1、whom是who的宾格,对宾语提问,但在口语中who可以代替whom。Li Ming did.李明打破的。Who is that woman?(对表语提问)那个女人是谁?She is my mother.她是我妈妈。(关系)或者:She is Rose.她是罗思。(姓名)Who is +人?是询问某人的姓名或与人关系的问句。与What is +人?(问人的职业)不同。Whose is this umbrella?这伞是谁的?This umbrella is my sisters.这伞是我姐姐的。whose之后如果没有名词时,表示“谁的(东西)”。Which引导的特殊疑问句此类疑问句可以对主语和
2、宾语提问。Which is Toms?(对主语提问)哪个是汤姆的?This is his.这是他的。Which does he want?(对宾语提问)他想要哪一个?He wants the green one.他想要那个绿色的。疑问词what,who,which在句中作主语时,语序是陈述句语序。2疑问形容词的用法what,which,whose后面跟上名词时,这三个疑问词起形容词作用。What sports do you like?你喜欢什么运动?I like basketball.我喜欢篮球。Whose pens are these?这些是谁的钢笔?They are Li Mings.这些
3、是李明的。Whose father died two years ago?两年前谁的父亲死了?Which picture did you take?哪一张照片是你拍的?I took the one on the right.右边的那一张是我拍的。3疑问副词的用法句型:疑问副词+一般疑问句的语序?(疑问副词在句中作状语,所以它们不可能对主语提问)1.when引导的疑问句:询问时间When were you born?你何时出生?(I was born)on June 5,1962.我是1962年6月5日出生的。when引起的疑问句,都可用简略式回答,只回答出时间就可以了。When will yo
4、u go to Japan?你什么时候去日本?(Ill go there)next year.我明年去那儿。when问的是具体时间,所以不能和完成时连用。()When have you been here?()How long have you been here?你呆在这里有多久了?()When did you come here?你什么时候来这里的?2.where引导的疑问句:询问地点、场所Where do you live?你住在哪儿?(I live in)Beijing.(可以简略回答出地点)我住在北京。Where are you going?你准备去什么地方?I am going t
5、o Japan.我准备去日本。3.why引导的疑问句:询问原因它的回答只能用because引导的原因状语从句。Why are you late?你为什么迟到?Because I met the accident.因为我遇上车祸了。Why didnt you see the movie?=Why did you not see the movie?你为什么不去看那部电影?Because I had seen it before.因为我已经看过了。4.how引导的疑问句:可分为两类a. How?how可单独地置于疑问句的句首。询问如何地做某事即做某事的方法、手段及健康、天气How do you g
6、o to school?(问方式)I go to school by bus.我坐公共汽车。How are you?(问健康)你身体怎样?Im fine. Thank you!我很好。谢谢你。How is the weather today?(问天气)今天天气如何?s cloudy.今天多云。表示方式、方法、手段的介词1by :表示交通工具,用哪一种方式by bus 搭公车by train 搭火车by bike 骑自行车by air =by plane 乘飞机by sea =by ship 乘船此时,名词前不加冠词。2with :表示工具、器官with a pen 用笔with a penci
7、l 用铅笔with my mouth 用我的嘴with my eyes 用我的眼睛How did you eat ? 你怎样吃的?I eat with a spoon . 我用勺吃。此时的名词前要加冠词或代词。3in :表示方法I say in English .我用英语说。其他:in ink 用墨水How?How are you ?How do you do ?你好吗?How about ?= How about ?如何?How do you like?=What do you think of ?你觉得怎样?How +形容词(副词)?询问年龄、身高、数量、次数、距离How many 多少(
8、可数名词)How many sisters do you have?How much 多少(不可数名词)How much is the book?How old 多大 (岁数) How old are you?How tall 多高 (人,树) How tall is that tree?How long 多少时间 (多久)How long will you stay here? 多长 (长度) How long is the rope?How often 多久(频率)How often do you visit here?How soon 多块(时间) How soon will he be
9、 back?How far 多远(距离)How far is it from A to B?How high 多高 (山) How high is Mt.Fujin?富士山有多高?2.代词定义:代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。考点直击】1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法;2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法;3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法;4 常见不定代词的一般用法;5. 指示代词的一般用法,并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;6. 相互代词的基本用法;7. 疑问代词的基本用法。8. 关系代词的基本用法。I人称代词表示“我”、“你”、
10、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词,叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:数单数复数格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称YouyouHeHimThem第三人称SheHeritIt1.人称代词的一般用法:He is my friend.他是我的朋友。s me. 是我。My dog likes him.我的狗喜欢他。(1)作主语(用主格)I like table tennis. 我喜欢打乒乓球。He is a student. 他是个学生。(2)作表语(用主格,口语中常用宾格)Who is there?s me(I). 是谁啊?是我。(3)作宾语(用宾格)D
11、o you know him? 你认识他吗?Come with me. 跟我来。I(我)无论放在句首、句中或句尾,都要大写。2 特殊用法的人称代词It will rain tomorrow. 明天会下雨。They speak English in the country. 在那个国家,人们说英语。人称的习惯顺序:(1)如果有几个不同的人称同时作主语,且用and,or连接时,习惯顺序是:单数:you,he,and I复数:we,you,and they但是,如果是做错事,承担责任时,有时,说话的人把I(我)放在第一位。-Who broke the Window?谁打碎了玻璃?-I and Li
12、Ming. 我和李明.(2)we,you,they的特殊用法we,you,they有时并非指特定的人,译时不必译出“我们”、“你们”、“他们”。We had a heavy rain last week. 上周下了场大雨。You dont see many foreigners here.这儿,人们见不到许多外国人。They speak English in Canada.在加拿大,人们说英语。3.物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人称和数的变化见下表。1. 物主代词的用法This is my father. 这是我父
13、亲。Is that bike yours?Yes,its mine.那辆自行车是你的吗?是的,那是我的。(1)形容词性物主代词是形容词作用在句中只能作定语,换句话说,形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。(2)名词性物主代词可作主语Our school is here,and theirs is there.我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。(3)名词性物主代词可作表语Whose bike is this?s hers.(=her bike)这是谁的自行车?是她的。Is that car yours?那辆车是你的吗?是的,它是我的。(4)名词性
14、物主代词可作宾语Lets clean their room first and ours(=our room)later.咱们先打扫他们的房间,然后再打扫我们的。I have lost my dictionary. Please lend me yours.我的字典丢了,请把你的借我好吗?a friend of mine 的用法a(an,this,that,some,no)等+名词+of+名词性所有格。按此句型“我的朋友之一”应译为a friend(名词)of mine(名词性所有格)。A friend of ours is coming soon.我们的一个朋友马上就来。That watch
