高三英语动词不定式Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语） I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语） Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语） He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语） 在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。There are still many things to take care of （to be taken c

2、are of）.但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.（ We have nothing to do now.） There is nothing to be done now.（We can do nothing now.） （2）时态1） 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.2） 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

3、Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3） 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.4） 完成进行时： She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years. 疑问词不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如:When to

4、leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主语）Mr. Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there. （做宾语）I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. （做间接宾语）The question was where to get the medicine needed. （做表语）以上例句中疑问词不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。When we shall leavehow I could learn 经常在这种结构中使用的动

5、词有：consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, learn, observe, understand, wonder等。 动词不定式的语法功能一、作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：（1）把不定式置于句首。 To get there by bike will take us half an hour.（2）用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。Itbe名词to do 如Its our duty to take good care of the o

6、ld. It takes sb+some time+to do如How long did it take you to finish the work?Itbe形容词for sbto do 如It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour. Itbe形容词of sbto do如It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. It seems（appears）形容词to do It seemed impossi

7、ble to save money. 在句型中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is形容词to do句式 ，如：Its kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme wit

8、h my English. （3）举例1） Its easy （for me） to do that.easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enoughIts so nice to hear your voice.s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.2） Its very k

9、ind of him to help us.Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate,silly,selfish例句:It was silly of us to believe him./It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.注意：1） 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型2） 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。3） 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型（对）T

10、o see is to believe.百闻不如一见。（错）It is to believe to see.二、作宾语1） 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语 afford （付得起），agree（同意），aim（力求做到）, appear（显得），arrange（安排），ask（要求），attempt （试图），care（想要），choose（决定），claim（声称），condescend（屈尊），consent（准许），decide（决定），demand（要求），determine（决心），endeavor（竭力），expect（期待），fail（未履行），help（帮助），hesitate

11、（犹豫），hope（希望），learn（学会），manage（设法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主动提出），plan（计划），prepare（准备），pretend（假装），proceed（接着做），promise（答应），prove（证明），refuse（拒绝），resolve（解决），seem（觉得好像），swear（发誓），tend（往往会），threaten（预示），undertake（承诺），volunteer（自愿做），vow（发誓），want（想要），wish（希望） pretend举例：The driver failed to see the other car in

12、 time./I happen to know the answer to your question.2） 动词+疑问词+ 不定式decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which

13、to buy.注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice.3）当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语动词it补语to do句式。We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. /I find it difficult to learn English well.三、作补语 1） 动词+宾

14、语+不定式（to do）adviseallowappointbelievecausechallengecommandcompelconsiderdeclaredriveenableencouragefindforbidforceguesshireimagineimpelinduceinforminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequireselectsendstatesupposetellthinktraintrustunderstandurgewarn例句：a.Father will not a

15、llow us to play on the street./b.We believe him to be guilty.Find 的特殊用法：Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。I found him lying on the ground. / I found it important to learn. I found that to learn English is important.典型例题:The next morning she found the man _ in bed，

16、dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying2） to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare（声称）,discover, fancy（设想）,feelfind,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see（理解）, show,suppose,take（以为）,understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。典型例题Charles Bab

17、bage is generally considered_ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented3） to be +形容词Seem,appear,be said,be supposed,be believed,be thought,be known,be reported,hope, wish,desire,want,plan,expect, mean.The book is believed to be uninteresting.4）there be+不定式belie

18、ve, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstandWe didnt expect there to be so many people there.有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher.Mary took him as her father .四、作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。To be kind to the enemy is t

19、o be cruel to the people. My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例）。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例）时，或以what引导的名词性分句（例），不定式说明主语的内容。Our work is serving the people. W

20、hat he likes is taking a walk after supper. The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting. 句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Serving thepeople is our work,而句中是现在分词作 表语，说明主语的性质、状态，现在分词具有形容词的各种特征，另外，动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来。五、作状语1）目的状语To only to （仅仅为了）,in order to,so as to,so（such） as to （如此以便）He ran so fast as to catch the fi

21、rst bus.I come here only to say good-bye to you.2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry. He searched the room only to find nothing.3）表原因 Im glad to see you.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sitB. sit onC. be seatD. be sat on六、作定语不定式作定语 不定式在句

22、中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。The next train to arrive is from Washington. Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?Do you have anything to say on the question?Would you please give me some paper to write on?My wish to visit France has come true at last. 不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：（1）表示将来的动作（例）。（2）与被修饰词之间有动宾

23、关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例）。（3）与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态（例）；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态（例）。（4）不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句，例to arrive=that will arrive。 省to 的动词不定式1） 情态动词may, must, need ,can（ 除ought 外，ought to）：2） 实意动词 let, have, make：实意动词中get除外（get sb. to sth.）3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, noti

24、ce , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.4）表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather，had better，might（just） as well：rather than置于句首时。Rather than ride on a crowded bus

25、,he always prefers to ride a bike.5）Why / why not：6）help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to） do sth：7）but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。8）由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：9）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：He is supposed （to be） nice.10）but作介词，后接不定式结构时，前面谓语动词部分若含有do的形式时，but

26、后的不定式要省去to，否则要带to。He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.11）不定式做表语时，一般要带to，但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时，符号to可省去。Weve missed the last bus.All we could do now is walk home.1） - I usually go there by train.- Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try goingB.trying t

27、o goC.to try and goD.try going2）Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning 动词不定式的否定式典型例题1）Tell him _ the window.A. to shut notB. not to shutC. to not shut D. not shut2）She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to seeB. not seeingC. to not see D.havin

28、g not seen3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driverC. never drivingD. never drive4） The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _.A. not toB. not to doC. not do itD. do not to 5） The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat noB. eating notC. no