微小生物的避风港汇总Word文件下载.docx

1、Without additional protections, elephants will undoubtedly disappear from large swaths of their ranges. Which means a huge community of invertebrates might be severely restricted in their ability to move across the landscapewith ecosystem consequences we can only guess at.Thanks for listening for Sc

2、ientific American 60-Second Science Science. I这里是科学美国人60秒科学。我是杰森古德曼。想象一下没有大象的世界。我们不仅会失去世界上最有魅力、最独特的物种。同时，也会失去由生态系统工程师组成的网络，因为大象对其它生物的存在是至关重要的。大象在粪便中散播种子。从字面上理解，大象在踩踏树木和灌木丛时，可以在森林中开创道路，这样它们就创造了一个更为复杂的景观。现在我们知道它们的脚印也是非常重要的。“我们当时正在穿越基巴莱国家公园，然后我们偶然发现了积满水的大象脚印。”沃尔夫拉姆雷默斯是德国科布伦茨兰道大学的生态学家。“我们观察了一下这些脚印，然后我们很

3、快就注意到脚印里面不仅仅有积水，还有许多小动物生活在里面。雷斯斯和他的同事发现，大象脚印是龙虱等水生无脊椎动物的重要栖息地。研究小组对乌干达国家公园中不同地方出现的30个大象脚印进行了研究，他们想知道有哪些生物把这个独特的栖息地当作了家。他们总共发现了27个分类中的61种生物。然后研究人员制造了18个人工脚印，想看看这些脚印被寄居生物占领的速度会有多快。龙虱在第一天就出现了。5天后，410个无脊椎动物占领了这些脚印。该研究结果发表在非洲生态学期刊上。“如果将这些脚印比喻为大森林中的小岛，让我惊讶的是，这些小动物们找到这些小岛并占领那里的速度是如此之快，然后它们会将这些小岛作为栖息地，在那里找寻

4、食物、生殖繁衍并生存。在某些地方，大象脚印只是不流动的小池塘，这意味着这些昆虫要依靠厚皮动物生存下去。但是因为这点刚刚被发现，所以目前还没有人真正了解这种动物栖息地的重要性。“我们还不确定在其他地区，它们对大象脚印的依赖性有多强，或者说如果这些脚印完全消失，或者数量减少的话，会发生什么事。没有额外的保护措施，大象必将大面积消失。这就意味着，一大群无脊椎动物也许会因为自身能力所限，不能大面积移动，我们也只能猜测这是大象脚印对生态系统的一些影响。谢谢大家收听科学美国人60秒科学。重点讲解：1. stumble upon 意外发现；偶然看见；例句：I stumble upon the rare bo

5、ok in a second-hand bookstore.我在一家旧书店偶然找到这本珍贵的书。2. in all 总共；合计；In all some 15 million people live in the selected areas.总共有大概1,500万人住在所选定的区域内。3. show up 出现；露面；I promise you that he will show up.我向你保证他肯定会来的。4. depend on 依靠；依赖；You may depend on the accuracy of the report.你可以信赖报告的准确性。JUDY WOODRUFF: An

6、other big seat is filled in the Trump Cabinet-to-be, and it sets up a potential confirmation fight.The president-elects transition team confirmed this morning that a top oil executive is the choice for secretary of state.After days of speculation, official word of the Rex Tillerson pick came before

7、sunrise, followed by praise from the vice president-elect.MIKE PENCE （R）, Vice President-Elect: We just could not be more grateful that someone of Rex Tillersons proven leadership and accomplishments has been willing to step forward to serve our nation as our next secretary of state. Tillerson, a na

8、tive Texan, is currently CEO of oil giant Exxon Mobil, among the worlds largest publicly traded companies. He rose through the ranks over four decades, and, as chief executive, hes expanded Exxon Mobils business overseas, including its operations in Russia.In a 2013 interview with Charlie rose for C

9、BS News, Tillerson made clear his company will go wherever theres oil.REX TILLERSON, CEO, Exxon Mobil: My philosophy is to make money. And so if I can drill and make money, then thats what I want to do. But it really is for us, its about making quality investments for our shareholders.特朗普的国务卿提名可能会引起

10、新的纷争 To that end, Exxon Mobil began working closely with the Russian state-owned oil giant Rosneft. That, in turn, brought Tillerson into close contact with Russian President Vladimir Putin.Since then, hes received the Russian Order of Friendship, and hes said he opposes U.S. and European sanctions

11、against Russia over its intervention in Ukraine.Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell today highlighted Tillersons experience, and said he looks forward to supporting his nomination. But the top Democrat on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Ben Cardin, said he is deeply troubled by Tillersons

12、 vocal opposition to sanctions on Russia, and Republican Senator Marco Rubio voiced serious concerns about the planned nomination.Theres also word that another Texan, former Governor Rick Perry, could be tapped to be energy secretary. But the transition at Energy could be rocky. The department said

