电气工程专业英语翻译1Word文件下载.docx

1、 This was a DC system consisting of a steam-engine-driven DC generator supplying power to 59 customers within an area roughly 1.5 km in radius. The load, which consisted entirely of incandescent lamps, was supplied at 110 V through an underground cable system. 这是一个半径直流系统组成的一个蒸汽发动机驱动的直流发电机面积约1.5公里至59

2、供电范围内的客户。负载，其中包括完全的白炽灯，为V提供110通过地下电缆系统。 Within a few years similar systems were in operation in most large cities throughout the world. With the development of motors by Frank Sprague in 1884, motor loads were added to such systems. This was the beginning of what would develop into one of the larges

3、t industries in the world. In spite of the initial widespread use of DC systems, they were almost completely superseded by AC systems. By 1886, the limitations of DC systems were becoming increasingly apparent. They could deliver power only a short distance from generators. 在一个类似的系统在大多数大城市在世界各地运行数年。

4、随着马达的弗兰克斯普拉格发展在1884年，电机负载被添加到这些系统。这是什么开始发展成为世界上最大的产业之一。在最初的直流系统广泛使用尽管如此，他们几乎完全被空调系统所取代。到1886年，直流系统的局限性也日益明显。他们可以提供功率只有很短的距离从发电机。To keep transmission power losses （ I 2 R ） and voltage drops to acceptable levels, voltage levels had to be high for long-distance power transmission. Such high voltages w

5、ere not acceptable for generation and consumption of power; therefore, a convenient means for voltage transformation became a necessity. 为了保持发射功率损失（我2 R）和电压下降到可接受的水平，电压等级，必须长途输电高。如此高的电压不发电和电力消耗可以接受的，因此，电压转换成为一个方便的手段的必要性。The development of the transformer and AC transmission by L. Gaulard and JD Gibb

6、s of Paris, France, led to AC electric power systems. 在发展的变压器，法国和交流输电由L.巴黎戈拉尔和JD吉布斯导致交流电力系统。 In 1889, the first AC transmission line in North America was put into operation in Oregon between Willamette Falls and Portland. 1889年，第一次在北美交流传输线将在俄勒冈州波特兰之间威拉梅特大瀑布和实施。It was a single-phase line transmitting

7、 power at 4,000 V over a distance of 21 km. With the development of polyphase systems by Nikola Tesla, the AC system became even more attractive. By 1888, Tesla held several patents on AC motors, generators, transformers, and transmission systems. Westinghouse bought the patents to these early inven

8、tions, and they formed the basis of the present-day AC systems.这是一个单相线路传输功率为4,000公里，超过21 V系统的距离。随着交流的发展多相系统由尼古拉特斯拉，成为更具吸引力的。通过1888年，特斯拉举行交流多项专利电动机，发电机，变压器和输电系统。西屋公司购买了这些早期的发明专利，并形成了系统的基础，现在的交流。In the 1890s, there was considerable controversy over whether the electric utility industry should be stand

9、ardized on DC or AC. By the turn of the century, the AC system had won out over the DC system for the following reasons: 在19世纪90年代，有很大的争议或交流电力行业是否应该统一于直流。到了世纪之交的，在交流系统赢得了原因出在下面的直流系统为：（1）Voltage levels can be easily transformed in AC systems, thus providing the flexibility for use of different voltag

10、es for generation, transmission, and consumption. （1）电压水平可以很容易地改变了空调系统，从而提供了传输的灵活性，发电用不同的电压和消费。（2）AC generators are much simpler than DC generators. （2）交流发电机简单得多比直流发电机。（3）AC motors are much simpler and cheaper than DC motors. （三）交流电机和电机便宜简单得多，比直流。The first three-phase line in North America went into

11、 operation in 1893a 2,300 V, 12 km line in southern California. 前三个阶段的美国北线投产于1893年- 1 2300五，南加州12公里路线研究。 In the early period of AC power transmission, frequency was not standardized. 在电力传输初期交流，频率不规范。 Many different frequencies were in use: 25, 50, 60, 125, and 133 Hz. 有许多不同频率的使用：25，50，60，125，和133赫兹。

12、 This poses a problem for interconnection. Eventually 60 Hz was adopted as standard in North America, although 50 Hz was used in many other countries. 这对互连的问题。最后60赫兹标准获得通过，成为美国在北美，虽然是50赫兹在许多其他国家使用。The increasing need for transmitting large amounts of power over longer distance created an incentive t

13、o use progressively high voltage levels. To avoid the proliferation of an unlimited number of voltages, the industry has standardized voltage levels. In USA, the standards are 115, 138, 161, and 230 kV for the high voltage （HV） class, and 345, 500 and 765 kV for the extra-high voltage （EHV） class. I

14、n China, the voltage levels in use are 10, 35, 110 for HV class, and 220, 330 （only in Northwest China） and 500 kV for EHV class . 较长的距离越来越需要大量的电力传输多激励他们逐步使用高压的水平。为了避免电压增殖数量无限，业界标准电压水平。在美国，标准是115，138， 161，和230千伏的高电压（高压）类，345，500和765千伏级的特高电压（超高压）。在中国，各级使用电压为10，35，110级高压， 220，中国330（仅在西北）和500千伏超高压类。The

15、 first 750 kVtransmission line will be built in the near future in Northwest China. 第一个750 kVtransmission线将建在不久的将来在中国西北地区。With the development of the AC/DC converting equipment, high voltage DC （HVDC） transmission systems have become more attractive and economical in special situations. 随着交流的发展/直流转换

