M3U2 课案Word文件下载.docx

1、throughout “在整个时期，在整个范围”, 可接表示时间和地点的名词，也可作副词，意为“全部，处处，始终”；all over “遍及的各部分”，只接表示地点的名词，也可作副词，意为“到处都是，全部结束”all through “在整个期间”，后接表示时间的名词。练：1）It rained _ the night. 2） The room is painted _. 3） The desease spread _ the city. 4） Lily is wet _ .3 be made up of由组成，可与consist of 互换1）The medical team _ twelv

2、e doctors. 医疗队由十二名医生组成。注：be made of/be made from/be made out of 由制成be made into 被制成make up 组成，编制，弥补，化妆，和解make for 走向；有助于make out 理解，辨认出2） My favorite salad lettuce, tomatoes and cucumber.3） She a story to comfort her little daughter.4） Nylon air, coal and water.5） The audience very young children.6）

3、 The toy cost a dollar and Ted only had fifty cents, so Father the difference.7） Society people with widely differing abilities.4. consist vi. 组成，构成组成，构成 （+of）:A university _ teachers, administrators and students. 大学由教师，行政人员和学生组成。 一致，符合 （+with）The information _ his account. 消息与他的叙述相符合。在于，存在于 （+in）To

4、lerance _ respecting the opinions of others. 宽容在于尊重别人的意见。The beauty of the picture_ its colors. 这幅画的美在于其色彩。5. contribution make a contribution to. 为作贡献contributor n 捐助者；投稿人；作出贡献者contribute to sth. 促成某事；contribute （sth.） to/towards 向捐献/捐赠（）；投稿1） The success of the 16th Asian Games has contributed to

5、the growth of economy in Guangzhou._2） China not only provided aid, but also training and technology to Africa to help it rise out of poverty.中国向非洲不仅提供援助而且提供培训和技术以帮助非洲摆脱贫困。3） She a number of articles the magazine.她给这家杂志撰写了许多稿件。4） He _ half of his savings_ the Red Cross.背句子：Many people contributed mo

6、ney to the Hope Project，which contributed to many children returning to school. A teacher wrote an article about this and contributed it to a newspaper.许多人给希望工程捐钱，使许多孩子可以重返校园，一位老师据此写了一篇文章并向报社投了稿。6. lead to 通到；导致 1） This road leads to the hotel. 这条路通到旅馆。 2） Smoking can lead to lung cancer. 抽烟可能导致肺癌。A

7、ll roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马lead to doing sth.The new evidence they have just found _.（导致那个贼被抓）7. control n. & vt. 控制;支配vt. 控制；支配；管理；克制；抑制She is skillful enough to_ the machine. 她已有了足够的技术可以操纵这台机器了。You must learn to . 你必须学会克制着不发脾气。n. 支配；控制；调节；抑制（+of/over） 【拓展】 have/hold control of/over 控制着take cont

8、rol of 控制，管理 in control （of） 控制着，出于统治地位 lose control of 失去对的控制 out of control 失去控制，无法控制 under control （被）控制住The boy is no longer _his parents. Police at present_ the crowd. They asked for help. With the help of firefighters, they got the fire _. Mum was angry to see her children_. Who do you let be

9、_ your class while youre out?8. rule v. 统治1） Today, most kings and queens rule （their countries） only in a formal way, without real power. 当今大部分的国王和王后只是象征性地统治（他们的国家），没有实权。rule也可做名词，意为“统治”，常构成词组under ones rule 或under the rule of sb.意为“在某人的统治之下”2） Under the queens rule/the rule of Elizabeth I, Britain

10、 became the number one power of the world. 在那位女王/伊丽莎白一世的统治下，英国成为世界第一大国。9. replace vt. 1）. 替换，代替，取代 相当于词组take the place of, 常构成词组replace A with B, 意为用B代替A。 The brakes have to be replaced. _ Electric lights _ candles. 电灯已经取代了蜡烛。 2）. 把放回（原处） She _ the receiver. 她将听筒放了回去。 3）. 归还；偿还 I will replace the cu

11、p I broke. _.10. result in 1）. 结果;导致 （lead to） Carelessness _ lots of accidents.粗心造成大量交通事故。2）. result from （because of, due to）His failure resulted largely from his laziness. _3）. as a result （of）It rains today, as a result, we have to put off our picnic. = As a result of rain, we have to put off ou

12、r picnic.His success _ working hard.Too much cigarettes _ his deaths. He had to take a taxi to work _the bad weather.11. include vt. 包括，强调包罗并使之成为一部分 1） The price includes both house and furniture. 这个价格包括房子及家具的价格。 常用including和included引出一解释性短语，including位于该短语前，included位于该短语后。 2） They will send you the

13、book for $3, postage included. 他们将把这本书寄给你，_ 共三美元。3） At least 80 people were injured, including five policemen.至少有80人受伤，_ 。【辨析】contain意思是“包含，容纳”，侧重于容器中“装有，含有”4） How much oil can the bottle contain? 这只瓶子能装多少油?5） Apples contain water and sugar. 苹果含有水和糖分。12go through经历，经受 （experience）vt. 经历，经受13. occupy

14、 vt. 占领，占有；使从事，使忙于 1） Enemy troops occupied the country. 敌军占领了这个国家。 2） He was occupied in collecting stamps. 他忙于集邮。 occupy oneself in（with） sth. 忙于14. independence n. 独立dependent adj. 依赖的；受影响的 （ on ） independent adj. 独立的 （ of/ from ）dependence n. 依靠depend on 取决于；依靠，信赖He gradually becomes _alcohol. 他

