GRE GMAT作文评分器 Erater guide文档格式.docx

1、 words and phrases that the E-rater recognizes. Take plenty of timed practice tests on a computer. Our sample essays on the site are designed for you to take practice essays and be evaluated. Do not procrastinate AWA preparation. Students tend to put off the AWA until it is too late and then they ca

2、nnot adequately prepare. The new E-rater will grade your test along with a human grader. If they disagree, it will be sent to a third human grader. Thus, if you do not write your essay in the proper format for the Erater it could lead to a lower score. Throughout the guidebook we have tips on the E-

3、rater and a section exclusively about the E-rater. The AWA consists of two 30-minute sections, the Analysis of Issue essay and the Analysis of Argument essay. You will receive a grade from 1 to 6, which will be sent with your GMAT scores. The guide is divided into these sections: Chapter 1: Introduc

4、tion （this page） Chapter 2: Analysis of Issue Chapter 3: Analysis of Argument Chapter 4: About the E-rater Chapter 5: Improving Your Writing Chapter 6: Getting the Real Essay Questions Chapter 2: Analysis of Issue In the Analysis of Issue question you discuss your opinion toward an issue. You write

5、a wellbalanced analysis of the issue the test presents to you. These are the most common topics: Governments role in ensuring the welfare of its citizens Culture and social mores, attitudes, values Management/organizational structure/behavior Business: advertising and marketing labor and employment

6、issue Business-its overall role and objectives in society s regulatory responsibilities. Here is an example of an Analysis of Issue question: Following the Colorado massacre of schoolchildren, many lawmakers have proposed that an international body regulate the internet so that sites which provide i

7、nformation to terrorists should be eliminated. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the above opinion. Support your opinion with reasons and examples. The people who grade the Analysis of Issue for the GMAT expect the following:i） A well-developed essay that is logical and coherent

8、;ii） An essay that demonstrates critical thinking skills;iii） An essay which uses varied sentence structure and vocabulary;iv） An essay that uses the language of standard written English;v） An essay that is free of mechanical errors in spelling, punctuation, capitalization;and vi） An essay that foll

9、ows the conventions of standard written English. Analysis of Issue: Content How do I write a well-balanced essay? You should always acknowledge both sides of an issue. Among the sample essays there is not one irrefutable essay, yet you must pick a side. The trick to doing this is to persuade the rea

10、der that, despite the counter-arguments, your position is the strongest one overall. Try to straddle the fence between both sides of the issue by making limited use of qualifiers. This will allow you to acknowledge the opposing view and appear scholarly. （Note that overuse of qualifiers will make th

11、e essay appear too vague and dilute an argument you are making.） In general, take a politically correct opinion or an opinion that a majority of top scorers might take. However, if you do not think you can write an effective politically-correct essay, adjust your content to fit what you can comforta

12、bly express. In general, though, stay uncontroversial and balanced. Do not use it as a forum to be an ideologue. Writing a highly charged essay might evoke a bias from the reader （if he disagrees with you） and it also may confuse the E-rater, since you essay will not resemble any essays it has store

13、d in its database. Try to approach each issue in a dispassionate and balanced manner. Nevertheless, you must be sure to take a stand. You must pick a side that will win out in the conclusion/introduction. The test instructions specifically tell you to pick a side. Make sure to disagree or agree with

14、 the questions statement. How in-depth should the essays be? Your essay is short （you have only 30 minutes）, so you wont be able to cover every possible argument, rebuttal and example. When you start the test set aside a few minutes to set up the points and examples. You do not have to cover every i

15、dea/concept. Most GMAT students do not have time to cover everything they would like to cover. Choose the most persuasive relevant points and examples to use. The GMAT graders do not expect you to go in-depth on every topic. The most important concern here is that you do not go off of the main subje

16、ct. Stay focused on the topic. Do not either go off on tangential arguments or excessively focus on one example. Where should I get examples? The instructions （with only a few exceptions） allow you to draw upon your personal experiences in developing your answer to each essay question. This practice

17、 is acceptable, but dont overdo it. You should generally rely more on academic knowledge than personal experiences. Your examples and knowledge can be impressive, but you shouldnt go too far. Dont try to impress the grader with you expertise in a narrow area. The AWA tests analytical writing, not sp

18、ecific subject knowledge. Where do I get essay issue ideas? The topics in the Analysis of Issue section are commonly addressed in policy-oriented magazines. Wall Street Journal editorial page Forbes The Economist The New Republic Slate International Students:Read these American magazines as much as

19、possible to see how Americans structure their writing and to stay updated on issues. Write with your grader in mind When you write your Issue essay, remember that you are fundamentally writing your essay to please your grader. ETS essay graders will typically be under-employed academics. The irony i

20、s that B-school candidates, with hopes of multiple 6-figure salary offers, come from an entirely different worldview. Dont ramble in a self-righteous manner. The graders will too easily dismiss you as another arrogant MBA candidate. Keep it concise Put yourself in the position of a grader. They grad

21、e essays all day. Wouldnt you favor a concise and effective essay with 5 paragraphs of 4 sentences each more than a 4 paragraph rambling essay with 10 sentences in each paragraph? The bottom line: keep the essays crisp, concise, and written in a manner appealing to the grader. This is particularly i

22、mportant on the Analysis of Issue question, where you essay expresses personal opinions. Structure Structure is the most important part of your essay. Your essay must be written in a standard format with the standard logical transitions. The E-rater will scan your essay to identify if it has a stand

23、ard structure. Introduction/Conclusion These elements will provide the structure for your essay and keep you on track. Number of Paragraphs. To satisfy the E-rater, your essay should be 4 to 5 paragraphs: an introduction, a conclusion, and three body paragraphs. Each paragraph should have 2 to 5 sen

24、tences （total essay about 300-400 words）. Note: You should skip a line between paragraphs since the TAB key does not function in the essay section. Essay Template The template is just a guideline. You do not have to adhere to it. Often you will have to make changes to suit your argument. The numbers

25、 of sentences indicated for each paragraph is a guideline that varies depending on how much content you have. The transitional phrases we use in the Template are intentionally simplistic. This is not a simple approach where you can fill-in-the-blanks. Flesh out the template somewhat and use it as a

26、guideline to write a disciplined and focused essay. Template 1） Introductory Paragraph （2-4 sentences） Make sure to keep your introductory paragraph concise, strong and effective. What the introductory paragraph should accomplish: Explain the issue （briefly）. Show that you understand the full comple

27、xities of the issue （for example, by recognizing competing interests or various factors）. State your position on the issue （without the details yet）. Sample template for introductory paragraph （2 sentences）: a） Whether _ depends on _. b） （Insert your opinion）, _. 2） First Body Paragraph （3-5 sentenc

28、es） Begin to develop your position with your most important reason. Use one or two examples to back up your main point: a） The chief reason for my view is _. b） For example, _. c） Moreover, _. d） Finally, _. 3） Second Body Paragraph Expand your position with a secondary reason. Support your rationale further with at least one example. State your second reason （one only）. Provide rationale and/or evidence to support it. Heres a sample template for the second body paragraph that accomplishes these objectives: a） Another reason for my view is_. b） Specifically,_. c） The r