16、设备，高压直流高压直流（HVDC）传输系统已经成为更具吸引力的经济和情况特殊。 The HVDC transmission can be used for transmission of large blocks of power over long distance, and providing an asynchronous link between systems where AC interconnection would be impractical because of system stability consideration or because nominal freque

17、ncies of the systems are different. 在高压直流输电可用于输电块以上的大长途电话，并提供不同系统间的异步连接在AC联网系统将是不切实际的，因为稳定考虑，或因标称频率的系统。The basic requirement to a power system is to provide an uninterrupted energy supply to customers with acceptable voltages and frequency. 基本要求到电源系统是提供一个不间断的能源供应，以客户可接受的电压和频率。 Because electricity ca

18、n not be massively stored under a simple and economic way, the production and consumption of electricity must be done simultaneously. A fault or misoperation in any stages of a power system may possibly result in interruption of electricity supply to the customers. 由于电力无法大量储存在一个简单的方法和经济，电力的生产和消费必须同时

19、进行。系统的故障或误操作的权力在任何阶段可能导致电力供应中断给客户。 Therefore, a normal continuous operation of the power system to provide a reliable power supply to the customers is of paramount importance. 因此，一个正常的电力系统连续运行的，提供可靠的电力供应给客户的重要性是至关重要的。翻译Power system stability may be broadly defined as the property of a power system t

20、hat enables it to remain in a state of operating equilibrium under normal operating conditions and to regain an acceptable state of equilibrium after being subjected to a disturbance. 电力系统稳定，可广泛定义为干扰财产的权力系统，可继续经营的状态下正常运行的平衡条件和后向遭受恢复一个可以接受的平衡状态。Instability in a power system may be manifested in many

21、different ways depending on the system configuration and operating mode. 在电力系统的不稳定可能会表现在经营方式和多种不同的方式取决于系统配置。Traditionally, the stability problem has been one of maintaining synchronous operation. Since power systems rely on synchronous machines for generation of electrical power, a necessary conditi

22、on for satisfactory system operation is that all synchronous machines remain in synchronism or, colloquially in step. This aspect of stability is influenced by the dynamics of generator rotor angles and power-angle relationships, and then referred to rotor angle stability . 传统上，稳定性问题一直是一个保持同步运行。由于电力

23、系统的发电电力，一个令人满意的系统运行的必要条件是，依靠同步电机同步电机都留在同步或通俗的“步骤”。这一方面是受稳定的发电机转子的动态角度和功角的关系，然后提到“转子角稳定”。Section 2 Components of Power Systems 第2节电力系统的组成部分 Modern power systems are usually large-scale, geographically distributed, and with hundreds to thousands of generators operating in parallel and synchronously. 现

24、代电力系统通常规模大，地域分布，并与数百名，并同步在数以千计的发电机并联运行。 They may vary in size and structure from one to another, but they all have the same basic characteristics: 他们可能会有所不同的规模和结构从一个到另一个，但它们都具有相同的基本特征：（1）Are comprised of three-phase AC systems operating essentially at constant voltage. （1）是由三个三相交流电压恒定系统经营本质上。 Genera

25、tion and transmission facilities use three-phase equipment . 发电和输电设施使用三个阶段的设备。Industrial loads are invariablythree-phase; single-phase residential and commercial loads are distributed equally among the phases so as to effectively form a balanced three-phase system. 工业负荷总是三相，单相负载的住宅和商业之间平等分配的阶段，从而有效地

26、形成一个平衡的三相系统。（2）Use synchronous machines for generation of electricity. （2）使用电力同步一代机器。 Prime movers convert the primary energy （fossil, nuclear, and hydraulic） to mechanical energy that is, in turn, converted to electrical energy by synchronous generators. 牵引车转换的一次能源（化石，核能和水力）为机械能就是反过来，中，转换为电能的同步发电机。

27、 （3）Transmit power over significant distances to consumers spread over a wide area. This requires a transmission system comprising subsystems operating at different voltage levels. （3）重大的距离发射功率超过的面积分布在一个广大消费者。这就要求传输系统的子系统组成的经营水平在不同的电压。The basic elements of a modern power system in USA are shown in F

28、ig.6-1. Electric power is produced at generating stations （GS） and transmitted to consumers through a complex network of individual components, including transmission lines, transformers, and switching devices. 系统在美国一个现代化强国的基本要素是：1显示在图6 -。电功率）产生于发电厂（GS和传播给消费者通过一个复杂网络的各个组成部分，包括输电线路，变压器和开关设备。It is com

29、mon practice to classify the transmission network into the following subsystems: Transmission system; Subtransmission system; Distribution system. 它通常的做法是分类 传输网络分为以下子系统：传输系统; Subtransmission制度;分配制度。Fig.6-1 图6 - 1 Basic elements of a power system 电力系统的基本要素1 The transmission system interconnects all m

30、ajor generating stations and main load centers in the system. 该传输系统互连所有主要发电厂在系统中心和主要负载。 It forms the backbone of the integrated power system and operates at the highest voltage levels （typically, 230 kV and above in USA）. 它形成了系统的骨干力量的整合和经营水平在最高电压（通常为230千伏及以上美国）。 The generator voltages are usually in the range of 11 to 35 kV. 发电机的电压范围通常在11至35千伏。 These are stepped up to the transmission voltage level, and p