, and physics.10. I take a quick at some of the headline on the front page. 答案与解析：1. instructioninstructions。本题是不了

12、解名词的特殊用法而造成的错误。Instruction作产品的“说明”讲时，要用复数形式。2. 去掉冠词an。本题属不可数名词的使用错误。information是不可数名词，前边不能用不定冠词修饰。3. ChildrensChildrens。本题考查复数名词所有格的用法。children本身是复数名词，其所有格应加s，类似地，Womens Day, Teachers Day, Nurses Day等。4. surprisedsurprise。本题考查含有名词的习惯搭配。my是形容词性物主代词，后接名词。5. shoes前加pairs of。本题考查一些不可数名词和部分“成双”、“成套”的名词表示

13、数量的用法。类似短语，a pair of gloves, a piece of meat, a cup of coffee等。6. areis。本题考查专有名词作主语的用法。英语中表示地点、国家、书籍、报刊杂志等专有名词作主语，谓语动词都用单数形式。7. isare。本题考查集体名词作主语时主谓一致的用法。family, class, committee, government等集体名词强调成员，谓语用复数形式，强调整体，谓语用单数形式。police, people, cattle等名词作主语，谓语总是用复数形式。8. interestsinterest。a place of interest

14、意为“名胜点”，复数是places of interest。9. subjectsubjects。本题考查特定语境下名词复数的确定。quite a few意为“相当多”，修饰复数名词。10. headlineheadlines。本题考查特定语境下名词单复数形式的判断。类似one of, many of结构，后边的中心名词应用复数形式。【强化闯关】1. We practice three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.2. Carry your valuable with you, your mone

15、y, jewelry, camera and so on.3. The majority of doctors believes smoking is harmful to health.4. After one year hard work, the Senior Three students have already prepared themselves for the entrance examination. 5. Today I visited the Smithsmy first time visit to an American family.6. That is where

16、the main difference between animals and human being lies.7. She said she and my classmate all wished me success.8. Professor White gave me one of the best piece of advice Ive ever heard.9. If you have troubles falling asleep, some people suggest breathing slowly. 10. I asked several passer-by, but u

17、nfortunately none of them knew the difference.11. Remember that we will not always get so many time for our parent and other family members.12. I saw your wife and children waiting for me with warm smile of welcome on their faces.13. I told her not to use the office phone for personal call.14. Looki

18、ng back at my childhood experience, I think that three reason might explain the fear.15.Many new homes have been built in helping you to get round London. 1. matchmatches。本题是名词复数的使用错误。结合语境，通过电视所看比赛不止一场，复数概念。2. valuablevaluables。本题是因为不了解词的特殊意义而出错。此处valuable是名词，作“贵重物品”讲，应用复数形式。3. believesbelieve。本题是因为

19、不了解majority的用法造成主谓不一致。majority表示“大多数”，作主语，谓语用复数形式。4. yearyears。表示“时间”等名词此作定语时，常用其所有格形式。5. 去掉time。本题考查英汉差别造成的语义重复。英语中first本身已经包含“第一次”之意，因此后边的time是多余的。6. beingbeings。本题是名词数的使用错误。human being表示“人类”，是可数名词，此处与animals相对应，应用其复数形式。本句中the main difference作主语，单数形式。7. classmateclassmates。本题考查根据语境用复数的判断能力。结合常识一个学

20、生的classmate不止一个吧，其次，后边用all表示“都祝福我成功”也说明classmates应用复数形式。8. piecepieces。本题考查语境中必须用复数形式的场合。one of结构中心名词须用复数形式来表示“之一”。9. troublestrouble。本题考查常用句型中名词的用法。have trouble/difficulty in doing 是常用句型，其中trouble/difficulty都是不可数名词。10. passer-bypassers-by。本题考查根据语境用复数的判断能力以及复合名词复数的构成。several暗示后边用复数形式；passer-by属于复合名词

21、，这类词往往加在中心名词上，再如，brothers-in-law, standers-by, grown-ups。11. manymuch。many, a good many, a great number of等都表示“许多”概念，但只能修饰可数名词复数形式。12. smilesmiles。不止一个人的笑脸，因此应用复数形式。13. callcalls。本题为名词数的误用。call为可数名词，在此语境中须用复数；如用单数须加不定冠词a。14. reasonreasons。three后接复数名词。15.homeshouses。 home表示“有人类活动的家庭”，而house单纯指“供人居住的房

22、子”。课堂小结：实战演练Dear Ralph, Im a newcomer here of a small town. I would describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates,it seems always difficult for me to do things well as them. Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. Besides, I have few friends. I don

23、t know that they dont like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesnt seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do? Yours Xiao WeiLesson 1 1. of改为from 2. quietly改为qui

24、et 3. well前面加as4. to改为at 5. 对 6. that改为why7. talked改为talk 8. stranger改为strangers9. since改为but 10. 去掉aLesson 2 I often dream of a teacher. I dream of standing on theplatform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boysand girls. I teach them, play with them, but watch themgrowing up. I am always

25、young when I was staying with them. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. You have to learn in order to teach. Without enough knowledges, you could neverlearn well. What is more, you have to be friends with yourpupils and take good care of him. Only in this way can you be a good teacher and win

26、respect from them. Though I am a student now, I will work as very hard to make my dream come true. Lesson 21. of being becoming 2. give改为giving 3. but改为and 4. was 改为am 5. there改为it6. knowledges改为knowledge 7. learn改为teach 8. him 改为them 9. 正确 10. 去掉asHomeworkThoughgreatprogresshasbeenmadeinsciencetheseyears,there arestillmanypeoplelivingpoorconditions.Theymaketheirlivesbycollectingandsellingusedthing.TheirchildrencannotgotoSchool becausetheydont haveenoughmoneysendthere.Whyyouthinksosufferfrompovertynow?Theanswerliesonthepopulati