15、渐渐对酒精产生了依赖。You should _ your parents. 你应该学着不要依赖父母。Our relationship is based on mutual dependence. 我们的关系建立在相互依存的基础上。India gained independence for Britain in 1947. 印度于1947年脱离英国获得独立。Important sentences:1. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people. （P22L3）那就是为什么英语有这么多使人困惑的不解规则。

16、 注：Thats why那就是为什么， 那就是的原因，why 引导_从句。confuse sb. 使某人困惑confusing意思为令人迷惑，令人不解的；常修饰事物； confused为感到迷惑的，糊涂的，常修饰人。另外许多动词有两个形容词形式，分别为-ing和-ed结尾，用法与此相同，常见的有：interest, excite, surprise, shock, astonish, please, puzzle等。What he said is_. 他的话语令人迷惑。People_ all kinds of labels on food.人们被五花八门的食物标签搞得稀里糊涂。confusio

17、n n.困惑，不确定，混淆，混乱。He looked at me_ and didnt answer the question.他困惑地看着我，并不回答问题。2. It is certain that. 是肯定的，一定会，确信 其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。 It is certain that he will win the game. 他肯定会赢得这场比赛的。 be certain to do 一定会 他肯定会来的。_ be certain of doing sth. 对有把握 我们确信会赢。_Period 2 Grammar and usageStep 1 Pr

18、e-class1. 区分名词性从句和定语从句名词性从句和定语从句是高中阶段学习的两个重要的从句。它们是两种类型不同的从句，极易混淆，应注意将它们区别开来。1）语法功能不一样名词性从句之所以叫名词性从句，就是因为它们的语法功能相当于一个名词在句子里充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。而定语从句的语法功能相当于一个形容词在句子里充当定语。2）位置不一样主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句位于动词的前面或后面或介词的后面充当动词的主语、宾语或表语。同位语从句位于一些抽象名词的后面。而定语从句则位于名词或这个句子的后面充当定语。3）许多引导词不一样名词性从句引导词连词that ,whether ,if, becau

19、se（表语从句）, as if（表语从句）代词who, whom, whose, which ,what, whoever, whomever ,whatever, whichever副词 how, when ,where, why定语从句引导词关系代词 that ,which, who, whom ,whose, as 关系副词when, where, why prep. + which/whom从上文可以看出，定语从句和名词性从句的引导词并不完全一样，特别是定语从句里没有what。4）有些引导词的作用不一样有些词尽管既引导名词性从句，又可引导定语从句，但它们所起的作用并不一样。例如：tha

20、t在名词性从句里不充当成分；而在定语从句里代替先行词在定语从句里充当主语或宾语。which在名词性从句里意为“哪一个”，习惯上后接一个名词；而在定语从句里和that一样，代替先行词在定语从句里充当主语或宾语（that与which在名词性从句里两者不属于同一类别，作用也不一样）。when在定语从句和名词性从句里都表示从句里动词发生的时间，另外在名词性从句里还可意为“当时候，是时候”。I called you last night. But no one answered. 我昨天打电话，但没有人接。That must have been when we went to the cinema. 那

21、肯定是我们去看电影的时候。where在定语从句和名词性从句里都表示从句里动作发生的地点，另外在名词性从句里还可意为“是地方”。This is where the accident happened. 那就是事故发生的地方。He says boys are cleverer than girls. That is where I disagree.他说男孩比女孩聪明,这是我不同意的地方.2. 如何选择名词性从句的引导词1）区分that与whatwhat在名词性从句里充当主语或宾语；that在名词性从句里不充当成分，例如：What he said surprised us. 他说的使我们非常惊讶。

22、That he would go there surprised us. 他将去那儿，使我们很惊讶。We have no idea _he is doing. _the famous man is a cheat shocked us. After _seemed an hours wait, the film began. 2）区分that与 whether, if在名词性从句里，如果从句成分完整，语气肯定，就用that；如果成分完整，语气不十分肯定，就用whether, if。_ he will go there is known. 大家都知道他将去那儿。_ he will go ther

23、e is unknown. 他是否去那儿还不清楚。3）区分what与whichwhat在名词性从句里除了作主语和宾语之外，还可作定语，which在名词性从句里也作定语。what常表示无范围限制；而which表示有范围限制。whatever与whichever的区别也是这样。He asked me _ kind of films I liked best. 他问我最喜欢哪个电影He asked me _ class I was in. 他问我在哪个班。4）区分what与whateverwhat与whatever意思一样，但whatever语气更重一些。另外whatever还可以引导让步状语从句，

24、但what不能。3. 名词性从句里词的顺序问题在确定在名词性从句里词的顺序时，要记住“引导词在从句的句首，然后其余的词按陈述句的顺序排列”。He asked_. 他问发生什么事。He asked _. 他问我叫什么名字。但在下列句子里，what既是引导词，又是主语。He asked what was wrong. 他问发生什么事。He asked what was the trouble. 他问发生什么事。He asked what was the matter. 他问发生什么事。有时要注意将强调句型和名词性从句结合起来的句子。He asked what it was that made he

25、r so sad. 他问是什么使她这么难过。Language points:1. standard n.& adj. 标准；标准的，规范的The _ of her work is very high. 她的工作质量很高。_, the book is very good. 根据他们的标准，这本书很好。You must try to speak standard English. _。2. set vt. 树立，开创；放置；开始；安排；分配The government should _for this kind of medicine.政府应该为这种药品制定严格的标准。They ate every

26、thing that was _in front of them. 他们吃光了摆在他们面前的食物。They havent _ a date for their wedding. 他们还没有确定婚礼的日期。He _ a difficult task for himself. 他为自己安排了艰巨的任务。相关链接set sth. on fire 点燃某物 set a time 确定时间 set a record 创造记录 set free 释放 set an example 树立榜样 set about doing 着手做set down 记下，制定 set off 动身，起程set up建立 be set in以为背景3. at one time一度，曾经=once练习：He worked