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199905语法笔记Word格式文档下载.docx

1、D主句完整,后面while引导的从句也完整,现在只要找出when引导的从句的主谓语即可,即D。 A无主语;B主谓语均无;C无谓语,且that造成语句混乱。当外部做功或者系统做功时,系统内部能量变化,热能会被吸收或者释放。4. 4. Metheods of measuring mass, time ,and distance are _ of human culture.(A) among the oldest skills(B) they are among the oldest skills(C) what among the oldest skills(D) the skills that

2、 among the oldest浏览全句看到缺表语,并且空格后是一个of结构,of 前一定是名词,浏览四个选项,只有A符合,介词结构可以做表语并且最后是名词。其他选项B是一个完整的句子,没有引导词,谓语与本句谓语冲突;C, D都是从句形式但从句中都无谓语。测量质量、时间和距离的方法是人类文化中最古老的技能。5. 5. _ they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.(A) Why(B) Although(C) Even(D) Ne

3、verthelessB第一个逗号后面明显是完整的主句,空格后面是一个完整的句子,预示着空格中很可能是一个从句引导词,C, D均不能引导从句,A又不符合题意。答案B引导让步状语从句。虽然有时候会单独出游,海豚通常是聚集成一大群,总是数以百计。6. 6. _ plays an important in commercial art , illustrating advertisements, textbooks,brochures, and articles in magazines and periodicals.(A) Drawing and(B) Because drawing(C) Dra

4、wing, which(D) DrawingD审题,缺单数的主语只有D符合。在广告艺术、图片广告、教科书、宣传册和杂志期刊的文章中,图画有着很重要的作用。7. 7. Goldfinches build compact _ nests, which they line with soft vegetable down.(A) shaped like a cup(B) cup-shaped(C) cup shapes(D) shape of a cupB这里所缺的成分应该是用来修饰名词nests的,A, C, D后面都是名词无法和名词nests衔接, C形容词符合要求。金翅雀建造结构严密的杯状巢穴

5、,在其底部它们放置柔软的植物。8. 8. Louisa May Alcott published her first book, Flower Fables _ of fairy tales, in 1854.(A) which a collection(B) a collection was(C) a collection(D) in which a collectionCA, D从句中都无谓语; B谓语与句中谓语冲突;C正确,做同位语。Louisa May Alcott 1854年出版了她的第一本书,花之传奇是一部神话故事的文集。9. 9. _ understanding of weath

6、er and its variability, it has been difficult to prove that weather can be controlled(A) Since incomplete(B) Because of incomplete(C) Incomplete(D) Why is incomplete逗号后面是完整的主句,A中since引导的从句中无谓语;C不是独立成份,逗号前面部分缺少和后面主句进行连接的连词成分或者介词;D, 语序不正确;B原因状语,空格后面的名词词组做介词宾语,符合要求。因为对于天气及其变化性的了解不够完全,证明天气可控一直是件困难的事情。10

7、. 10. Franklin Roosevelts New Deal Program included _ designed to provide relief and counteract the effects of the economic depression that had begun in 1929.(A) measures were temporary(B) in temporary measures(C) temporary and measures(D) temporary measures空格中应是宾语,选项中只有D名词短语做宾语,符合要求。A were 和include

8、谓语重叠;B include是及物动词,不用加in;C temporary 和 measures一个是形容词一个是名词不是并列成分不能用and连接。富兰克林罗斯福的新政包括专为缓解和抵制1929年开始的经济萧条带来的影响而设计的临时政策。11. 11. Current health guidelines recommend that people restrict their consumption_.(A) foods of high in fat(B) of foods in fat high(C) of foods high in fat(D) in foods high of fat先

9、排除A, D; B, C中只有B语序对。现行的健康指导推荐人们控制对那些高脂肪食品的消费。12. 12. Walt Whitman originated a distinctive form of free verse that sets his work apart from_ of all other poets.(A) what(B) that(C) how(D) it先排除A, C因为后面应该跟从句,而这里是介词短语;D it 后面不能接of短语; B that指代form.Walt Whitman创造了他三篇散文一种突出的风格,使得他的作品显得异于其他诗人。13. 13. _ eco

10、nomic change by investigating the fluctuations in the relationship between workers wages and their buying power.(A) Economists gauging(B) Economists gauge how(C) Economists gauge(D) Whenever economists gauge这是一个简单句,句中缺主语和谓语,答案很明显。经济学家通过调查工人薪水和他们的购买能力之间关系的波动来衡量经济变动。14. 14. Although the many hours of

11、summer sunshine in Canadas Klondike region produce good vegetable crops, the long winters rarely permit _.(A) grain crops ripen(B) grain crops are ripe(C) the ripening of grain crops(D) to ripen grain crops这里考的是permit的用法,permit是及物动词,要末直接接宾语,要末permit sb to do。A后面跟 名词+过去分词 没有这种用法,肯定不对;B 谓语冲突;D这里没有sb,

12、后面直接加不定式也没有这种用法;只有B名词词组做宾语符合要求。虽然加拿大Klondike地区夏天的长时间日照使其盛产优良的蔬菜作物,但其漫长的冬季却很少能让谷物成熟。15. 15. Tools , a workshop, and some storage space were _ for early experiments in aviation.(A) required all that(B) all that was required(C) all the requirements that(D) such that all the requirementsA be required是被动

13、式和整句的逻辑、语义不符B all做主句表语,that引导定语从句C that定语从句后面主谓不完整,不能构成从句D such在这里是形容词后面工具,一个作坊,一些储存空间就是早期的航空试验所需要的所有条件。16. 16. A major railroad junction in Illinois, Decatur has became an important commercial A Bhub for the regions farm products and livestock. C DA 改正:became becomeDecatur 是Illinos的一个主要铁路中转站,它成为了该地

