虚拟语气的用法.docx

1、虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法。1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could, might等代替should, would。1)表示与现在事实相反:If I were you, I should stay at home. If the peasants could farm the land themselves, food production would b

2、e much higher. If fewer cash crops were grown, more food could be produced and there would be less or no starvation.2)表示与过去事实相反:If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. If the hurricane had happened during the daytime, there would have been many deaths.3)表示与将来事实相反:If you came tomorrow, we

3、would have the meeting. If it were to/should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. If it should rain, the crops would be saved.4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如:If you had followed the doctors advice, you would be quite all right now. (从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在.)5)以上句型可以转换成下列形式:从句省

4、略if,用倒装句式were, had, should+主语。例如:Were I in school again, I would work harder. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。例如:Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help.2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句1

5、)wish+宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为可惜、就好了、悔不该、但愿等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿望,用would(could)+动词原形;表示过去不能实现的愿望,用had+过去分词或(could)would + have + 过去分词。例如:I wish we could go to the seaside today. I wish you told me earlier. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.2)虚拟语气在动词arrange, command, demand, de

6、sire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest 等后面的宾语从句中,用(should)+动词原形。例如:I suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. They demanded that the black people should be treated as well as white people.注意:insist作力言、强调解时,宾语从句不

7、用虚拟语气。只有当insist作坚持(应该)解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语气。例如:Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. I insisted that you give me my money back.3.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句做advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request 等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构(should)+动词原形。例如:We all agreed to his suggestion that we

8、(should)go to Beijing for sightseeing. My idea is that he (should) do exercises first.4.虚拟语气用于以as if(as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用had+过去分词;表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用would(might, could )+动词原形。例如:He looked at me as if I were mad. He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied

9、 English in England.It looks as if it might rain.但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如:It looks as if our side is going to win.5.虚拟语气用于主语从句在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用should+动词原形的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。例如:It is necessary (important, natural, desirable, advisable, strange, etc.) that we s

10、hould clean the room every day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless. It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.在上述三种主语从句中,should意为应该、竟然,可以省去,但不可换用would。主句所用动词的时态不限。注意:这种从句表示的是事实。如

11、果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇,就可用虚拟语气。反之,如果不表示惊奇,that从句也可用陈述语气。例如:It is strange that he did not come yesterday. It is a pity that you cant swim.Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气(一) - Used in “if” clause 语气(Mood)分三种:直陈语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气. 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议。 “if” 引导的条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。 1. 真实条件句所表示的假设 1)

12、 不随时间而改变的自然法则和客观真理 2) 可能发生或实现的：if后面的从句用一般现在时，主句用祈使语气或情态动词. 2. 非真实条件句所表示的假设是不可能发生或不大可能实现的：时态共分两种情况。 If引导的从句 主句 A.与现在事实相反 If+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式一律用were） 主语+would+动词原形 B.与将来事实相反 If+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式一律用were） 主语+would+动词原形C.与过去事实相反 If +主语+ had+动词过去分词 主语+would+have+过去分词 Exercises: 1. 与现在或将来相反 If you you would w

13、ere Chairman Hu were Bush could choose a place for your house won a lottery of 5 million your child were addicted to computer games came across a blackout in a lift 2. 与过去相反 Write conditionals based on the following facts. 1) She didnt take the medicine, so she felt carsick. 2) Because the sun was i

14、n the right direction, the photos came out very well. 3) The shop didnt pack the goods properly, so they got damaged. 4) The government raised taxes, so they were very unpopular. 5) He wasnt able to answer all the questions, so he didnt pass the examination. 6) He didnt pass the examination, so he d

15、idnt go to the university. 7) We didnt get there on time, so we found the doors locked in our faces. 8) She didnt see Curse of the Golden Flower, so she didnt understand what I said. 3. Multiple choices 1. What will we do if it _ tomorrow? A. snow B. would snow C. snows D. will snow 2. You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice. A. may not make B. might not make C. wouldnt have made D. might have made 3. _ to see the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. If he gone C. If he has gone D. If he had gone