英语语法大攻克时态综合复习Word文档格式.docx

1、writingwaitingrunningbeginninglying （二） 现在进行时的用法1 说话时正在进行的动作 现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件。往往与now, at the moment, just等副词连用，以示强调：Someones knocking at the door. Can you answer it ?有人敲门，你去开一下好吗？What are you doing ? I m just tying up my shoe-laces.你在干什么？我在系鞋带。Hes working at the moment ,so he cant come to the te

2、lephone.他现在在工作，所以不能来接电话。现在进行着的动作皆被视为未完成的动作：He s talking to his girlfriend on the phone.他正在和他的女朋友通电话。可用still 一词强调动作的持续性Hes still talking to his girlfriend on the phone.他仍在和他的女朋友通话。2 暂时情况 现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况，或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的状况。Whats your daughter doing these days ? Shes studying English at Durha

3、m University.你女儿现在在干什么？ 她在达勒姆大学学习英语。这种情况不一定在说话时发生：Dont take that ladder away. Your fathers using it .别把梯子拿起，你父亲在用哩。（即不一定现在在用。）Shes at her best when shes making big decisions.当做出最大决定时，她处于最佳状态。暂时发生的事情也可以是在说话时正在进行着：The river is flowing very fast after last nights rain.昨夜下过雨后，河水流速很快。现在进行时也用来表示当前的动向：Peop

4、le are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days .如今人们对吸烟较为难以忍受了。3 事先计划好的动作：指将来现在进行时可表示为将来安排好的活动和事件；除在上下文中意思清楚者外，通常需要一个表示时间的状语：Were spending next winter in Australia.我们将要在澳大利亚度过明年冬天。用arrive ,come, go ,leave 等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常有“将到达”和“将离去”的意思。Hes arriving tomorrow morning on the 13.27 train.明天早上他将

5、乘13时27分的火车到达。用现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作时，可用状语和上下文使语义不致含混：Look ! The trains leaving.看！火车开了。（即火车实际上正在开动）4 重复的动作副词 always, constantly ,continually ,forever ,perpetually ,repeatedly 等等可与进行时连用，表示不断重复的动作：Shes always helping people .他经常帮助别人。某些状态动词带有always 等次也可用进行时：Im always hearing strange stories about him .我常听说关

6、于他的一些怪事。当现在进行时表示某事发生的次数过多时，则有时含有抱怨的意思：Our burglar alarm is forever going off for no reason.我们的防盗警报器不知怎么常常失灵。一般现在时和现在进行时的区别：1 一般现在时和现在进行时常用来解说当时发生的事件，特别是在电台和电视广播中。在这种情况下，一般现在时常用来表示说话时刚完成的快速动作，现在进行时则常用来描述持续时间较长的动作：MacFee passes to Franklyn, Franklyn makes a quick pass to Booth . Booth is away with the

7、 ball ,but he s losing his advantage.麦克菲把球传给富兰克林，富兰克林快传给布恩，布恩带球跑开，但他处境不利。2 在师范和使用说明中使用一般现在时：一般现在时的这种用法是祈使语气的另一种表示方式。它说明每一步应该怎样做：First you boil some water .Then you warm the teapot .Then you add three teaspoons of tea .Next ,you pour on boiling water.你先烧些开水，然后把茶壶烫热，接着放三勺茶叶，随后冲入开水3 内容简介用一般现在时：Kate Fox

8、s novel is an historical romance set in London in the 1880s. The action takes place over a period of 30 years 凯特.福克斯的小说是一部以1880年的伦敦为背景的历史传奇。情节的跨度有30年4 报刊标题、图片文字说明等用一般现在时和现在进行时：这种一般现在时通常以表示过去发生的事件：FREAK SNOW STOPS TRAFFIC 反常的大雪使交通断绝一般将来时 一般将来时由助动词shall/will加动词原形构成。shall（用于第一人称，will用于任何人称。表示将来某个时间要发生的

9、动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间连用。如：tomorrow, next week等。但在表示准备、计划、打算做某事时，常用be going to加动词原形的结构。 Were going to see Uncle Wang tomorrow.1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What