13、today that it will not provide the names of employees whove worked on climate change, as the Trump transition team requested.There are also reports that Montana Congressman Ryan Zinke could be tapped for interior secretary.Meanwhile, President Obama criticized Mr. Trumps lack of interest in receivin

14、g a daily intelligence briefing. He spoke last night on The Daily Show.PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: It doesnt matter how smart you are. You have to have the best information possible to make the best decisions possible. And if youre not getting their perspective, their detailed perspective, then you are

15、flying blind. Back at Trump Tower today, the president-elect met with Microsoft billionaire Bill Gates.BILL GATES: We had a good conversation about innovation. Others he met with, pro football greats Jim Brown and Ray Lewis and entertainer Kanye West.Tonight, Mr. Trump is making the latest stop on w

16、hat hes calling his thank you tour, this time in Wisconsin.The government of Venezuela has seized nearly 4 million childrens toys from a toy distributor. It will give the toys to children for free or at discounted prices in time for Christmas. The government says the distributor was unfairly chargin

17、g high prices for the toys, which meant only the richest people could buy them. Venezuela has one of the highest rates of inflation in the world. This is the rate at which prices go up. The IMF says the rate could be as much as 2,000 per cent in 2017. Many Venezuelans cant afford to buy non-essentia

18、l items like toys. Even a jar of Nutella can cost half the monthly minimum salary. In the past few months, Venezuela has also ordered price cuts on clothes.breaking.jpgIn total, the government seized 3,821,926 toys from two warehouses. It tweeted: Our children are sacred. We will not let anyone rob

19、them at Christmas. Boys and girls of this country will have a happy Christmas. The government said the toy distributor was keeping the toys out of the shops to reduce their supply and so increase prices. The government also accused the company of buying them with dollars it got at very low rates sev

20、eral years ago and now wanted to sell the toys at much higher prices. The toy distributor has said it has done nothing wrong and was not trying to sell the toys at high prices to make huge profits. It said many of the toys were out of fashion.1.seize vt.& vi.抓住；逮捕；捉拿Police were reported to have seiz

21、ed all copies of this mornings edition of the newspaper.据说警方已经将该报纸今天的早间版全部没收。2.unfairly adv.不公平地，不公正地；不正当地The press invade peoples privacy unfairly and unjustifiably every day.新闻媒体每天都在不公正地且没有正当理由地侵犯人们的隐私。3.minimum adj.最低的；最小的Many of Britains beaches fail to meet minimum standards of cleanliness.英国许多

22、海滩连最起码的卫生标准都达不倒。4.rob vt.抢劫；抢夺，掠夺They rob us, they infringe our rights, they kill us.他们劫掠我们，侵犯我们的权利，对我们实施杀戮。5.distributor n.批发公司，批发商You can get the book through your local distributor.你可以通过当地经销商买到这本书。1.It will give the toys to children for free or at discounted prices in time for Christmas.in time f

23、or赶得上She managed to make herself presentable in time for work.她想方设法让自己在工作时间穿得更像样。2.Many Venezuelans cant afford to buy non-essential items like toys.afford to（买）得起（某物）They could not afford to spoil those maps by careless colouring.若是上色的时候不小心弄坏了那些地图，他们可承担不起。3.In total, the government seized 3,821,926

24、 toys from two warehouses.in total总计，合计I was with my husband for eight years in total.我和丈夫在一起的时间总共有8年。4.It said many of the toys were out of fashion.out of fashion不流行；不兴Marriage seems to be going out of fashion.婚姻似乎快要过时了。委内瑞拉政府从一个玩具批发商那里没收了近400万件儿童玩具。这些玩具将在圣诞节前免费赠送给孩子或者打折出售。政府表示，这家批发商出售玩具的价格过高，只有富人才

25、买得起。委内瑞拉拥有全世界最高的通胀率，也就是物价上涨率。IMF表示，到2017年，委内瑞拉的通胀率将高达2000%。许多委内瑞拉人买不起玩具等非必需品。一罐巧克力酱都要花掉半个月的最低薪资。过去几个月，委内瑞拉还下令下调服装价格。政府总共从两个仓库没收了3,821,926件玩具。政府发表推文称：“我们的孩子是神圣的。我们不会让任何人在圣诞节抢劫他们。这个国家的男孩女孩们都将度过一个快乐的圣诞节。”政府表示，玩具批发商一直给商场断供，减少供应量，囤积居奇来提高价格。政府还指控该公司以几年前低汇率购入的美元来购买这些玩具，然后以高得多的价格来出售。该玩具批发商辩解称，他们没有做错任何事，并没有试图高价出售这些玩具来牟取暴利。该公司称，许多玩具已经过时了。Iran Air Signs $16 Bill