14、区农产品和畜产品重要的交易中心。17. 17. People use muscles to make various movements, such as walk, jumping, or throwing. A B C DC 并列成份应该一致。walk walking人们用肌肉去做各种运动,比如走、跳、投等。18. 18. Emily Dickinson unmistakenly fixed her own highly individually and revolutionary personality in her elliptical and provocative poems.B

15、与上题一样,这道题考得也是并列结构,and前后的成分都是修饰名词personality的,所以应该用形容词形式。individually individualEmily Dickinson非常正确地将她自己高度个性化和革命性的人格融入她简约而激动人心的诗当中。 19. 19. The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones of difference size and shapes.名词前面的定语,可以是形容词也可以是名词,当有形容词的时候就不用其名词形式。difference different人的骨骼由206块大小形状不同的骨头组成。20. 20. O

16、ne of earliest strike in United States history occurred in 1740 when bakersrefused to A B Cwork until their wages were increased. Done of +noun pl. 在托福语法中是经常会考到的,大家应该养成这样的习惯,看到one of就一定要找到后面的名词,看看是否是复数形式。strike strikes美国历史上最早的一次罢工在1740年发生,那时候面包师们拒绝工作直到提高他们的薪水。21. 21. Count Basies distinctive piano s

17、tyle and band arrangements of the late 1930s earned A Bhis an important place in jazz history.这里是做earn的宾语,用宾格his him二十世纪30年代晚期Count Basie具有特色的钢琴风格和乐队安排,为他赢得了爵士历史上重要的地位。22. 22. The wide range of elevations in the southern Appalachian Mountains allows forthe great diverse of plant life foundthere.of前后

18、都应该是名词,一些固定的特殊用法除外。而且在这里,做for的宾语也应该是名词。diverse diversitythe southern Appalachian Mountains的海拔的范围很宽使得那里的植物种类繁多。23. 23. Four huge shield volcanoes have been observed on Mars, aswell as a great number of A B small ones like found those on the Earth.D 语序问题也是TOEFL语法常考的项目,这里those 指代volcanoes做介词like的宾语,fou

19、nd做它的补语found those those found 在火星发现了四个巨大的盾形火山,还有大量的同地球上发现的小火山相似的火山。24. 24. The 1897 discover of gold in the Klondike hastened the commercial development of Washington State, as did the increasing trade with Pacific Islands.of前面应该用名词。discover discovery1897年在Klondike发现了黄金,加速了华盛顿州的商业发展和太平洋诸岛的贸易增长。25.

20、25. The Saint Lawrence River is young relatively by geological standards, as itwas foundedA B C D during the last ice age.又是一个语序问题。young relatively relatively young从地质标准来看Saint Lawrence河是相对年轻的,因为它是在上个冰河纪中形成的。26. 26. With the ability produce and control fire, early humanscouldmake heat and light and

21、could cook foods that were difficult to eat raw.with短语中不可能有动词出现,所以A肯定是错的。ability后面+to do表示目的produce to produce早期的人类具有制造和控制火的能力,能够制造热和光,烹煮那些不能生吃的食品。27. 27. Only the female and the worker wasps are equipped with asting, which theyuse it to A B Cattack their prey or to protect themselves against enemie

22、s.which 引导的定于从句中,which 在句中是做成份的,做主语或者宾语。这里是做宾语,所以it在这里多余。去掉it只有雌性黄蜂和工蜂有针刺,用来攻击它们的猎物或者保护它们免受敌人攻击。28. 28. Compared with another breeds, can start more quickly, turn more sharply, and run faster over shortcourses.other后面跟名词复数,another后面跟名词单数,是TOEFL语法中常考的。another other和其他品种相比,quarter horses能更快速地启动,转弯更敏捷,

23、在短距离内跑得更快。29. 29. Stars emit radio waves, which they may be detected andstudied using radio telescopes.定语从句中which在句中充当主语或者宾语。这里从句是被动语态不可能有宾语,所以which应该充当的是主语,那末they多余。which they which星体发射无线电波,这些电波可以通过无线电望远镜观测和研究。30. 30. A glider is a type of aircraft resembling an airplane butoften having not means o

24、f propulsion at all.means是名词应该用形容词来修饰。TOEFL语法中经常会考到no, not, none的用法。No是形容词性;not是副词;none是代词。但是当名词前面有限定词时经常用 not, 并且no能表示not+限定词的含义。not no 滑翔机是一种类似飞机但是通常根本没有推进设备的飞行器。31. 31. A patrilineal extended family consists of core group ofmales, their wives,and their unmarried daughters.group是可数名词,应该有冠词修饰后用复数形式

25、,这里未划线所以应加冠词。of core-of a core一个父系的家族,包括男性核心成员,他们的妻子及其未婚女儿。32. 32. Herons inhabit marshy areas of the shores along fresh or waterwhich theyfind fishes, frogs, crustaceans, and other aquatic animals to eat.从句中主语与宾语都齐全,就可以断定前面的不是关系代词而是关系副词。which where(in which)苍鹭生活在水域或者滩涂等潮湿地带的岸边,它们能够在那里捕食鱼类、蛙类、牡蛎及其他水生动物。33. 33. A computer program that communicates with the user solely by choices providing from interlinked menus is said to be menu-driven.choice和provide之间是动宾关系,语序颠倒。choices providing-providing choices和用户之间的交流仅仅通过选择既定的联结起来的菜单,这种计算机程序称为菜单驱动的。34. 34. In the

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