10、are you going to do tomorrow?b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to

11、不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。一般过去时 一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，表示过去发生的动作或状态。过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化。 一般过去时的构成：a. be动词过去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not （wasnt）/were not （werent）。一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。b.实义动词过去式的句式。肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。They had a good time yesterday.否定式：主语+did not（didnt）+动词原形+其它。They didn

12、t watch TV last night.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主语+did.否定回答：No，主语+didnt.Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes，they did. / No，they didn特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？What time did you finish your homework?一般过去时的用法：一般过去时的基本用法a）表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。He suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天他突然生病了。The engin

13、e stopped because the fuel was used up.发动机因燃料用光而停机了。b）表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。I wrote home once a week at college.我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。注：表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去时外，还可以用used to或would来表示。She used to study late into the night when she was in Seni

14、or Three.她上高三时经常学习到深夜。He would sit for hours doing nothing.过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。c）表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。The students go up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air.学生

15、们很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。d）在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作。We would not leave until the teacher came back.老师回来我们才会离开。She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话，她就不去了。一般过去时的特殊用法a）在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。Its time we went.该是我们走的时候了。I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年轻20岁。I would rather yo

16、u didnt do anything for the time being.我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。b）在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。I wondered if you could give me a hand.我想请你帮个忙。Might I come and see you tonight?我想今晚来看你，好吗？一般过去时的时间状语表示一般过去时的时间状语有：a moment ago（刚才），yesterday morning，last night/ week，the day before yesterday（前天），just now（刚才）等。动词一般过去式的构成a.规则

17、动词过去式的变化可速记为直、去、双、改四字诀。一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。wanted，played。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed。hoped，lived。重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。stopped。以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。studied，worried。规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后t，元浊d，t d之后读Id。清辅音p k f s F 等后，ed要读t。worked，finished。元音或浊辅音b g v z m等后，ed要读d。lived，called。t或d后，ed读Id。started，needed。

18、b.不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。be动词过去式有两种形式，主语是第一、三人称单数形式使用was，其他人称用were。注意事项：A） 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。B） used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didnt u

19、sed to do, didnt use to do都对。Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示过去常常或过去曾经，要求加动词原形；后者表示习惯于，要求加名词或动名词。现在完成时表示到说话时刻为止已经做或尚未做过的动作。常用already, yet, so far, by now, since two days ago, for a few days 等词语作状语。give, see, come, arrive, leave（离开），begin, start, finish, join, become, borrow, lend,

20、die, end 等点时间动词可以用于完成时，但在肯定句中不能与表示一段时的 since和for 短语连用，因为点时间动词不能延续，而在否定句中可以与表示一段时间的for短语连用，因为否定的点时间动词可以看作是一种可延续的状态。Mike has come for a year.（ ）Mike has been here for a year（ ）Mike hasnt come for a year.（）过去完成时表示截止到过去某一时刻或在过去的动作之前（过去的过去）已经做或尚未做的动作。By （=up to ）last weekend we hadnt got any information.

21、When he appeared, we had waited for 30 minutes.现在完成时考点考点一：考查基本概念例 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know考点二：考查时间状语例1. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still例2. Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a

22、moment ago例3. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written例4.Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better例5. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two y

23、ears . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying例6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别例1. These farmers have been to the United States .

24、Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone 例2._ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; have finished . will ; finish考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法例1. His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . w

25、as in . has been in例2.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made例3.How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived例4. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began例5. His unc

26、le died two years ago .（改变句子，句意不变）His uncle has _ _ for two years 例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .例7. It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was简析：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替

27、代形式如下：closebe closed, put onwear , openbe open get upbe up, finish/endbe over , losebe lost , marrybe married（to）, fall asleep/ go to sleep be asleep （ sleep ） , get to know know come/arrivebe here/in , come/get backbe back , go/leave-be away , become be , borrow keep , buyhave , begin/startbe on , diebe dead , joinbe in/be a ember of , catch a cold have a cold等，考点五：考查词组have/has been in / to与have/has gone