15、 of hers is beautiful.她的表很漂亮。(暗示她有许多表)注意:冠词a(an,the)和this,that,some等词后不能加所有格。4. 指示代词表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。this(复数形式是these),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较近的人或物。that(复数形式是those),是指在时间上或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。1指示代词的基本用法(在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语)This is my doll. That is Marys。这是我的洋娃娃,那是玛丽的。(1
16、)作主语That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。(2)作表语What I want is that(this).我想要的是那(这)个。(3)作宾语You like this but I like that.你喜欢这个,而我喜欢那个。(4)作定语What is the use of those books?那些书有什么用处呢?2 指示代词的特殊用法The history of China is as interesting as that of America.中国的历史和美国的历史一样有趣。(1)为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词。但是this,thes
17、e不可代替。EG:The weather of Kunming is better than that(=the weather)of Beijing.The radios made in Shanghai are as good as those(=the radios)made in Tianjing.上海生产的收音机和天津生产的一样好。(2)this,that有时可代替句子或句中的一部分。He was ill. Thats why he didnt come.(that作主语,代替He was ill.)他病了,那就是他没来的原因。He broke the window,and that
18、 cost him 10dollars.他打破了窗玻璃,那(打破玻璃这件事)要花费他10美元。(3 )this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。例如: Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?5. 不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,one,ones,either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词(如:anybody,so
19、mething,no one)。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some,any,no,every+thing,-body,-one构成的复合不定代同(如somebody等)只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。(这些词作定语时,有些语法书称之为形容词)下面我们把一些主要的不定代词用法归纳如下:1 one的用法(1)one(一个),可以指人,也可以指物。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。one(主语)should not praise oneself(宾语).一个人不应炫耀自己。(one作主语和宾语)If one wants to v
20、isit the city,one must find ones own guide.如要参观这个城市,得自己找向导。(2)one,ones(one的复数形式)可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词,以避免重复。Do you have a car?Yes,I have one.你有一辆小汽车吗?是的,我有一辆。I like small cars better than large ones.我喜欢小汽车,不喜欢大汽车。(3)one的前面可用this,that,the,which等词修饰。Eg:There are three pens,which one is yours,this one or tha
21、t one or the one in the pencil-box?(4)a+形容词+one这一形式,经常见到或使用。I have an old bike,but he has a new one.我有辆旧自行车,他有辆新的。own后面不用oneYour shoes dont fit me,Id better wear my own.我穿你的鞋不合适,我最好还是穿我自己的。比较it和one的比较it用来指特定的东西(the+名词);而one则用于替代不特定的东西(a,an+名词)You have a pen,can I use it(=the pen)?你有一支钢笔,我可以用它(这支钢笔)吗
22、?(特指)Do you have a pen?Yes,I have one(=a pen).你有钢笔吗?是的,我有一支。(泛指)2 some,any的用法I have some money in my pocket,but it is not enough.Do you have any?我口袋里有一些钱,但不够,你有钱吗?(1)some,any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中,any一般用于否定旬、疑问句和条件句中。I have some science books. 我有一些科技书。There is some ink in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些
23、墨水。I havent any money.(=I have no money.)我一分钱都没有了,你有(钱吗)?notany =noany在否定句、问句中不须译出来。You can ask me if you have any questions.(2)some,any与-thing,-body,-one构成的合成词的用法与some,any一样。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事告诉你。I dont know anything about it .(I know nothing about it .)关于这件事,我什么都不知道。Anyb
24、ody can do it. 任何人都可以做这件事。something,anything,nothing三者跟形容词时,形容词要放在它们的后面。(3) 在疑问句中,一般不用some,只有当问句表示一种邀请或请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。Will you have some tea?你喝茶吗?(表邀请)Did somebody call me this morning?今天上午有人给我打电话吧?(表可能已约好)(4)在否定句中,some表示半否定,any表示全否定。t know some of you.我只认识你们中的一些人。(我不会认识你们)t know any of you.你
25、们,我一个也不认识。(5)some用于单数可数名词前时,表示“某个”,而不是“一些”。This morning some boy asked for you.今天上午,有个男孩要求见你。There must be some reason for what hes done.他干这些事,肯定有某种原因。比较:Is there anything to eat?有什么吃的吗?(不知有没有,只是问一问)Is there something to eat?有一些吃的吧?(希望,而且断定会有)few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别(1)含义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词a
26、 few虽少,但有几个few不多,几乎没有用于不可数名词a little,虽少,但有一点little不多,没有什么(2)other, the other, another, others, the others的区别用 法法代名词形容词不定another另一个others别人,其他人another (boy)另一个(男孩)other (boys)其他男孩特定the otherthe others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一个男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩1)other可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是“其他的、别的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one.2)other也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“the other”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ., the other
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